Al-Bireh, Lebanon

Al-Bireh

بيرة

Biré, El Bire, El Bireh, Birra

Village

Country|  Lebanon
Governorate| Beqaa Governorate
District| Rashaya District
Population

• Total| 9,000+
Al-Bireh

Shown within Lebanon

Alternative name| El Bire, El Bireh, Biré, Birra
Location| Beqaa Valley, Lebanon
Coordinates|  [ ⚑ ] 33°35′01″N 35°49′09″E﻿ / ﻿33.583740°N 35.819219°E﻿ / 33.583740; 35.819219
Part of| Settlement
History
Periods| Heavy Neolithic, Neolithic
Site notes
Archaeologists| Auguste Bergy
Condition| ruins
Public access| Yes
Al-Bireh town center

Al-Bireh, El Bire, Biré, El Bireh (Arabic: البيرة) or Birra (time of Crusades) is a town in the Rashaya District, south-eastern portion of the Bekaa Governorate of the Republic of Lebanon. Al-Bireh is part of the Rashaya municipal district. It lies west of the road between Majdel Anjar and Rashaya. Its population is estimated to be 9000. It is a small Muslim town with two mosques and two schools.

Many homes were abandoned due to emigration

## Contents

* 1 Geography
* 2 Economy
* 3 Notable residents
* 4 History
* 5 Archaeology
* 6 Media
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Geography

The oldest part of the town lies on top of Jabal Arbi Mountains while the newer parts lie in the Wadi al-Taym valley and is referred to as Izza. Neighboring towns include Rafid, Kamed, Khirbet-Rouha, and Mdouckha. The town is located about 80 km from Beirut and 40 km from Damascus, Syria. From Al-Bireh, Jabal -Al-Sheikh (Mount Hermon) can be seen with its majestic snow-capped peak.

## Economy

The Elkadri family ruins

More than 60% of the town’s population have emigrated to Brazil , Argentina , United States , Canada , France , Spain , Italy and Portugal. Residents of the town have left to the US as early as the 18th Century and have aggregated in cities like Dearborn, Michigan. Many others emigrated to São Paulo, Brazil; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Montreal and Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

The economy of the town relies on agriculture which thrived on the water springs commonly found in Al-Bireh. The town is known for growing olives, almonds, fruits and vegetables and a variety of crops. However, the severe emigration has reduced the agriculture activities over the past three decades.

Agriculture thrives in the water rich mountains

Six main families inhabit the town, namely the Elkadri, Jeha (جحا), Jumaa, Abou Hussein, Zeineddine, Abdallah, Salem and Omar families. Other families also live in the village, however increased emigration has completely dispersed some families and no members are currently residents.

## Notable residents

Al-Bireh is the birthplace of multiple intellectuals, politicians and religious figures. The late Nazem Elkadri (MP, minister and prime minister of Lebanon) was born in Al-Bireh. The Mufti of Bekaa, Sheikh Raouf Elkadri was also born in Al-Bireh. Nassouh Elkadri (an anti-French occupation revolutionary leader) was also from Al-Bireh.

## History

Mount Hermon or Alsheikh as seen from Al-Bireh

The mountain chain upon which Al-Bireh is located is rich with history. Caves dating back to pre-historic times can be found all over the mountain. Ruins of other more modern civilizations are still very visible. The locals usually come across artifacts dating back to Phoenician, Byzantine, Roman and Canaanite eras. Many artifacts and archaeological pieces were illegally excavated out of the caves and burial grounds during the Lebanese Civil War and the Israeli occupation, however it is hoped that one day, area will be declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, thus protecting one of the most important areas of human cultural heritage on Earth.

Ancient caves known as Ain Almizrab Caves

The town was occupied first by PLO forces in the late 1970s, then by Israeli forces in the early 1980s. Before Israel's invasion, the town suffered from Israeli warplane attacks. In one incident, several houses were bombed, killing and injuring scores of civilians [citation needed]. Israel did not provide explanation as to why these were bombed.

## Archaeology

A Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture was discovered by Auguste Bergy along a south to west track that lead from the road to a small spring. Bergy originally suggested it was a "Chellean factory site" before the Heavy Neolithic was defined by Henri Fleisch. Lorraine Copeland agreed that it was probably a factory, noting several prepared flakes and a large Neolithic pick. The material is now held in the archives of the Saint Joseph University.[1]

Trihedral Neolithic axe or pick from Joub Jannine II, Lebanon. Cream flint patinated to brown. In the collection of the Museum of Lebanese Prehistory at the Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.

## Media

Al-Bireh was the site where the French/Lebanese movie Le Cerf-Volant (The Kite) (Tayyara min waraq) was filmed.

In January 2009 a street in town was named after president Hugo Chávez, after Venezuela expelled an Israeli ambassador due IDF attack in Gaza Strip.[2]

In the Lebanese Parliamentary elections of June 2009, Ziad Nazem Elkadri, son of the late Nazim Elkadri, won his seat running with the Future Movement in the March 14 coalition list. Ziad is the second MP to be elected from the village, the first being his father.

## References

1. ↑ L. Copeland; P. Wescombe (1966). Inventory of Stone-Age Sites in Lebanon: North, South and East-Central Lebanon, p. 26. Impr. Catholique. https://books.google.com/books?id=qhPRQwAACAAJ. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
2. ↑ http://www.terra.com.co/actualidad/articulo/html/acu17822-calle-hugo-chavez-en-libano-por-solidaridad-con-gaza.htm

## External links

* Map of El Bire on www.discoverlebanon.com
* Bireh (Rachaiya), Localiban

[ ⚑ ]  33°35′01″N 35°49′09″E﻿ / ﻿33.583740°N 35.819219°E﻿ / 33.583740; 35.819219

* v
* t
* e

Archaeological sites in Lebanon

* Aadloun
* Aaiha
* Aammiq
* Aaqbe
* Ain Aata
* Ain Choaab
* Ain Harcha
* Akbiyeh
* Akkar plain foothills
* Al-Bireh
* Amioun
* Amlaq Qatih
* Anjar, Lebanon
* Antelias cave
* Apheca
* Ard Saouda
* Ard Tlaili
* Arqa
* Baalbek
* Baidar ech Chamout
* Batroumine
* Batroun
* Bechamoun
* Beirut
* Beit Mery
* Berytus (Roman Beirut)
* Bustan Birke
* Byblos
* Canalizations of Zenobia
* Dahr El Ahmar
* Dakoue
* Deir El Aachayer
* Deir Al-Ahmar
* Deir Mar Maroun
* Dekwaneh
* Douris (Baalbek)
* Elaea (Lebanon)
* Flaoui
* Fadous Sud
* Hebbariye
* Hadeth south
* Haret ech Cheikh
* Hashbai
* Heliopolis in Phoenicia
* Hermel plains
* Iaat
* Jabal es Saaïdé
* Jbaa
* Jdeideh
* Jebel Aabeby
* Jeita Grotto
* Joub Jannine
* Jieh
* Kafr Zabad
* Kamid al lawz
* Kamouh el Hermel
* Karak Nuh
* Kaukaba
* Kefraya
* Kafr Tebnit
* Kfar Qouq
* Kfarhata
* Khallet Michte
* Khirbet El-Knese
* Kouachra megalith field
* Ksar Akil
* Labweh
* Lake Qaraoun (Ain Jaouze)
* Libbaya
* Lion Tower
* Majdal Anjar
* Mansourieh
* Maronite mummies
* Mayrouba
* Mdoukha (Jebel Kassir)
* Moukhtara
* Mtaileb
* Nabi Zair
* Nachcharini
* Nahle, Lebanon
* Neba'a Faour
* Nebi Safa
* Niha Bekaa
* Phoenician port of Beirut
* Plain of Zgharta
* Qaa
* Qal'at Bustra
* Qalaat Tannour
* Qaraoun
* Qasr el Banat
* Ras Baalbek I
* Ras Beirut
* Ras El Kelb
* Rashaya
* Roman Forum of Berytus
* Roman temple of Bziza
* Roman hippodrome of Berytus
* Sands of Beirut
* Saraain El Faouqa
* Shheem
* Sidon
* Sin el Fil
* Sarepta
* Stone of the Pregnant Woman
* Tahun ben Aissa
* Taire
* Tayibe
* Tell Aalaq
* Tell Ablah
* Tell Addus
* Tell Ahle
* Tell Ain Cerif
* Tell Ain el Meten
* Tell Ain Ghessali
* Tell Ain Nfaikh
* Tell Ain Saouda
* Tell Ain Sofar
* Tell Ayoub
* Tell Bar Elias
* Tell Beshara
* Tell Bir Dakoue
* Tell Deir
* Tell Delhamieh
* Tell Derzenoun
* Tell Dibbine
* Tell el-Burak
* Tell El Ghassil
* Tell El Hadeth
* Tell Fadous
* Tell Hazzine
* Tell Hoch Rafqa
* Tell Karmita
* Tell Khardane
* Tell Kirri
* Tell Jezireh
* Tell Jisr
* Tell Kabb Elias
* Tell Majdaloun
* Tell Masoud
* Tell Mekhada
* Tell Meouchi
* Tell Mureibit
* Tell Murtafa
* Tell Nahariyah
* Tell Neba'a Chaate
* Tell Neba'a Litani
* Tell Qasr Labwe
* Tell Rasm El Hadeth
* Tell Rayak
* Tell Saatiya
* Tell Safiyeh
* Tell Saoudhi
* Tell Serhan
* Tell Shaikh Hassan al Rai
* Tell Shamsine
* Tell Sultan Yakoub
* Tell Taalabaya
* Tell Wardeen
* Tell Zenoub
* Tell Zeitoun
* Temnin el-Foka
* Temple of Bacchus
* Temple of Eshmun
* Temple of Jupiter
* Temple of the Obelisks
* Tlail megaliths
* Toron
* Tripolis (region of Phoenicia)
* Tyre Necropolis
* Tyre, Lebanon
* Wadi Boura
* Wadi Koura
* Wadi Yaroun
* Yammoune
* Yanta
* Ain W Zain
* Zahlé

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