Al-Hasakah

Al-Hasakah[nb 1] (Arabic: ٱلْحَسَكَة, romanized: al-Ḥasaka;[1] Kurdish: حەسەکە, romanized: Heseke;[2][3][4] Syriac: ܚܣܝܟܐ, romanized: Hasake;[5] officially Hasakah,[6] is a city in northeastern Syria and the capital of the Al-Hasakah Governorate. With a 2023 estimated population of 422,445,[7] Al-Hasakah is populated by Arabs, Kurds, Assyrians and a smaller number of Armenians and Chechens. Al-Hasakah is 80 kilometres (50 miles) south of the city of Qamishli. The Khabur River, a tributary of the Euphrates River, flows west–east through the city. The Jaghjagh River flows into the Khabur from the north at Al-Hasakah. The city (and the surrounding countryside) is controlled by the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (DAANES).[8] After Ayn Issa came under the control of the Syrian transitional government, al-Hasakah became the new capital of the DAANES.

It is characterized by its fertile lands, abundant water, beautiful nature, and numerous archaeological sites. It has also witnessed a major modern urban renaissance, and numerous agricultural and industrial projects have been established around it. Over the past two decades, it has suffered from the drying up of its main river, the Khabur, which has led to the loss of much of its agricultural land, forcing many of its people to migrate internally to the interior provinces, especially the capital of Syria, Damascus, and Daraa in the south, to work in industrial factories and on agricultural lands.[9]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Early history
* 1.2 Contemporary
* 1.3 Syrian Civil War
* 1.3.1 Hasakah Security Box
* 1.3.2 Fall of the Assad Regime
* 2 Climate
* 3 Demographics
* 4 Religion
* 4.1 Churches in the city
* 5 Economy
* 5.1 Agriculture and natural resources
* 5.2 Development under the DAANES
* 6 Districts
* 7 Sports
* 8 Gallery
* 9 Notable people
* 10 See also
* 11 Notes
* 12 References
* 12.1 Citations
* 13 Works cited

## History

Excavations in 2007 on Citadel Hill. A barracks from the time of the French Mandate of Syria can be seen in the background.

### Early history

An ancient tell has been identified in the city centre by Dominique Charpin as the location of the city of Qirdahat.[10] Another possibility is that it was the site of the ancient Aramean city of Magarisu, mentioned by the Assyrian king Ashur-bel-kala, who fought the Arameans near the city.[11] The etymology of Magarisu is Aramaic (from the root mgrys) and means "pasture land".[12] The city was the capital of the Aramean state of Bit-Yahiri, which was invaded by Assyrian kings Tukulti-Ninurta II and Ashurnasirpal II.[13]

Excavations in the tell discovered remains dating to the Middle-Assyrian, Byzantine and Islamic eras. The last level of occupation ended in the fifteenth century.[1] A period of 1,500 years separated the Middle-Assyrian and Byzantine levels.[14]

There are numerous other archaeological tells in the surrounding area, such as Tall Sulaymānī, which is 7.6 kilometers to the north of the city.

In Ottoman times, the town was insignificant.[15] Today's settlement was established in April 1922 as a French military post, which soon grew into a town.[15] The establishment of new cities in northern Syria was deemed necessary by the authorities of the French Mandate because after the foundation of Turkey, all major economic centers were allocated to Turkey.[15] After the Armenian genocide and Assyrian genocide in the Ottoman Empire, many refugees fled to the area after their expulsion and began to develop it in the 1920s.

### Contemporary

During the French mandate period, Assyrians fleeing ethnic cleansing in Iraq during the Simele massacre, established numerous villages along the Khabur River during the 1930s.[16] French troops were stationed on Citadel Hill at that time. In 1942, there were 7,835 inhabitants in Al-Hasakah, several schools, two churches and a gas station. The new city grew from the 1950s to become the administrative centre of the region. The economic boom in the cities of Qamishli and Al-Hasakah was a result of the irrigation projects started in the 1960s, which transformed northeastern Syria into a cotton-growing area.

On 23 March 1993, a large fire broke out in the Al-Hasakah Central Prison after prisoners protested the conditions there, leaving 61 inmates dead and 90 others injured. The detainees accused the police chief and the Syrian forces of having set the fire. The government blamed five inmates, who were executed on 24 May 1993.[17][18]

### Syrian Civil War

Frontlines in Al-Hasakah prior to October 14, 2019

Syrian Government control

Syrian Kurdish control

On 26 January 2011, in one of the first events of the 2011 Syrian protests,[19] Hasan Ali Akleh from Al-Hasakah poured gasoline on himself and set himself on fire, in the same way Tunisian Mohamed Bouazizi had in Tunis on 17 December 2010. According to eyewitnesses, the action was "a protest against the Syrian government".[20][21]

In the Battle of Hasakah of summer 2015, the Syrian Government lost control of much of the city to the Islamic State, which was then captured by the Kurdish YPG. Afterwards, some 75% of Hasakah and all of the surrounding countryside were under the administration of the Federation of Northern Syria – Rojava, while only some inner-city areas were controlled by the Syrian government.[22][23][24] The United Nations estimates that violence related to the civil War has displaced up to 120,000 people.[25] On 1 August 2016, the Syrian Democratic Council opened a public office in Al-Hasakah.[26]

On 16 August 2016, the Battle of al-Hasakah (2016) started, with the YPG and Asayish capturing most of the remaining areas held by government forces.[27] On 23 August 2016, an agreement between the YPG and the Syrian Army resulted in a ceasefire within the city.[28] Al-Hasakah has since been part of the Jazira Region in the framework of the Democratic Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria.[29][30]

On 20 January 2022, al-Sina'a prison came under attack by Islamic State forces who attempted to free ex-IS fighters incarcerated there. Following the initial attack, clashes spread to the neighbourhoods of al-Zuhour and Ghuwayran as imprisoned Islamic State militants attempted to escape. After a 6-day battle, SDF and Coalition forces managed to push back the attack and secure the area. After thwarting their attack on Ghweran prison, they barricaded themselves in the Faculty of Economics building in the Syrian government-controlled areas in the city of Hasakah, targeting civilians and the movements of the internal security forces' vehicles. Accordingly, international coalition warplanes bombed the college building.[31][32]

#### Hasakah Security Box

The Hasakah "Security Box" was a Syrian government enclave within Al-Hasakah, established in August 2016.[33] It contained a prison, immigration office, mayor's palace, police headquarters, and local army command center.[33][34][35]

Following the capture of the city from ISIS in 2015, government forces controlled 25% of the city while the YPG controlled 75%. On August 16, 2016, a small skirmish erupted into the Second Battle of al-Hasakah between the Asayish alongside the YPG and the Syrian government. After a week-long battle, Kurdish fighters secured control of over 95% of the city.[36] Russia mediated a ceasefire that was put into place on August 23, 2016, according to which only police officers and interior ministry forces were allowed to return to the "Security Box" to protect the government's department buildings.[37]

In July 2018, the Syrian Army raised the Syrian flag over the Al-Nashwa District, which was previously controlled by the YPG and the Asayish security forces in the city of Hasakah.[38] However, in September through November 2019, Asayish forces were still present in al-Nashwa district and able to make arrests.[39][40]

In January 2021, government controlled parts of Al-Hasakah and Qamishli, came under siege by the Asayish due to disputes with the Damascus government.

In August 2024, the SDF imposed another week-long siege on the enclave in retaliation for cross-border attacks by tribal militias on SDF positions in Deir ez-Zor, originating from government-controlled areas. The siege was once again lifted through Russian mediation efforts.[41]

#### Fall of the Assad Regime

The city came under full control of the Kurdish forces on December 6–7, 2024 after the fall of the Assad Regime. Ba'athist Syrian forces handed over control of the remaining territory with no resistance.[42][43]

## Climate

Al-Hasakah has a Mediterranean-influenced semi-arid climate (BSh) with very hot dry summers and cool wet winters with occasional frosty nights.

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## Demographics

Historical population

Year| Pop.| ±%
1942| 7,835| —
1981| 73,426| +837.2%
1994| 119,798| +63.2%
2004| 188,160| +57.1%

In 1939, French mandate authorities reported[45] the following population numbers for different ethnic/religious groups in al-Hasakah city centre:

Arabs | Kurds | Assyrians | Armenians

|
|
|

7,133 | 360 | 5700 | 500

In 1992, Al-Hasakah was described as "an Arab city with a growing Kurdish population."[46] Christians—mostly Assyrians, plus a smaller number of Armenians—also live in the city.[47][48] In 2004, the city's population was 188,160. Al-Hasakah has an ethnically diverse population of Arabs, Kurds and Assyrians, with a smaller number of Armenians.[47][48]

## Religion

There are more than forty mosques in the city, as well as at least nine church buildings, serving a large number of Christians of various rites. The Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary is the episcopal see of the non-metropolitan Syriac Catholic Archeparchy of Al Hasakah-Nisibis, which depends directly on the Syriac Catholic Patriarch of Antioch.

### Churches in the city

* Syriac Orthodox Cathedral of Saint George (كاتدرائية مار جرجس للسريان الأرثوذكس)
* Syriac Orthodox Church of Our Lady (كنيسة السيدة العذراء للسريان الأرثوذكس)
* Syriac Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Assumption (كنيسة سيدة الإنتقال للسريان الكاثوليك)
* Assyrian Church of Our Lady (كنيسة السيدة العذراء للآشوريين)
* Chaldean Catholic Church of Jesus the King (كنيسة يسوع الملك للكلدان الكاثوليك)
* Armenian Orthodox Church of Saint John the Baptist (كنيسة القديس مار يوحنا المعمدان للأرمن الأرثوذكس)
* Armenian Catholic Church of the Holy Family (كنيسة العائلة المقدسة للأرمن الكاثوليك)
* National Evangelical Presbyterian Church (الكنيسة الإنجيلية المشيخية الوطنية)
* Jesus The Light of the World National Evangelical Church (كنيسة الاتحاد المسيحي يسوع نور العالم)

## Economy

### Agriculture and natural resources

The economy of Hasaka is based on agriculture. The Jazira region, in which the city is situated, has long been known as "breadbasket" and "green island". In 2011, the region's wheat production made up 55% of Syria's total output, with Hasakah alone contributing more than 50%. Meanwhile, the region's cotton yield made up 78% of Syria's total production during that year, with Hasakah contributing 35%.[49][50]

In 2011, the Al-Hasakah Governorate accounted for roughly 200,000 barrels per day (bpd) of Syria's output of around 380,000 bpd. The region also holds a substantial amount of natural gas reserves.[50]

Following the Syrian civil war and in particular the Turkish occupation of Rojava many acres of farmland were rendered unusable, as Turkish forces cut off the Allouk water station in Serê Kaniyê (Raʾs al-ʿAin). This also led to a deterioration in the city's health conditions.[51][52] Additionally Abdullah Al-Fares, a professor of economics at the University of Aleppo, attributes the decline in agricultural output to prolonged droughts, decreasing rainfall, large-scale displacement of farmers, rising production costs, a reduction in irrigated farmland due to soaring fuel prices and power outages, the lack of fertilizer, and a decline in seed quality. The displacement of farmers and power outages in particular were caused by Turkish airstrikes, which severely damaged the Hasakah region's only power station. Oil extraction in the region also stalled as energy became scarce, oil tankers were targeted by ISIS sleeper cells, and roads and infrastructure were damaged by Turkish airstrikes.[50][53][54]

### Development under the DAANES

Over the years various projects have been undertaken by the Autonomous Administration's Economic Authority and the Kongreya Star to improve the city's economic standing and promote women's empowerment. These include agricultural projects for displaced women from Serê Kaniyê, the Centre for Co-operative Societies, which cultivates barley in the region, the Ishtar Women’s Bakery, Demsal (lit. Season), which offers seasonal products, as well as numerous sewing and textile workshops, canned food factories, dairy farms, restaurants, and clothing shops.[55][56][57][58][59][60][61]

## Districts

The city of Al-Hasakah is divided into 5 districts, which are Al-Madinah, Al-Aziziyah, Ghuwayran, Al-Nasra and Al-Nashwa. These districts, in turn, are divided into 29 neighborhoods.[62]

English Name  | Arabic Name  | Population | Neighborhoods (Population)

|
|
|

Al-Madinah  | المدينة  | 30,436  | Al-Matar al-Shamali (9,396), Center / Al-Wusta (6,067), Municipal Stadium / Al-Malaab al-Baladi (5,802), Al-Matar al-Janoubi (4,714), Al-Askari (4,457)
Al-Aziziyah  | العزيزية  | 56,123  | Al-Salehiyah (21,319), Al-Ghazal (11,199), National Hospital / Al-Mashfa al-Watani (11,108), Al-Talaia (4,883), Abou Amshah (4,435), Al-Mufti (3,179)
Ghuwayran  | غويران  | 34,191  | Sports City / Al-Madinah al-Riyadiyah (8,418), Al-Thawra (8,180), Al-Taqaddum (7,623), 16 Tishreen (5,595), Al-Zuhour (3,367), Abou Bakr (1,008)
Al-Nasra  | الناصرة  | 42,070  | Tell Hajjar (10,343), Al-Kallasah (9,721), Al-Meshirfah (8,074), Al-Qusour (7,672), Al-Beitra (2,423), Al-Mashtal (2,306), Al-Maaishiyah (1,531)
Al-Nashwa  | النشوة  | 25,340  | Al-Rasafah (12,618), Al-Masaken (4,968), Al-Khabour (3,805), Al-Liliyah (2,977), Villas / Al-Villat (972)

## Sports

Al-Hasakah Municipal Stadium

Al-Jazeera SC is the largest football club in the city and plays at Al-Hasakah Municipal Stadium.

## Gallery

* Saint George Syriac Orthodox Cathedral

* Chaldean Catholic Church

* Tell Hajjar neighborhood

## Notable people

* Hammouda Sabbagh, politician
* Ignatius Joseph III Yonan, the Syriac Catholic Patriarch of Antioch
* Said Gabari, Kurdish musician

## See also

* Syriac Catholic Archeparchy of Al Hasakah-Nisibis

## Notes

1. ↑ Also known as Al-Hasakeh, or Al-Hasaka

## References

### Citations

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "انهاء أعمال التنقيب في "تل الحسكة" الأثري". esyria.sy. 2009. http://www.esyria.sy/ehasakeh/index.php?p=stories&category=ruins&filename=200909021500149.
2. ↑ "Interview: "When COVID-19 does arrive, these water cuts will kill people" - Sara Montinaro from Kurdish Red Crescent" (in en-GB). 2020-07-11. https://rojavainformationcenter.com/2020/07/interview-when-covid-19-does-arrive-these-water-cuts-will-kill-people-sara-montinaro-from-kurdish-red-crescent/.
3. ↑ "Turkey cuts off water to Heseke. "Without water there is no life"" (in en-GB). 2020-03-13. https://womendefendrojava.net/en/2020/03/13/turkey-cuts-of-water-to-heseke-without-water-there-is-no-life/.
4. ↑ "ISIS member captured in Heseke countryside" (in en). https://anfenglish.com/rojava-syria/isis-member-captured-in-heseke-countryside-44895.
5. ↑ Thomas A. Carlson et al., “al-Ḥasake — ܚܣܝܟܐ ” in The Syriac Gazetteer last modified December 9, 2016, http://syriaca.org/place/213.
6. ↑ "Hasakah - Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA)" (in en-US). 2025-11-01. https://sana.sy/en/governorates-news/hasakah/.
7. ↑ "Al Hasaka Population Estimate 2023". https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/al--hasakah-population.
8. ↑ "New deal reached for Hasakah in Hmeimim Base". 23 August 2016. https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/new-deal-reached-hasakah-hmeimim-base/.
9. ↑ "محافظة و مدينة الحسكة". https://ea121.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_5700.html.
10. ↑ Hartmut Kühne (2010). Dūr-Katlimmu 2008 and Beyond. p. 41. ISBN 9783447062091. https://books.google.com/books?id=6KnKOTissFQC&pg=PA41.
11. ↑ Trevor Bryce (2009). The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the fall of the Persian Empire. p. 439. ISBN 9781134159079. https://books.google.com/books?id=AwwNS0diXP4C&pg=PA439.
12. ↑ American University of Beirut (1984). Land tenure and social transformation in the Middle East. p. 5. ISBN 9780815660712. https://books.google.com/books?id=5SyFAAAAIAAJ.
13. ↑ Antti Laato (1997). A Star is Rising: The Historical Development of the Old Testament Royal Ideology and the Rise of the Jewish Messianic Expectations. p. 107. ISBN 9780788504204. https://books.google.com/books?id=HLTYAAAAMAAJ.
14. ↑ "أخيراً نطق تل "الحسكة" الأثري". esyria.sy. 2009. http://www.esyria.sy/ehasakeh/index.php?p=stories&category=ruins&filename=2009013020450315.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Schmidinger, Thomas (2017-03-22) (in de). Krieg und Revolution in Syrisch-Kurdistan: Analysen und Stimmen aus Rojava. Mandelbaum Verlag. pp. 63. ISBN 978-3-85476-665-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=omsMMQAACAAJ.
16. ↑ Fernandez, Alberto M. (1998). "Dawn at Tel Tamir: The Assyrian Christian Survival on the Khabur River". Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies 12 (1). http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v12n1/Fernandez.pdf.
17. ↑ "بعد 28 عاماً على حريق سجن الحسكة أهالي 61 ضحية مازالوا بانتظار تحقيق العدالة". 25 March 2021. https://vdc-nsy.com/archives/44999.
18. ↑ "Refworld | Syria: Whether a fire was set at Hasaka prison on 24 March 1993 killing around 60 people". https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6ad5620.html.
19. ↑ "أبرز محطات الثورة السورية خلال الأيام الماضية.wmv". Al Jazeera. 24 April 2011. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h36T5QlbV8w.
20. ↑ "Information on the death of a young man who burned himself in Al Hasakah". free-syria.com. http://www.free-syria.com/loadarticle.php?articleid=37797.
21. ↑ "Syrian suicider is "Hasan Ali Akleh". Damascus has banned a demonstration in support of Egypt". Middle East Transparent. http://www.metransparent.com/spip.php?page=article&id_article=12661&lang=ar.
22. ↑ "Kurds 'gain ground in Syria's Hasakah' in ISIS fightback". July 25, 2015. https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/07/25/Kurds-gain-ground-in-Syria-s-Hasakah-in-ISIS-fightback-.html.
23. ↑ "IS-extremisten rukken op in Syrië". Nieuwsblad. 1 August 2014. http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=DMF20140801_01200567.
24. ↑ Halabi, Alaa (24 June 2014). "Hasakah residents fear ISIS rally in east Syria". al-Safir. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/ar/security/2014/06/syria-hassakeh-fears-raqqa-isis.html.
25. ↑ "Kurds secure Syria's Kobani as Islamic State targets northeast". Reuters. 28 Jun 2015. http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-idUKKBN0P707120150628.
26. ↑ "Inauguration of the 1st MSD office". Hawar News Agency. 2016-08-01. http://en.hawarnews.com/inauguration-of-the-1st-msd-office/.
27. ↑ "Syria: YPG launches assault to take all of Hasaka". Al Jazeera. 24 August 2016. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/syria-ypg-launches-assault-hasaka-160822041843880.html.
28. ↑ "Agreement to halt fighting in Hasaka enforced at 14:00 p.m.". Syrian Arab News Agency. August 23, 2016. https://sana.sy/en/?p=86190.
29. ↑ "'I am here': New census in northern Syria seeks to document unregistered Syrian Kurds". Syria:direct. 29 September 2016. http://syriadirect.org/news/‘i-am-here’-new-census-in-northern-syria-seeks-to-document-unregistered-syrian-kurds/.
30. ↑ "Syrian regime supporters protest against Rojavan federalism in Hasakah". ARA News. 2 October 2016. http://aranews.net/2016/10/syrian-regime-supporters-protest-rojava-federal-project-hasakah/.
31. ↑ "Coalition warplanes bombs building, group of ISIS cells holed up in Al-Hasakah - ANHA | HAWARNEWS | English" (in en). http://hawarnews.com/en/haber/coalition-warplanes-bombs-building-group-of-isis-cells-holed-up-in-al-hasakah-h28775.html.
32. ↑ "Ghuwayran prison attack | International Coalition jets attack building ISIS holed up in Al-Hasakah • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights" (in en-US). 2022-01-21. https://www.syriahr.com/en/235578/.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Izat Charkatli (August 23, 2016). "New deal reached for Hasakah in Hmeimim Base". Al-Masdar News. https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/new-deal-reached-hasakah-hmeimim-base/.
34. ↑ Rodi Said; Tom Perry (23 August 2016). "Syria Kurds win battle with government, Turkey mobilizes against them". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-kurds-idUSKCN10Y127.
35. ↑ Ralph Ellis (August 23, 2016). "Syrian military, Kurdish fighters reach ceasefire in Hasaka". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/23/middleeast/ceasefire-syria-kurds-hasaka/.
36. ↑ Wladimir van Wilgenburg (August 24, 2016). "Kurds triumph in battle against Syrian regime". ARA News. http://aranews.net/2016/08/kurds-triumph-in-battle-against-syrian-regime/.
37. ↑ Qehreman Miste (August 24, 2016). "Hasakah: Truce reached between Syrian regime, Kurds after Russian mediation". ARA News. http://aranews.net/2016/08/hasakah-truce-reached-syrian-regime-kurds-russian-mediation/.
38. ↑ "Syrian Army raises flag over Hasakah district formerly controlled by Kurdish forces". 11 July 2018. https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-raises-flag-over-hasakah-district-formerly-controlled-by-kurdish-forces/.
39. ↑ "SDF kidnaps dozens of orphans and hundreds of youths in eastern Syria" (in en). Geneva, Switzerland. 2019-09-18. https://euromedmonitor.org/en/article/3136. ""According to local reports, the so-called military police and the Asayish forces, the security arms of SDF, arrested hundreds of young people of the Arab tribes this week [...] at Al-Quds park, Marshou, al-Kahrabah and al-Nashwa roundabouts in al-Hasaka.""
40. ↑ @RojavaNetwork (2019-11-14). "+++Two ISIS womens [sic fleeing from Al-hol camp were arrested by Asayîş internal security force in al-Nashwa neighborhood, Hasake city."]. https://twitter.com/RojavaNetwork/status/1195028834766217218.
41. ↑ "SDF lift siege of Syrian regime-held areas of Qamishli, Hasakah" (in en-EN). The New Arab. 16 August 2024. https://www.newarab.com/news/sdf-lift-siege-syrian-regime-held-areas-qamishli-hasakah.
42. ↑ "Iran Update, December 7, 2024" (in en). 7 December 2024. https://understandingwar.org/backgrounder/iran-update-december-7-2024.
43. ↑ "Celebrations in Hassakeh as the SDF has taken full control over the government pockets in Hassakeh and Qamishlo" (in en). 6 December 2024. https://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2024/6-december-21-celebrations-in-hassakeh-as-the-sdf-has-taken.
44. ↑ "Hassakah Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/SY/40016.TXT. (To view documents see Help:FTP)
45. ↑ Algun, S., 2011. Sectarianism in the Syrian Jazira: Community, land and violence in the memories of World War I and the French mandate (1915- 1939) . Ph.D. Dissertation. Universiteit Utrecht, the Netherlands. Page 11. Accessed on 8 December 2019.
46. ↑ Vanly (1992), p. 116.
47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "Kurds Assert Control of Hasakah: The Battle for Rojava (Dispatch 3)". VICE News. https://www.vice.com/en/article/kurds-assert-control-of-hasakah-the-battle-for-rojava-dispatch-3/.
48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 IS fighters stage surprise attack on key Syrian border town, The Associated Press, Yahoo News
49. ↑ "Hasaka | European Union Agency for Asylum" (in en). September 2020. https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-syria/hasaka.
50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 Attiya Khalaf Al-Attiya (11 February 2025). "Resource-rich yet underdeveloped, Syria’s northeast could pay dividends" (in en). https://en.majalla.com/node/324277/business-economy/resource-rich-yet-underdeveloped-syria’s-northeast-could-pay-dividends.
51. ↑ Sallon, Hélène Sallon (15 September 2022). "In Al-Hasakah, Syria, water is becoming a rare commodity" (in en). Le Monde. https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2022/09/15/in-al-hasakah-syria-water-is-becoming-a-rare-commodity_5996982_4.html.
52. ↑ "Water crisis in Al-Hasakah - Tens of civilians, mostly children, arrive in hospitals after having consumed unpotable water" (in en-CA). 9 June 2024. https://www.syriahr.com/en/335750/.
53. ↑ "ISIS sleeper cells kill oil tanker driver in Syria's Hasakah" (in en-US). 14 November 2024. https://npasyria.com/en/118417/.
54. ↑ Enab, Baladi (25 October 2024). "Turkey continues its escalation in northeastern Syria" (in en-US). https://english.enabbaladi.net/archives/2024/10/turkey-continues-its-escalation-in-northeastern-syria/.
55. ↑ HACî, RONÎDA (18 October 2024). "Demsal Cooperative promotes women’s economic empowerment in Hasakah" (in en). https://jinhaagency.com/en/actual/demsal-cooperative-promotes-women-s-economic-empowerment-in-hasakah-35849.
56. ↑ "Explainer: Co-operatives in North and East Syria – developing a new economy" (in en-GB). 8 November 2020. https://mesopotamia.coop/cooperatives-in-north-and-east-syria-developing-a-new-economy/.
57. ↑ Ramadan, Delal (6 June 2023). "Women's Economy Committee promotes women’s economic empowerment" (in en). https://jinhaagency.com/en/labor-economy/women-s-economy-committee-promotes-women-s-economic-empowerment-33392.
58. ↑ "Important projects for women’s economy" (in en). 15 October 2018. https://anfenglishmobile.com/rojava-northern-syria/important-projects-for-women-s-economy-30204.
59. ↑ "مركز التعاونيات يباشر بزراعة الأراضي بالحسكة" (in ar). 10 December 2018. https://ronahi.net/?p=19181.
60. ↑ "Agricultural projects for displaced women from Serêkaniyê" (in en). 1 January 2021. https://anfenglishmobile.com/women/agricultural-projects-for-displaced-women-from-serekaniye-49048.
61. ↑ "Serving over 11 villages - Al-Hasakah governor inaugurates new bread bakery with a capacity of 14 tons of bread a day" (in en-CA). 2022-09-30. https://www.syriahr.com/en/269695/.
62. ↑ Al-Hasakah subdistrict population 2004 census

## Works cited

* Vanly, Ismet Chériff (1992). "The Kurds in Syria and Lebanon". The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. New York City, London: Routledge. pp. 116. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=JZ6JAgAAQBAJ&q=hasaka.

Template:Cities of Syria Template:Al-Hasakah Governorate

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Assyrian people

Ethno-linguistic group(s) indigenous to the Middle East with various additional/alternate self-identifications, such as Syriacs, Arameans, or Chaldeans

Identity|

* Assyrian continuity
* Assyrian–Chaldean–Syriac diaspora
* Chaldean Catholics
* Terms for Syriac Christians

Assyrian flag

Aramean-Syriac flag

Chaldean flag

Syriac
Christianity|

| West Syriac Rite|

* Syriac Orthodox Church (518–)
* Syriac Catholic Church (1662–)
* Assyrian Evangelical Church (1870–)
* Assyrian Pentecostal Church (1940–)

|

East Syriac Rite|

* Chaldean Catholic Church (1552–)
* Assyrian Church of the East (1692–)
* Ancient Church of the East (1968–)

Aramaic/Syriac
languages|

* Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
* Chaldean Neo-Aramaic
* Turoyo
* Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
* Hertevin
* Senaya
* Mlaḥsô
* Syriac script

Culture|

* Assyrian folk/pop music
* Music of Mesopotamia
* Syriac sacral music
* Folk dance
* Cuisine
* Clothing

History
(including
related
contexts)|

| Ancient Assyria|

* Early Assyrian period (2600–2025 BCE)
* Old Assyrian period (2025–1364 BCE)
* Middle Assyrian Empire (1363–912 BCE)
* Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–609 BCE)
* Post-imperial Assyria (609 BCE–240 CE)
* Ancient Mesopotamian religion
* Arameans
* Assyrian tribes

|

Classical
antiquity|

* Seleucid Empire (312–63 BCE)
* Parthian Empire (247 BCE–224 CE)
* Osroene (132 BCE–244 CE)
* Syrian Wars (66 BCE–217 CE)
* Roman Syria (64 BCE–637 CE)
* Adiabene (15–116)
* Roman Assyria (116–118)
* Christianization (1st to 3rd c.)
* Nestorian schism (5th c.)
* Church of the East (410-1552)
* Asoristan (226–651)
* Byzantine–Sasanian wars (502–628)

Middle ages|

* Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia (630s)
* Muslim conquest of Syria (630s)
* Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258)
* Emirs of Mosul (905–1383)
* Buyid amirate (945–1055)
* Principality of Antioch (1098–1268)
* Ilkhanate (1258–1335)
* Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)
* Qara Qoyunlu (1375–1468)
* Aq Qoyunlu (1453–1501)

Modern era|

* Safavid Empire (1508–55)
* Ottoman Empire (1555–1917)
* Schism of 1552 (16th c.)
* Massacres of Badr Khan (1840s)
* Massacres of Diyarbekir (1895)
* Rise of nationalism (19th c.)
* Adana massacre (1909)
* Assyrian genocide (1914–20)
* Independence movement (1919–)
* Simele massacre (1933)
* Post-Saddam Iraq (2003–)
* Genocide of Christians by ISIL (2014–)

By country|

| Homeland
Settlements|

* Iraq
* Nineveh Plains
* Qaraqosh
* Alqosh
* Tel Keppe
* Bartella
* Ankawa
* Shaqlawa
* Zakho
* Iran
* Urmia
* Salmas
* Sanandaj
* Syria
* Al-Hasakah Governorate
* Al-Hasakah
* Tell Tamer
* Qamishli
* Khabur
* Maaloula
* Turkey
* Hakkari
* Mardin Province
* Mardin
* Mazıdağı
* Tur Abdin

|

Diaspora|

* Armenia
* Australia
* Belgium
* Canada
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Israel
* Arameans
* Jordan
* Lebanon
* Mexico
* Netherlands
* New Zealand
* Russia
* Sweden
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Detroit
* Uruguay

Politics|

* Assyrian Democratic Movement
* Assyrian Democratic Organisation
* Aramean Democratic Organization
* Assyrian Universal Alliance
* Dawronoye
* Syriac Union Party
* Syriac Military Council
* Sutoro

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