Chișinău

Chișinău (/ˌkɪʃɪˈnaʊ/ (Audio file "En-us-Chișinău.ogg" not found) KISH-ə-NOW; ro; formerly known by its Russian form Kishinev)[lower-alpha 1] is the capital and largest city of Moldova.[1][2] The city is Moldova's main industrial and commercial centre. It is situated in the middle of the country, on the river Bîc, a tributary of the Dniester. According to the results of the 2024 Moldovan census, the population of the city proper stood at over 567,000 inhabitants, while the population of the Municipality of Chișinău (which includes the city itself and other nearby communities) numbered over 720,000 people. Chișinău is the most economically prosperous locality in Moldova and the country's largest transport hub. Nearly a third of Moldova's population resides in the metropolitan area.

Moldova has a history of winemaking dating back to at least 3,000 BC. As the capital city, Chișinău hosts the yearly national wine festival every October.[3][4] Though the city's buildings were significantly damaged during the Second World War and earthquakes, a rich architectural heritage remains. In addition, it has numerous buildings designed in the postwar Socialist realism and Brutalist architecture styles.

The city's central railway station boasts a Russian-Imperial architectural style and maintains direct railway links to Romania. The Swiss-Italian-Russian architect Alexander Bernardazzi designed many of the city's buildings, including the Chișinău City Hall, Church of Saint Theodore, and the Church of Saint Panteleimon. The city hosts the National Museum of Fine Arts, Moldova State University, Brancusi Gallery, and National Museum of History of Moldova, with more than 236,000 exhibits.

There are bustling markets in the north of the city, including the house where Alexander Pushkin once resided while in exile from Alexander I of Russia. It has now been adapted as a museum.

## Contents

* 1 Etymology
* 2 History
* 2.1 Moldavian period
* 2.2 Russian Imperial period
* 2.2.1 Pogroms and pre-revolution
* 2.3 Romanian period
* 2.4 World War II
* 2.5 Soviet period
* 2.6 After independence
* 3 Geography
* 3.1 Climate
* 4 Law and government
* 4.1 Government and politics
* 4.2 Municipal administration
* 4.2.1 Cities/towns
* 4.2.2 Communes
* 4.2.2.1 Administrative sectors
* 5 Economy
* 6 Demographics
* 6.1 Ethnic composition
* 6.2 Languages
* 6.3 Religion
* 7 Cityscape
* 7.1 Architecture
* 8 Culture and education
* 8.1 Education
* 8.2 Events and festivals
* 9 Media
* 10 Politics
* 10.1 Elections
* 11 Transport
* 11.1 Airport
* 11.2 Road
* 11.3 Rail
* 11.4 Public transport
* 11.4.1 Trolleybuses
* 11.4.2 Buses
* 11.4.3 Minibuses
* 11.5 Traffic
* 12 Sport
* 13 Notable people
* 13.1 Natives
* 13.2 Residents
* 14 Twin towns – sister cities
* 15 Notes
* 16 References
* 17 Further reading
* 18 External links

## Etymology

The origin of the city's name is unclear. A theory suggests that the name may be derived from the archaic Romanian word chișla (meaning "spring", "source of water") and nouă ("new"), because it was built around a small spring, at the corner of Pușkin and Albișoara streets.[5]

The other version, formulated by (or attributed to[6]) Ștefan Ciobanu (occasionally to Iorgu Iordan), a Romanian historian and academician, holds that the name was formed the same way as the name of Chișineu (alternatively spelled as Chișinău) in Western Romania, near the border with Hungary. Its Hungarian name is Kisjenő, from which the Romanian name originates.[7] Kisjenő comes from kis "small" and the Jenő, one of the seven Hungarian tribes that entered the Carpathian Basin in 896.

A third theory by Kiss Lajos, linguist and Slavist, holds (as a possible origin) that the name came from the Cuman kešene ("grave", kurgan) and the Karachayian for "cemetery", and these came from the Persian word kāšāne ("house").[4][9]

Chișinău is known in Russian as Kishinyov (Кишинёв, ru), while Moldova's Russian-language media call it Kishineu (Кишинэу, ru). It is written Kişinöv in the Latin Gagauz alphabet. It was also written as Chișineu in pre–20th-century Romanian[8] and as Кишинэу in the Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet. Historically, the English-language name for the city, Kishinev, was based on the modified Russian one because it entered the English language via Russian at the time Chișinău was part of the Russian Empire (e.g., Kishinev pogrom). Therefore, it remains a common English name in some historical contexts. Otherwise, the Romanian-based Chișinău has been steadily gaining wider currency, especially in written language. The city is also historically referred to as Lithuanian: Kišiniovas; Hungarian: Kisjenő; German: Kischinau de; Polish: Kiszyniów pl; Ukrainian: Кишинів, romanized: Kyshyniv, uk; Bulgarian: Кишинев, romanized: Kishinev; Yiddish: קעשענעװ, romanized: Keshenev; or Turkish: Kişinev.

## History

Historical affiliations

Principality of Moldavia 1436–1812
File:Flag of The Russian Empire 1883.svg Russian Empire 1812–1917
Russian Republic 1917
Moldavian Democratic Republic 1917–1918
Kingdom of Romania 1918–1940
Soviet Union 1940–1941
Kingdom of Romania 1941–1944
Soviet Union 1944–1991
Moldova 1991–present

### Moldavian period

Founded in 1436 as a monastery village, the city was part of the Principality of Moldavia (which, starting with the 16th century, became a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, but still retaining its autonomy). At the beginning of the 19th century, Chișinău was a small town of 7,000 inhabitants.

### Russian Imperial period

Chișinău, 1889

In 1812, in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812), the eastern half of Moldavia was ceded by the Ottomans to the Russian Empire. The newly acquired territories became known as Bessarabia.

Under the Russian government, Chișinău became the capital of the newly annexed oblast (later guberniya) of Bessarabia. By 1834, an imperial townscape with broad and long roads had emerged as a result of a generous development plan, which divided Chișinău roughly into two areas: the old part of the town, with its irregular building structures, and a newer city centre and station. Between 26 May 1830 and 13 October 1836, the architect Avraam Melnikov established the Catedrala Nașterea Domnului with a magnificent bell tower. In 1840, the building of the Triumphal Arch, planned by the architect Luca Zaushkevich, was completed. Following this, the construction of numerous buildings and landmarks began.

On 28 August 1871, Chișinău was linked by rail with Tiraspol, and in 1873 with Cornești. Chișinău-Ungheni-Iași railway was opened on 1 June 1875 in preparation for the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). The town played an important part in the war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire, as the main staging area of the Russian invasion. During the Belle Époque, the mayor of the city was Carol Schmidt, whose contribution to the modernisation of the city is still commemorated by Moldovans.[9][10] Its population had grown to 92,000 by 1862, and to 125,787 by 1900.[11]

#### Pogroms and pre-revolution

In the late 19th century, especially due to growing anti-Semitic sentiment in other parts of the Russian Empire and better economic conditions in Moldova, many Jews chose to settle in Chișinău. By the year 1897, 46% of the population of Chișinău was Jewish, over 50,000 people.[12]

As part of the pogrom wave organized in the Russian Empire, a large anti-Semitic riot was organized in the town on 19–20 April 1903, which would later be known as the Kishinev pogrom. The rioting continued for three days, resulting in 47 Jews dead, 92 severely wounded, and 500 suffering minor injuries. In addition, several hundred houses and many businesses were plundered and destroyed.[13] Some sources say 49 people were killed.[14] The pogroms are largely believed to have been incited by anti-Jewish propaganda in the only official newspaper of the time, Bessarabetz (Бессарабецъ). Mayor Schmidt disapproved of the incident and resigned later in 1903. The reactions to this incident included a petition to Tsar Nicholas II of Russia on behalf of the American people by US President Theodore Roosevelt in July 1903.[15]

On 22 August 1905, another violent event occurred: the police opened fire on an estimated 3,000 demonstrating agricultural workers. Only a few months later, on 19–20 October 1905, a further protest occurred, helping to force the hand of Nicholas II in bringing about the October Manifesto. However, these demonstrations suddenly turned into another anti-Jewish pogrom, resulting in 19 deaths.[15]

### Romanian period

Stephen the Great monument

Following the Russian October Revolution, Bessarabia declared independence from the crumbling empire, as the Moldavian Democratic Republic, before joining the Kingdom of Romania. As of 1919, Chișinău, with an estimated population of 133,000,[16] became the second largest city in Romania.

Between 1918 and 1940, the city center undertook large renovation work. Romania granted important subsidies to its provinces and initiated large-scale investment programs in the infrastructure of the main cities in Bessarabia, expanded the railroad infrastructure, and launched an extensive program to eradicate illiteracy.

In 1927, the Stephen the Great Monument, by the sculptor Alexandru Plămădeală, was erected. In 1933, the first higher education institution in Bessarabia was established by transferring the Agricultural Sciences Section of the University of Iași to Chișinău, as the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences.

### World War II

Eternity – a memorial complex dedicated to the soldiers who fell in World War II and the military conflict in Transnistria Train of Pain – the monument to the victims of communist mass deportations in Moldova State Art Museum, during the Cold War period Prospectul Păcii in 1980

On 28 June 1940, as a direct result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Bessarabia was annexed by the Soviet Union from Romania, and Chișinău became the capital of the newly created Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Following the Soviet occupation, mass deportations, linked with atrocities, were executed by the NKVD between June 1940 and June 1941. More than 400 people were summarily executed in Chișinău in July 1940 and buried in the grounds of the Metropolitan Palace, the Chișinău Theological Institute, and the backyard of the Italian Consulate, where the NKVD had established its headquarters.[17] As part of the policy of political repression of the potential opposition to the Communist power, tens of thousands of members of native families were deported from Bessarabia to other regions of the USSR.

A devastating earthquake occurred on 10 November 1940, measuring 7.4 (or 7.7, according to other sources) on the Richter scale. The epicenter of the quake was in the Vrancea Mountains, and it led to substantial destruction: 78 deaths and 2,795 damaged buildings (of which 172 were destroyed).[18][19]

In June 1941, in order to recover Bessarabia, Romania entered World War II under the command of the German Wehrmacht, declaring war on the Soviet Union. Chișinău was severely affected in the chaos of the Second World War. In June and July 1941, the city came under bombardment by Nazi air raids. However, the Romanian and newly Moldovan sources assign most of the responsibility for the damage to Soviet NKVD destruction battalions, which operated in Chișinău until 17 July 1941, when it was captured by Axis forces.[20]

During the German and Romanian military administration, the city suffered from the Nazi extermination policy of its Jewish inhabitants, who were transported on trucks to the outskirts of the city and then summarily shot in partially dug pits. The number of Jews murdered during the initial occupation of the city is estimated at 10,000 people.[21] The deportation of the city's Jews to Transnistria reduced its Jewish population from 11,388 in the fall of 1941 to 177 in 1943; a large majority of the deportees died.[22] During this time, Chișinău, part of Lăpușna County, was the capital of the newly established Bessarabia Governorate of Romania.[23]

As the war drew to a conclusion, the city was once again the scene of heavy fighting as German and Romanian troops retreated. Chișinău was captured by the Red Army on 24 August 1944 as a result of the Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive.

### Soviet period

After the war, Bessarabia was fully reintegrated into the Soviet Union, with around 65 percent of its territory as the Moldavian SSR, while the remaining 35 percent was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR.

Two other waves of deportations of Moldova's native population were carried out by the Soviets, the first one immediately after the Soviet reoccupation of Bessarabia until the end of the 1940s, and the second one in the mid-1950s.[24][25]

Trams in Chișinău (pictured Gothawagen ET54) were discontinued in 1961.

There was rapid population growth in the 1950s, to which the Soviet administration responded by constructing large-scale housing and palaces in the style of Stalinist architecture. This process continued under Nikita Khrushchev, who called for construction under the slogan "good, cheaper, and built faster." The new architectural style brought about dramatic change and generated the style that dominates today, with large blocks of flats arranged in considerable settlements. These Khrushchev-era buildings are often informally called Khrushchyovka.

The period of the most significant redevelopment of the city began in 1971, when the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union adopted a decision "On the measures for further development of the city of Kishinev," which secured more than one billion rubles in investment from the state budget,[26] and continued until the independence of Moldova in 1991. The share of dwellings built during the Soviet period (1951–1990) represents 74.3 percent of total households.[27]

On 4 March 1977, the city was again jolted by a devastating earthquake. Several people were killed, and panic broke out. The Intourist Hotel, a flagship property constructed by the Soviet state-owned travel monopoly of the same name, was completed in 1978.[28]

On 22 April 1993, the city inaugurated the Monument to the Victims of Jewish Ghettos, a public monument centred on a bronze statue of the Biblical prophet Moses, which serves as a symbol of remembrance to the thousands of Jews who perished during the holocaust. The monument was designed by architect Simeon Shoihet and sculptor Naum Epelbaum. It stands on Ierusalim Street, marking the site of the main entrance to the Chișinău ghetto, which was established in the lower part of the city in July 1941, shortly after the German and Romanian troops occupied the area.[29]

### After independence

Since Moldovan independence following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, many streets of Chișinău have been renamed after historic persons, places, or events. Independence from the Soviet Union was followed by a large-scale renaming of streets and localities from a Communist theme into a national one.[30]

On 5 September 2022, the country's first Christian university, Universitatea Moldo-Americană, opened its doors, supported by the Scandinavian broadcaster Visjon Norge and several donors in Norway, and run in cooperation with the American Southeastern University in Florida, United States.[31]

Following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Moldova allowed more than 600,000 Ukrainian civilians to flee Ukraine across their border. Despite being among the poorest states in Europe, Moldova has continued to host more than 100,000 Ukrainian refugees, many of them in Chișinău.[32][33][34]

On 23 November 2022, the Chișinău Court of Appeal ruled that Chișinău International Airport will return to state ownership, according to justice minister Sergiu Litvinenco, more than three months after an international court allowed Moldova to terminate a 49-year concession deal with airport operator Avia Invest.[35] In April 2023, the Dutch government opened a new embassy in Chișinău.[36]

On 21 May 2023, tens of thousands of Moldovans took to the streets in a massive rally, the European Moldova National Assembly, to support the country's European Union membership bid.[37][38] Moldovan police said more than 75,000 demonstrators were present at the rally organised by Moldovan president Maia Sandu.[39]

Later that month, Chișinău hosted a major international summit of the European Political Community organised to discuss the illegal Russian invasion of Ukraine as well as cybersecurity, migration and energy security, and regional issues in Azerbaijan, Armenia, and clashes in Kosovo.[40][41][42]

## Geography

"Museum of the village" (Muzeul satului), located on the southern outskirts of the city

Chișinău is located on the river Bâc, a tributary of the Dniester, at  [ ⚑ ] 47°0′N 28°55′E﻿ / ﻿47°N 28.917°E﻿ / 47; 28.917, with an area of 120 km2 (46 sq mi). The municipality comprises 635 km2 (245 sq mi).

The city lies in central Moldova and is surrounded by a relatively level landscape with very fertile ground.

Chișinău is roughly equidistant between the borders with Romania (58 km) and Ukraine (54 km), and between the northernmost (188 km) and southernmost (179 km) points of Moldova, thus meaning that it is very close to Moldova's geographic centre.

### Climate

Botanical garden

Chișinău has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfa) characterised by warm summers and cold, windy winters. Winter minimum temperatures are often below 0 °C (32 °F), although they rarely drop below −10 °C (14 °F). In summer, the average maximum temperature is approximately 25 °C (77 °F), however, temperatures occasionally reach 35 to 40 °C (95 to 104 °F) in mid-summer in downtown. Although average humidity during summer is relatively low, most of the annual precipitation occurs during summer, causing infrequent yet heavy storms.

Spring and autumn temperatures vary between 16 and 24 °C (61 and 75 °F), and precipitation during this time tends to be lower than in summer but with more frequent yet milder periods of rain.

Bird's eye view of the Central park

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## Law and government

Chișinău City Hall

### Government and politics

Chișinău is governed by the City Council and the Mayor (Romanian: Primar), both elected once every four years. Ion Ceban was elected mayor first in 2019 and again in 2023. During his first term, he formed a new political party, the National Alternative Movement, of which he was elected president in 2022.[45]

The 2023 election also brought in a new city council. The percentages of votes and the resulting number of seats for parties represented in the council are listed below.

Results of 2023 City Council Election[46] Party | Vote | Seats

|
|

National Alternative Movement | 33.1% | 20
Party of Action and Solidarity | 32.9% | 20
Party of Socialists of the Republic of Moldova  | 9.6% | 6
Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova  | 4.5% | 2
Revival Party (Moldova)  | 2.6% | 1
Dignity and Truth Platform  | 2.6% | 1
Our Party (Moldova)  | 1.7% | 1

### Municipal administration

Chișinău and its surroundings on a map of districts of Moldova

Moldova is administratively subdivided into 3 municipalities, 32 districts, and 2 autonomous units. With a population of 662,836 inhabitants (as of 2014), the Municipality of Chișinău (which includes the nearby communities) is the largest of these municipalities.[47]

Besides the city itself, the municipality comprises 34 other suburban localities: 6 towns (containing further 2 villages within), and 12 communes (containing further 14 villages within). The population, as of the 2014 Moldovan census,[48] is shown in brackets:

#### Cities/towns

* Chișinău (532,513)
* Codru (15,934)
* Cricova (10,669)
* Durlești (17,210)
* Sîngera (9,966)
* Dobrogea
* Revaca
* Vadul lui Vodă (5,295)
* Vatra (3,457)

#### Communes

* Băcioi (10,175)
* Brăila
* Frumușica
* Străisteni
* Bubuieci (8,047)
* Bîc
* Humulești
* Budești (4,928)
* Văduleni
* Ciorescu (5,961)
* Făurești
* Goian
* Colonița (3,367)
* Condrița (595)
* Cruzești (1,815)
* Ceroborta
* Ghidighici (5,051)
* Grătiești (6,183)
* Hulboaca
* Stăuceni (8,694)
* Goianul Nou
* Tohatin (2,596)
* Buneți
* Cheltuitori
* Trușeni (10,380)
* Dumbrava

##### Administrative sectors

Administrative sectors of Chișinău: 1-Centru, 2-Buiucani, 3-Râșcani, 4-Botanica, 5-Ciocana

The municipality in its totality elects a mayor and a local council, which then name five pretors, one for each sector. They deal more locally with administrative matters. Each sector claims a part of the city and several suburbs:[49]

Error creating thumbnail:  Centru

* Codru

File:Drapelul sectorului Buiucani.jpg Buiucani

* Durlești
* Vatra
* Condrița
* Ghidighici
* Trușeni
* Dumbrava

File:Drapelul sectorului Râșcani.png Râșcani

* Cricova
* Ciorescu
* Făurești
* Goian
* Grătiești
* Hulboaca
* Stăuceni
* Goianul Nou

File:Drapelul sectorului Botanica.jpg Botanica

* Sîngera
* Dobrogea
* Revaca
* Băcioi
* Brăila
* Frumușica
* Străisteni

File:Drapelul sectorului Ciocana.jpg Ciocana

* Vadul lui Vodă
* Bubuieci
* Bîc
* Humulești
* Budești,
* Văduleni
* Colonița
* Cruzești
* Ceroborta
* Tohatin
* Buneți
* Cheltuitori

## Economy

File:Malldova Shopping, Кишинев, Республика Молдова Malldova Shopping, Chisinau, Republica Moldova Moldova Shopping, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova (51187661202).jpgMallDova shopping centre

Historically, the city was home to fourteen factories in 1919.[16] Chișinău is the financial and business capital of Moldova. Its GDP comprises about 60% of the national economy[50] reached in 2012 the amount of 52 billion lei (US$4 billion). Thus, the GDP per capita of Chișinău stood at 227% of the Moldova's average. Chișinău has the largest and most developed mass media sector in Moldova, and is home to several related companies ranging from leading television networks and radio stations to major newspapers. All national and international banks (15) have their headquarters located in Chișinău.

Notable sites around Chișinău include Cineplex Loteanu, the new malls MallDova, Port Mall, and best-known retailers, such as N1, Linella, Kaufland, Fourchette, and Metro. While many locals continue to shop at the bazaars, many upper class residents and tourists shop at the retail stores and at MallDova. Jumbo, an older mall in the Botanica district, and Sun City, in the centre, are more popular with locals.

Several amusement parks exist around the city. A Soviet-era one is located in the Botanica district, along the three lakes of a major park, which reaches the outskirts of the city centre. Another, the modern Aventura Park, is located farther from the centre. The Chișinău State Circus, which used to be in a grand building in the Râșcani sector, has been inactive for several years due to a poorly funded renovation project.[51]

## Demographics

Chișinău population pyramid in 2021

Natural statistics (2015)[50]

* Births: 6,845 (9.8 per 1,000)
* Deaths: 6,433 (7.7 per 1,000)
* Net Growth rate: 412 (2.1 per 1,000)

Population by sector:

Sector  | Population (2004 cen.)[50] | Population (2019 est.)[52]

|
|

Botanica  | 156,633  | 170,600
Buiucani  | 107,744  | 110,100
Centru  | 90,494  | 96,200
Ciocana  | 101,834  | 115,900
Râșcani  | 132,740  | 146,200

### Ethnic composition

Historical population of Chișinău

Year| Pop.| ±%
1812 | 7,000| —
1818 | 10,966| +56.7%
1835 | 34,079| +210.8%
1847 | 43,965| +29.0%
1851 | 58,849| +33.9%
1865 | 94,047| +59.8%
1897(c) | 108,483| +15.3%
1912 | 121,000| +11.5%
1930(c) | 114,896| −5.0%
1959(c) | 216,005| +88.0%
1970(c) | 363,940| +68.5%
1979(c) | 589,140| +61.9%
1989(c) | 714,928| +21.4%
2004(c) | 712,218| −0.4%
2014(c) | 662,836| −6.9%
2024(c) | 720,128| +8.6%
Sources:[53][54]
c = census; e = estimate

Population of Chișinău according to ethnic group (censuses 1959–2024)  Ethnic
group  | 1959  | 1970  | 1989  | 2004  | 2014  | 2024

|
|
|
|
|
|

Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %  | Number  | %
Moldovans* | 69,722  | 32.38  | 137,942  | 37.90  | 366,468  | 51.26  | 481,626  | 68.94  | 304,860  | 67.18  | 521,837  | 72.46
Romanians* | 331  | 0.15  | 513  | 0.14  | –  | 31,984  | 4.58  | 65,605  | 14.46  | 92,988  | 12.91
Russians  | 69,600  | 32.22  | 110,449  | 30.35  | 181,002  | 25.32  | 99,149  | 14.19  | 42,174  | 9.29  | 42,796  | 5.94
Ukrainians  | 25,930  | 12.00  | 51,103  | 14.04  | 98,190  | 13.73  | 58,945  | 8.44  | 26,991  | 5.95  | 38,701  | 5.37
Bulgarians  | 1,811  | 0.84  | 3,855  | 1.06  | 9,224  | 1.29  | 8,868  | 1.27  | 4,850  | 1.07  | 6,505  | 0.90
Gagauz  | 1,476  | 0.68  | 2,666  | 0.73  | 6,155  | 0.86  | 6,446  | 0.92  | 3,108  | 0.68  | 5,590  | 0.78
Others  | 45,626  | 21.12  | 54,688  | 15.03  | 47,525  | 6.65  | 11,605  | 1.66  | 6,210  | 1.37  | 11,711  | 1.63
Total  | 216,005  | 363,940  | 714,928  | 712,218  | 469,402  | 720,128
Sources: 1959,[55] 1970,[56] 1979,[57] 1989,[58] 2004,[59] and 2024.[60]
*Since the independence of Moldova, there is an ongoing controversy over whether Moldovans and Romanians are the same ethnic group.
*In 2014, part of the population weren't reviewed.

### Languages

Languages usually spoken in Chișinău (Censuses 1989–2024)  First
language (%)  | 1989  | 2004  | 2014  | Speakers
2024  | 2024

|
|
|
|
|

Romanian* | –  | 37.06  | 43.78  | 343,146  | 47.65
Moldovan* | 46.15  | 28.56  | 29.55  | 206,594  | 28.69
Russian | 44.73  | 33.50  | 25.64  | 141,807  | 19.70
Other languages  | 9.12  | 0.88  | 1.03  | 28,581  | 3.97
*The Moldovan language represents the glottonym (dialect) given to the Romanian language.
Sources:[61][62][63][64]

### Religion

Chișinău is the seat of the Moldovan Orthodox Church, as well as of the Metropolis of Bessarabia. The city has multiple churches and synagogues.[16]

According to the 2024 census results, the religious structure of Chișinău was the following:[65]

Population of Chișinău according to religion  Religious
group  | 2024

|

Number  | %
Eastern Orthodoxy  | 665,659  | 92.44
Baptist | 4,705  | 0.65
Jehovah's Witnesses  | 3,868  | 0.54
Evangelical | 1,864  | 0.26
Catholic  | 1,463  | 0.20
Pentecostal | 1,458  | 0.20
Other Christians  | 1,161  | 0.16
Christianity (total)  | 680,178 | 94.45
Islam  | 2,182  | 0.30
Other religions  | 3,164  | 0.44
Agnostic / Atheist  | 13,409  | 1.86
No religion  | 12,377  | 1.72
Undeclared  | 8,818  | 1.22
Total  | 720,128
Source: National Bureau of Statistics

## Cityscape

Panorama of Chișinău at night

### Architecture

Soviet-style apartment buildings in Chișinău

Romashka Tower, the tallest building in Moldova

Chișinău's growth plan was developed in the 19th century. In 1836, the construction of the Kishinev Cathedral and its belfry was finished. The belfry was demolished in Soviet times and was rebuilt in 1997. Chișinău also displays a tremendous number of Orthodox churches and 19th-century buildings around the city such as Ciuflea Monastery or the Transfiguration Church. Much of the city is made from limestone quarried from Cricova, leaving a famous wine cellar there.

Many modern-style buildings have been built in the city since 1991. There are many office and shopping complexes that are modern, renovated or newly built, including Kentford, SkyTower, and Unión Fenosa headquarters. However, the old Soviet-style clusters of living blocks are still an extensive feature of the cityscape.

## Culture and education

### Education

The city is home to 9 public and 8 private universities, the Academy of Sciences of Moldova, a number of institutions offering high school and 1–2 years of college education. Among them are Moldova State University, the Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, Alexandru cel Bun Military Academy, Nicolae Testemițanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, and Ion Creangă State Pedagogical University.

On 5 September 2022, the country's first Christian university Universitatea Moldo-Americană opened its doors, supported by the Scandinavian broadcaster Visjon Norge and several donors in Norway, and run in cooperation with the American Southeastern University in Florida, United States.[31]

In Chișinău there are several museums. The three national museums are the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History, the National Museum of Fine Arts, and the National Museum of History of Moldova. The National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History was founded in October 1889 by baron Alexandru Stuart, moved to its current location in 1905, and is the oldest museum in Moldova.[66] It houses more than 135,000 exhibit pieces, among them a life-sized reconstruction of the skeleton of a dinothere, discovered in the Rezine region in 1966.[67] It also includes exhibits on natural history, natural sciences, archaeology, paleontology, geology, and ethnography.[68] The building was designed by the architect Vladimir Tsyganko in a distinctive Moorish architectural style with a signature frontal façade consisting of a triangular pediment supported by two Doric columns.[69][70]

The National Library of Moldova is also located in Chișinău.[71]

* Triumphal Arch

* Capitoline Wolf and National History Museum

* Waterfall Steps at the Mill Valley Park

* Ștefan cel Mare Central Park

* Organ Hall

* Maria Bieșu National Opera and Ballet Theatre

### Events and festivals

Chișinău, as well as Moldova as a whole, still show signs of ethnic culture. Signs that say "Patria Mea" (English: My homeland) can be found all over the capital. While few people still wear traditional Moldavian attire, large public events often draw in such original costumes.

Moldova National Wine Day and Wine Festival take place every year in the first weekend of October, in Chișinău. The events celebrate the autumn harvest and recognises the country's long history of winemaking, which dates back to at least 3,000 BCE.[72][73] Moldova has been called the wine capital of Europe and its yearly festival is a major cultural and tourist event, and every year the streets are filled with people enjoying food, wine, dance, and music taking over the streets.[3][74] Moldova's most-awarded sommelier Mihai Druta has described Moldovan wine as being about "small producers and family wineries making premium wine. And nothing costs more than 100 Euro a bottle."[74] The Daily Express in 2019 described the city as "Europe's latest hotspot" in which journalist Maisha Frost praised "its wines, monumental wineries and their epic tasting sessions."[75]

## Media

The majority of Moldova's media industry is based in Chișinău. There are almost 30 FM-radio stations and 10 TV-channels broadcasting in Chișinău. The first radio station in Chișinău, Radio Basarabia, was launched by the Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company on 8 October 1939, when the religious service was broadcast on air from the Nativity Cathedral. The first TV station in the city, Moldova 1, was launched on 30 April 1958, while Nicolae Lupan was serving as the redactor-in-chief of TeleRadio-Moldova.[76]

The state national broadcaster in the country is the state-owned Moldova 1, which has its head office in the city. The broadcasts of TeleradioMoldova have been criticised by the Independent Journalism Center as showing 'bias' towards the authorities.[77]

Other TV channels based in Chișinău are Pro TV Chișinău, PRIME, Jurnal TV, Publika TV, CTC, DTV, Euro TV, TV8, etc. In addition to television, most Moldovan radio and newspaper companies have their headquarters in the city. Broadcasters include the national radio Vocea Basarabiei, Prime FM, BBC Moldova, Radio Europa Libera, Kiss FM Chișinău, Pro FM Chișinău, Radio 21, Fresh FM, Radio Nova, Russkoye Radio, Hit FM Moldova, and many others.

The biggest broadcasters are SunTV, StarNet (IPTV), Moldtelecom (IPTV), Satellit, and Zebra TV. In 2007, SunTV and Zebra launched digital TV cable networks.

## Politics

Presidential Palace in Chișinău

### Elections

## Transport

Chișinău Railway Station, exterior Trolleybus on the street

### Airport

Chișinău Eugen Doga International Airport offers connections to major destinations in Europe and Asia.

FlyOne and HiSky airlines have their headquarters, and Wizz Air has its hub on the grounds of Chișinău Eugen Doga International Airport.[78]

### Road

The most popular form of internal transport in Moldova is generally the bus. Although the city has just three main terminals, buses generally serve as the means of transport between cities in and outside of Moldova. Popular destinations include Tiraspol, Odesa (Ukraine), Iași and Bucharest (Romania).

### Rail

The second most popular form of domestic transportation within Moldova is via railways. The total length of the network managed by Moldovan Railway (as of 2009[update]) is 1,232 kilometres (766 miles). The entire network is single track and is not electrified. The central hub of all railways is Chișinău Central Railway Station. There is another smaller railway station – Revaca located on the city's ends.

### Public transport

#### Trolleybuses

There is a wide trolleybus network operating as common public transportation within the city. From 1994, Chișinău saw the establishment of new trolleybus lines, as well as an increase in capacity of existing lines, to improve connections between the urban districts. The network comprises 22 trolleybus lines being 246 km (153 mi) in length. Trolleybuses run between 05:00 and 03:00. There are 320 units operating daily in Chișinău. However, the requirements are as minimum as 600 units.[clarification needed] A trolleybus ticket costs 6 lei (ca. $0.31). It is the cheapest method of transport within Chișinău municipality.

#### Buses

There are 29 lines of buses within Chișinău municipality. At each public transportation stops there is attached a schedule for buses and trolleybuses. There are approximately 330 public transportation stops within Chișinău municipality. There is a big lack of buses inside city limits, with only 115 buses operating within Chișinău.[79]

#### Minibuses

In Chișinău and its suburbs, privately operated minibuses known as "rutieras" generally follow the major bus and trolleybus routes and appear more frequently.[80]

As of October 2017, there are 1,100 units of minibuses operating within Chișinău. Minibuses services are priced the same as buses – 6 lei for a ticket (ca. $0.36).[81]

### Traffic

The city traffic becomes more congested as each year passes. Nowadays there are about 300,000 cars in the city plus 100,000 transit transports coming to the city each day. The number of personal transports is expected to reach 550,000 (without transit) by 2025.{{citation needed|date=March 201

## Sport

File:Zimbru Stadium 2023.jpgZimbru Stadium

Football is the most widely followed sport in Chișinău. Local clubs such as Zimbru and Dacia Buiucani compete in the Moldovan Super Liga (first division), while Real Succes and Victoria Bardar play in the Liga 1 (second division).

Zimbru Stadium, which opened in May 2006 with a seating capacity of 10,500, meets all the requirements for hosting official international matches and serves as the home venue for the Moldova national football team.

Since 2011, CS Femina-Sport Chișinău has organized women's competitions in seven sports.

Arena Chișinău, an indoor arena was opened in 2022.

The FMF Beach Soccer Arena, a beach soccer stadium that opened in 2022, was the main venue for the Socca EuroCup events held in 2023 and 2024.[82]

The city also hosts the annual Chișinău International Marathon.

## Notable people

### Natives

* Gavril Afanasiu, Bessarabian opera singer, lyric baritone and singing teacher
* Radu Albot, Moldovan professional tennis player
* Doina Aldea-Teodorovici, Moldovan-Romanian singer, part of the iconic musical duo that defined the national awakening of the early 1990s
* Nicolae Alexandri, Bessarabian-Romanian politician, editor-in-chief of Cuvânt Moldovenesc
* Abram Anikst, Russian economist and revolutionary, People's Commissar for Labor of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Deputy People's Commissar of Labor of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
* Olga Anikst, Russian revolutionary and Soviet educator, organizer of vocational education in the Russian SFSR, and the founder and first rector of the Moscow State Linguistic University
* Olga Bancic, Jewish-Romanian communist activist, known for her role in the French Resistance
* Regina Barzilay, Israeli-American computer scientist and professor at MIT
* Savatie Baștovoi, Moldovan Orthodox monk, novelist, essayist, poet, painter, and theologian
* Dan Bălan, Moldovan musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer, founder of the popular Eurodance band O-Zone
* Alexandru Boldur, Bessarabian-Romanian historian, lawyer, and archeologist
* Marcel Bostan, Moldovan singer and leader of the alternative rock band Alternosfera
* Samuel Bronston, American film producer and media executive (and Leon Trotsky's nephew)
* Elena Cataraga (Lena Scissorhands), Moldovan heavy metal singer and songwriter
* Petru Cazacu, medical doctor, historian, publicist, and Prime Minister of the Moldavian Democratic Republic
* Maria Cebotari, Romanian soprano and actress, one of Europe's greatest opera stars in the 1930s and 1940s
* Toma Ciorbă, Romanian physician and hospital director
* Claudia Cobizev, Moldovan sculptor
* Miron Constantinescu, Marxist sociologist, historian, academic, and journalist, leading member of the Romanian Communist Party
* Alexandru Cristea, priest, choir conductor, music teacher, composer of the music for the national anthem of Moldova
* Ion Cuțelaba, Moldovan light heavyweight UFC fighter
* Nicolae Donici, Romanian astronomer
* Boris Epure, Bessarabian-Romanian politician, member of Sfatul Țării
* William F. Friedman, American cryptologist
* Alexander Frumkin, Soviet electrochemist
* Dennis Gaitsgory, Israeli-American mathematician at MPIM
* Anton Gămurari, Moldovan general, veteran of the Transnistrian War
* Anastasia Golovina, the first Bulgarian female doctor
* Sarah Gorby, French-Jewish singer
* Paul Gore, Romanian politician and historian, honorary member of the Romanian Academy
* Vladimir Herța, mayor of Chișinău in the wake of the Great Union
* Laura Hidalgo, Argentine actress
* Anatole Jakovsky, French art critic
* Boris Katz, American computer scientist at MIT
* Nathaniel Kleitman, American physiologist and sleep researcher
* Lev Kogan-Bernstein, revolutionary and member of Narodnaya Volya
* Patricia Kopatchinskaja, Moldovan-Austrian-Swiss violinist
* Avigdor Lieberman, Israeli politician
* Alexei Lungu (born 1983), Moldovan politician and journalist
* Lia Manoliu, Romanian discus thrower and Olympic medalist
* Viorica Marian, Moldovan-born American psycholinguist, cognitive scientist, and professor of psychology at Northwestern University
* George Meniuc, Moldovan writer
* Lewis Milestone, American film director, two-time Academy Award winner
* Constantin Mimi, Bessarabian politician and winemaker
* Tatiana Molcean – diplomat and Executive Secretary of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)
* Sacha Moldovan, American expressionist and post-impressionist painter
* Tatiana Nicolescu, Romanian historian of literature and translator
* Ilya Oleynikov (1947–2012), Russian comic actor and television personality
* Nina Pekerman (born 1977), Israeli triathlete
* Lev Pisarzhevsky (1874–1938), Soviet chemist
* Viktor Pisarzhevsky (1876–1903), lichenologist and notary
* Alexandru Plămădeală (1888–1940), Moldovan sculptor, creator of the Stephen the Great Monument
* Radu Poklitaru (born 1972), Moldovan-born Ukrainian choreographer-director
* Nicu Popescu (born 1981), Moldovan author and diplomat
* Andrei Sârbu (1950–2000), Moldovan painter
* Alexander Schmidt (1879–1954), Bessarabian German politician, economist, lawyer and academic, the last Tsarist mayor of Chișinău
* Alexey Shchusev (1873–1949), Russian and Soviet architect
* Yulia Sister (born 1936), Israeli analytical chemist and science historian
* Serghei Spivac (born 1995), Moldovan heavyweight UFC fighter
* Cleopatra Stratan, Moldovan-Romanian singer, youngest artist to score a No. 1 hit in a country
* Mihai Timofti (1948–2023), Moldovan theatre and film director, actor, multi-instrumentalist musician, professor, screenwriter, writer and composer
* Alexander Ulanovsky (1891–1970), Soviet resident spy in the United States in the 1930s, prisoner in the Soviet Gulag
* Olga Volkenstein (1875–1942), Russian journalist, suffragist and a leader of the women's rights movement in pre-revolutionary Russia
* Maria Winetzkaja (1889–1956), American opera singer in the 1910s-1920s
* Iona Yakir (1896–1937), Red Army commander executed during the Great Purge
* Chaim Yassky (1896–1948), Jewish physician killed in the Hadassah medical convoy massacre
* Sam Zemurray (1877–1961), American businessman who made his fortune in the banana trade

### Residents

* Dan Balan (born 1979), musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer
* Gheorghe Botezatu (1882–1940), American engineer, businessman and pioneer of helicopter flight
* Eugen Doga (1937–2025), composer
* Nicolae Testemițanu (1927–1986), physician, namesake of the State University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Chișinău
* Timofei Moșneaga (1932–2014), physician, namesake of the Republican Clinical Hospital in Chișinău
* Israel Gohberg (1928–2009), Bessarabian-born Soviet and Israeli mathematician
* Dovid Knut (1900–1955), poet and member of the French Resistance
* Sigmund Mogulesko (1858–1914), Yiddish theatre performer
* Pasha Parfeny (born 1986), singer-songwriter, musician, who represented for the Eurovision Song Contest 2012 and 2023
* SunStroke Project, Moldovan representative for the Eurovision Song Contests 2010 and 2017
* Zlata Tkach (1928–2006), composer and music educator
* Maria Bieșu (1935–2012), operatic soprano, namesake of the National Opera and Ballet Theatre in Chișinău

## Twin towns – sister cities

Chișinău is twinned with:[83]

* Alba Iulia, Romania (2011)
* Ankara, Turkey (2004)
* Borlänge, Sweden (2009)
* Bucharest, Romania (1999)
* Chernivtsi, Ukraine (2014)
* Grenoble, France (1977)
* Iași, Romania (2008)
* Kyiv, Ukraine (1999)
* Mannheim, Germany (1989)
* Odesa, Ukraine (1994)
* Reggio Emilia, Italy (1989)
* Sacramento, United States (1990)
* Suceava, Romania (2021)[84]
* Tbilisi, Georgia (2011)
* Tel Aviv, Israel (2000)
* Yerevan, Armenia (2000)

* Kingston Upon Hull, England (1982)

## Notes

1. ↑ /ˈkɪʃənɛf, -nɛv/ KISH-ə-nef, -⁠nev; Russian: Кишинёв, romanized: Kishinyov ru

## References

1. ↑ "Moldova Pitorească". http://www.natura2000oltenita-chiciu.ro/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Moldova-Pitoreasca-Picturesque-Moldavia-pdf-Vladimir-Toncea.pdf.
2. ↑ Davis, Pat Rischar (August 2001). Geographic Literacy: Maps for Memorization. Walch. ISBN 978-0-8251-4272-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=1V3iuVFgqFsC&dq=chisinau+geography&pg=PA70.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Erizanu, Paula (2023-06-01). "I've come to love Chișinău: my home city in Moldova deserves the spotlight" (in en-GB). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2023/jun/01/ive-come-to-love-chisinau-my-home-city-moldova-deserves-the-spotlight.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Chisinau city guide: Where to eat, drink and stay in Moldova's capital" (in en). 2021-09-30. https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/europe/moldova/chisinau-travel-guide-best-hotels-city-restaurants-things-to-do-b1926513.html.
5. ↑ "History of Chișinău" (in ro). http://www.kishinev.info/history_ro/.
6. ↑ "Chişinău is magyar volt?" (in hu). 2014-05-09. https://www.nyest.hu/hirek/chisinau-is-magyar-volt.
7. ↑ "Istoria Orașului I" (in ro). http://www.basarabiaveche.com/monografia-chisinaului-1925/istoria-orasului-i/.
8. ↑ Zamfir C. Arbure (1 January 1898). "Basarabia in secolul XIX ...". C. Göbl. https://archive.org/details/basarabiainseco00arbugoog.
9. ↑ Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist.

> ... orașul nostru n-a avut niciodată un primar ca neîntrecutul Carol Schmidt.

— Pavel Cuzminschi, "Din amintirile lui Pavel Cuzminschi", în revista "Viața Basarabiei", 1934, nr. 9.

10. ↑ "Un bust al fostului primar al Chișinăului, Carol Schmidt, a fost dezvelit în capitală". Publika .Md. http://www.publika.md/un-bust-al-fostului-primar-al-chisinaului--carol-schmidt--a-fost-dezvelit-in-capitala_1921611.html.
11. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
12. ↑ "The Jewish Community of Kishinev". The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot. https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/kishinev.
13. ↑ Penkower, Monty Noam (10 September 2004). "The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903: A Turning Point in Jewish History". Modern Judaism 24 (3): 187–225. doi:10.1093/mj/kjh017. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/172771. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
14. ↑ Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol 10, page 1066. Jerusalem, 1971.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "VIRTUAL KISHINEV – 1903 Pogrom". http://kishinev.moldline.net/pogrom.html.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 Kaba, John (1919). Politico-economic Review of Basarabia. United States: American Relief Administration. p. 12. http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7313/view/1/12/. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
17. ↑ Andrei Brezianu; Vlad Spânu (26 May 2010). The A to Z of Moldova. Scarecrow Press. pp. 116–. ISBN 978-0-8108-7211-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=bgcCelRuTboC&pg=PA116. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
18. ↑ "Building Damage vs. Territorial Casualty Patterns during the Vrancea (Romania) Earthquakes of 1940 and 1977". http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/WCEE2012_2123.pdf.
19. ↑ "75 de ani de la cutremurul din 1940". 10 November 2015. http://stiridegalati.ro/75-de-ani-de-la-cutremurul-din-1940/.
20. ↑ Pâslariuc, Virgil. "Cine a devastat Chișinăul în iulie 1941?" (in ro). http://www.historia.ro/exclusiv_web/general/articol/cine-devastat-chisinaul-iulie-1941.
21. ↑ "Ghettos: Memories of the Holocaust: Kishinev (Chișinău) (1941–1944)". https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/memories-of-the-holocaust-kishinev-introduction-and-acknowledgements.
22. ↑ See Jean Ancel, The History of the Holocaust in Romania (Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press and Jerusalem, Yad Vashem, 2011) p. 266-269, with the statistics on p. 269.
23. ↑ Stănică, Viorel (2007). "Administrarea teritoriului României în timpul celui de-al doilea Război Mondial" (in ro). Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences 9 (19): 107–116. https://www.rtsa.ro/rtsa/index.php/rtsa/article/view/166.
24. ↑ invitat, Autor (15 June 2011). "70 years ago today: 13–14 June 1941, 300,000 were deported from Bessarabia". https://www.moldova.org/en/70-years-ago-today-13-14-june-1941-300000-were-deported-from-bessarabia-221894-eng/.
25. ↑ Pereltsvaig, Asya (8 October 2014). "Stalin's Ethnic Deportations—and the Gerrymandered Ethnic Map". https://www.languagesoftheworld.info/russia-ukraine-and-the-caucasus/stalins-ethnic-deportations-gerrymandered-ethnic-map.html.
26. ↑ "Chisinau – the capital of Moldova: Architecture". http://www.kishinev.info/architecture_en.
27. ↑ "Energy consumption in households". http://www.statistica.md/pageview.php?l=en&id=5413&idc=350.
28. ↑ Higgins, Andrew (2024-08-04). "Trying to Save a Concrete 'Monument to Corruption'" (in en-US). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/04/world/europe/moldova-national.html.
29. ↑ "Monument to the Victims of Jewish Ghetto in Chisinau, Moldova" (in en). https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/monument-to-the-victims-of-jewish-ghetto-8352.html.
30. ↑ Light, Duncan; Nicolae, Ion; Suditu, Bogdan (September 2002). "Toponymy and the Communist city: Street names in Bucharest, 1948–1965". GeoJournal 56 (2): 135–144. doi:10.1023/A:1022469601470. Bibcode: 2002GeoJo..56..135L. http://link.springer.com/10.1023/A:1022469601470. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 "First Christian university opens in Moldova" (in en). 2022-09-05. https://cne.news/article/1646-first-christian-university-opens-in-moldova.
32. ↑ "Moldova's efforts in hosting and providing safe transit to Ukrainian refugees applauded by OSCE PA migration committee". https://www.oscepa.org/en/news-a-media/press-releases/press-2023/moldova-s-efforts-in-hosting-and-providing-safe-transit-to-ukrainian-refugees-applauded-by-osce-pa-migration-committee.
33. ↑ Carter, Bryan (2023-02-24). "Ukrainian refugees in Moldova: Warmly welcomed but dreaming of home" (in en). https://www.euronews.com/2023/02/24/ukrainian-refugees-in-moldova-warmly-welcomed-but-dreaming-of-home.
34. ↑ Krasteva, Gergana (2023-04-16). "Tears of Ukrainian refugees in Moldova still in limbo as they wait to go home" (in en). https://metro.co.uk/2023/04/16/tears-of-ukrainian-refugees-in-moldova-still-in-limbo-as-they-wait-to-go-home-18606690/.
35. ↑ "Moldova takes back control of Chisinau Airport – minister" (in en). 23 November 2022. https://seenews.com/news/moldova-takes-back-control-of-chisinau-airport-minister-805816.
36. ↑ Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (2023-04-19). "New Dutch embassy shows Dutch support for Moldova's future EU membership – News item – Government.nl" (in nl-NL). https://www.government.nl/latest/news/2023/04/19/new-dutch-embassy-in-moldova.
37. ↑ Vilcu, Irina; Timu, Andra (2023-05-21). "Moldovans Rally to Support EU Entry, Shift Away From Russia" (in en). Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-05-21/moldovans-rally-to-support-eu-entry-shift-away-from-russia.
38. ↑ "Moldova: Tens of thousands gather in pro-EU rally – DW – 05/22/2023" (in en). https://www.dw.com/en/moldova-tens-of-thousands-gather-in-pro-eu-rally/a-65693417.
39. ↑ Tanas, Alexander (2023-05-21). "Pro-government rally in Moldovan capital draws tens of thousands" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/pro-government-rally-moldovan-capital-draws-tens-thousands-2023-05-21/.
40. ↑ Irish, John (2023-05-30). "European leaders head to Moldova for symbolic summit on Ukraine's doorstep" (in en). Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/european-leaders-head-moldova-symbolic-summit-ukraines-doorstep-2023-05-30/.
41. ↑ Timu, Andra; Vilcu, Irina (2023-06-01). "Zelenskiy Visits Summit in Moldova as European Leaders Meet" (in en). Bloomberg News. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-01/zelenskiy-visits-summit-in-moldova.
42. ↑ Casert, Raf; Spike, Justin; Heintz, Jim (2023-05-31). "EU aspirant Moldova prepares to host major international summit" (in en). https://apnews.com/article/moldova-european-summit-bulboaca-af8c00a1b860b77453732cbf092369b7.
43. ↑ "Климат Кишинева (Climate of Chișinău)" (in ru). Погода и климат. http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/33815.htm.
44. ↑ "Chisinau Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Moldova/CSV/Chisinau_33815.csv.
45. ↑ "Ion Ceban – portrait of candidate for mayor of Chisinau". 2023-10-21. https://www.ipn.md/en/ion-ceban-portrait-of-candidate-for-mayor-of-chisinau-8012_1100240.html.
46. ↑ "Alegeri locale din 2023 în municipiul Chișinău" (in ro). https://alegeri.md/w/Alegeri_locale_din_2023_în_municipiul_Chișinău.
47. ↑ Moldovan Law 764-XV from 27 December 2001, Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova, no. 16/53, 29 December 2001
48. ↑ Cite error: Invalid `<ref>` tag; no text was provided for refs named `comune`
49. ↑ Moldovan Law 431-XIII from 19 April 1995 , Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova, no. 31-32/340, 9 June 1995 Script error: The function "in_lang" does not exist.
50. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 "CHIŞINĂU ÎN CIFRE : ANUAR STATISTIC". http://www.statistica.md/public/files/publicatii_electronice/Chisinau/Anuar_Chisinau_2013.pdf.
51. ↑ "Sneaking into an Abandoned Soviet Circus in Moldova". Ex Utopia. 25 November 2013. https://www.exutopia.com/urban-exploration-abandoned-soviet-circus/.
52. ↑ "Chișinău în cifre. Anuar statistic 2018 – p. 10". National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova. https://statistica.gov.md/public/files/publicatii_electronice/Chisinau/Chisinau_in_cifre_2018.pdf.
53. ↑ "Evoluţia demografică a oraşelor basarabene în prima jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea". http://www.bessarabia.ru/demografic.htm.
54. ↑ "Jewish Population in Bessarabia and Transnistria – Geographical". http://www.jewishgen.org/bessarabia/files/projects/3GeographicalDictionary/JewishPopulationinBessarabia.htm.
55. ↑ [1]
56. ↑ [2]
57. ↑ [3]
58. ↑ [4]
59. ↑ [5]
60. ↑ National Bureau of Statistics: Final results of the Census 2024
61. ↑ [6]
62. ↑ [7]
63. ↑ [8]
64. ↑ Census 2024
65. ↑ "Recensământul Populației și Locuințelor" (in ro). 2025-03-20. https://statistica.gov.md/ro/statistic_indicator_details/56.
66. ↑ "National Museum Of Ethnography And Natural History" (in en-US). https://www.visit.md/en/tour/national-museum-of-ethnography-and-natural-history/.
67. ↑ "National Museum of Ethnography & Natural History | Chişinău, Moldova | Attractions" (in en). https://www.lonelyplanet.com/moldova/chisinau/attractions/national-museum-of-ethnography-natural-history/a/poi-sig/447455/360144.
68. ↑ "National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History registered in Smart Guide plaform" (in en). https://www.moldpres.md/en/news/2022/12/21/22009795.
69. ↑ "National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History in Chisinau, Moldova" (in en). https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/national-museum-of-ethnography-and-natural-history-9970.html.
70. ↑ "National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History – HiMoldova". https://www.himoldova.md/en/md/national-museum-of-ethnography-and-natural-history/.
71. ↑ "National Library of Moldova". National Library of Moldova. 2022. http://bnrm.md/.
72. ↑ "Moldova's 'National Wine Day'". 2013-10-08. http://www.rferl.org/media/photogallery/moldova-national-wine-day/25130047.html.
73. ↑ "National Wine Day in Chisinau". http://moldova-online.travel/2013/09/national-wine-day-in-chisinau/.
74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 "On the trail of Moldovan wine" (in en). 2018-09-13. https://www.euronews.com/green/2018/09/13/on-the-trail-of-moldovan-wine.
75. ↑ Frost, Maisha (2019-08-15). "MOLDOVA: wine, passion, ancient wonders and stranger things" (in en). https://www.express.co.uk/travel/shortbreaks/1163422/moldova-travel-europe-ussr-transnistria.
76. ↑ "Teleradio Moldova". http://www.ianiro.com/NEWS_HOME/installazioni/ipna-moldavia_ENG.html.
77. ↑ "Monitoring of programs on Radio Moldova and TV Moldova 1". Independent Journalism Center. Chișinău. 2004. http://www.ijc.md/en/about/Raport_septembrie_eng.pdf.
78. ↑ "Air Moldova :: Contacts". http://www.airmoldova.md/headofice-en/.
79. ↑ "Numărul de troleibuze şi autobuze care vor circula în Chișinău a fost majorat – #diez". September 2016. http://diez.md/2016/09/01/numarul-de-troleibuze-si-autobuze-care-vor-circula-chisinau-fost-majorat/.
80. ↑ "Chisinau." Chisinau Infos. World Infos, n.d. Web. 9 November 2016.
81. ↑ "Numărul microbuzelor care circulă pe itinerarele din capitală s-a micșorat cu 600 de unități". Moldpres. 2017-09-25. http://www.moldpres.md/news/2017/09/25/17007341.
82. ↑ "2024 Socca EuroCup – Moldova – Socca". https://soccafederation.com/competition/2024-socca-eurocup-moldova/.
83. ↑ "Orașe înfrățite" (in ro). Chișinău. https://www.chisinau.md/tabview.php?l=ro&idc=526.
84. ↑ "Chișinău și Suceava – orașe înfrățite. Consiliul Municipal Chișinău a votat, cu majoritatea voturilor, acordul de înfrăți între cele două municipii" (in ro). TV8. 2021-11-23. https://tv8.md/2021/11/23/chisinau-si-suceava-orase-infratite-consiliul-municipal-chisinau-a-votat-cu-majoritatea-voturilor-acordul-de-infrati-intre-cele-doua-municipii/.

## Further reading

* Weiner, Miriam; Ukrainian State Archives (in cooperation with); Moldovan State Archives (in cooperation with) (1999). "Town Clips: Kishinev." Jewish Roots in Ukraine and Moldova: Pages from the Past and Archival Inventories . Secaucus, NJ: Miriam Weiner Routes to Roots Foundation. p. 364-371. ISBY 978-0-96-565081-6. OCLC 607423469.

* Hamm, Michael F. (March 1998). "Kishinev: The character and development of a Tsarist Frontier Town". Nationalities Papers 26 (1): 19–37. doi:10.1080/00905999808408548.

## External links

* Official website
* Map of Chișinău[Usurped!]
* Template:JewishGen-LocalityPage
* Chisinau online camera
* Kishinev/Chisinau (pp. 364–371) at Miriam Weiner's Routes to Roots Foundation

Template:Municipality of Chișinău, Moldova Template:AdminCitiesMoldova Template:Administrative divisions of Moldova

* v
* t
* e

Capitals of Europe

Capitals of dependent territories and states whose sovereignty is disputed shown in italics.

Sovereign states|

* Amsterdam, Netherlands1
* Andorra la Vella, Andorra
* Ankara, Turkey2
* Astana, Kazakhstan2
* Athens, Greece
* Baku, Azerbaijan2
* Belgrade, Serbia
* Berlin, Germany
* Bern, Switzerland
* Bratislava, Slovakia
* Brussels, Belgium3
* Bucharest, Romania
* Budapest, Hungary
* Chișinău, Moldova
* Copenhagen, Denmark
* Dublin, Ireland
* Helsinki, Finland
* Kyiv, Ukraine
* Lisbon, Portugal
* Ljubljana, Slovenia
* London, United Kingdom
* Luxembourg, Luxembourg
* Madrid, Spain
* Minsk, Belarus
* Monaco4
* Moscow, Russia
* Nicosia, Cyprus2
* Oslo, Norway
* Paris, France
* Podgorica, Montenegro
* Prague, Czech Republic
* Reykjavík, Iceland
* Riga, Latvia
* Rome, Italy
* San Marino, San Marino
* Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Skopje, North Macedonia
* Sofia, Bulgaria
* Stockholm, Sweden
* Tallinn, Estonia
* Tbilisi, Georgia2
* Tirana, Albania
* Vaduz, Liechtenstein
* Valletta, Malta
* Vatican City4
* Vienna, Austria
* Vilnius, Lithuania
* Warsaw, Poland
* Yerevan, Armenia2
* Zagreb, Croatia

States with
limited recognition|

* North Nicosia, Northern Cyprus2
* Pristina, Kosovo
* Sokhumi, Abkhazia2
* Tiraspol, Transnistria
* Tskhinvali, South Ossetia2

Dependencies|

| United Kingdom|

| Constituent countries|

* London, England
* Edinburgh, Scotland
* Cardiff, Wales
* Belfast, Northern Ireland

|

Crown Dependencies and
Overseas Territories|

* Douglas, Isle of Man
* Episkopi Cantonment, Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* Gibraltar, Gibraltar
* St Helier, Jersey
* Saint Peter Port, Guernsey

Other|

* Longyearbyen, Svalbard (Norway)
* Tórshavn, Faroe Islands (Denmark)

Federal states|

| Austria|

* Bregenz, Vorarlberg
* Eisenstadt, Burgenland
* Graz, Styria
* Innsbruck, Tyrol
* Klagenfurt, Carinthia
* Linz, Upper Austria
* Salzburg, Salzburg
* Sankt Pölten, Lower Austria
* Vienna, Vienna

|

Belgium|

| Communities|

* Brussels, Flemish Community and French Community
* Eupen, German-speaking Community

|

Regions|

* Brussels, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders
* Namur, Wallonia

Bosnia and Herzegovina|

* Banja Luka (de facto), Republika Srpska
* Brčko, Brčko District
* Sarajevo, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Germany|

* Berlin, Berlin
* Bremen, Bremen
* Dresden, Saxony
* Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia
* Erfurt, Thuringia
* Hamburg, Hamburg
* Hanover, Lower Saxony
* Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein
* Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt
* Mainz, Rhineland-Palatinate
* Munich, Bavaria
* Potsdam, Brandenburg
* Saarbrücken, Saarland
* Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
* Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg
* Wiesbaden, Hesse

Russia|

| Republics|

* Cheboksary, Chuvashia
* Cherkessk, Karachay-Cherkessia
* Elista, Kalmykia
* Grozny, Chechnya
* Izhevsk, Udmurtia
* Kazan, Tatarstan
* Magas, Ingushetia
* Makhachkala, Dagestan
* Maykop, Adygea
* Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkaria
* Petrozavodsk, Karelia
* Saransk, Mordovia
* Simferopol, Crimea (disputed)
* Syktyvkar, Komi
* Ufa, Bashkortostan
* Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania
* Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El

|

Autonomous okrugs|

* Naryan-Mar, Nenets

Krais|

* Krasnodar, Krasnodar Krai
* Perm, Perm Krai
* Stavropol, Stavropol Krai

Oblasts|

* Arkhangelsk, Arkhangelsk Oblast
* Astrakhan, Astrakhan Oblast
* Belgorod, Belgorod Oblast
* Bryansk, Bryansk Oblast
* Ivanovo, Ivanovo Oblast
* Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast
* Kaluga, Kaluga Oblast
* Kirov, Kirov Oblast
* Kostroma, Kostroma Oblast
* Krasnogorsk and Moscow, Moscow Oblast (de facto)
* Kursk, Kursk Oblast
* Lipetsk, Lipetsk Oblast
* Murmansk, Murmansk Oblast
* Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
* Orenburg, Orenburg Oblast
* Oryol, Oryol Oblast
* Penza, Penza Oblast
* Pskov, Pskov Oblast
* Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Oblast
* Ryazan, Ryazan Oblast
* Gatchina, Leningrad Oblast
* Samara, Samara Oblast
* Saratov, Saratov Oblast
* Smolensk, Smolensk Oblast
* Tambov, Tambov Oblast
* Tula, Tula Oblast
* Tver, Tver Oblast
* Ulyanovsk, Ulyanovsk Oblast
* Veliky Novgorod, Novgorod Oblast
* Vladimir, Vladimir Oblast
* Volgograd, Volgograd Oblast
* Vologda, Vologda Oblast
* Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast
* Yaroslavl, Yaroslavl Oblast

Federal cities|

* Moscow
* Saint Petersburg
* Sevastopol (disputed)

Switzerland|

* Aarau, Aargau
* Altdorf, Uri
* Appenzell, Appenzell Innerrhoden
* Basel, Basel-Stadt
* Bellinzona, Ticino
* Chur, Grisons
* Delémont, Jura
* Frauenfeld, Thurgau
* Fribourg, Canton of Fribourg
* Geneva, Canton of Geneva
* Herisau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden
* Lausanne, Vaud
* Liestal, Basel-Landschaft
* Lucerne, Canton of Lucerne
* Neuchâtel, Canton of Neuchâtel
* Sarnen, Obwalden
* Schaffhausen, Canton of Schaffhausen
* Schwyz, Canton of Schwyz
* Sion, Valais
* Solothurn, Canton of Solothurn
* Stans, Nidwalden
* St. Gallen, Canton of St. Gallen
* Glarus, Canton of Glarus
* Zug, Canton of Zug
* Zurich, Canton of Zürich

Autonomous
entities|

| Italy|

| Autonomous regions|

* Cagliari, Sardinia
* Palermo, Sicily
* Trento, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
* Aosta, Aosta Valley
* Trieste, Friuli Venezia Giulia

|

Portugal|

| Autonomous regions|

* Ponta Delgada, Angra do Heroísmo, & Horta, Azores
* Funchal, Madeira

|

Spain|

* Barcelona, Catalonia
* Las Palmas & Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands
* Logroño, La Rioja
* Madrid, Community of Madrid
* Mérida, Extremadura
* Murcia, Region of Murcia
* Oviedo, Asturias
* Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands
* Pamplona, Navarre
* Santander, Cantabria
* Santiago de Compostela, Galicia
* Seville, Andalusia
* Toledo, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)
* Valencia, Valencian Community
* Valladolid, Castile and León (de facto)
* Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country (de facto)
* Zaragoza, Aragon

Other|

* Ajaccio, Corsica Collectivité (France)
* Batumi, Adjara (Georgia)
* Comrat, Gagauzia (Moldova)
* Karyes, Mount Athos (Greece)
* Mariehamn, Åland Islands (Finland)
* Nakhchivan, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)
* Novi Sad, Vojvodina (Serbia)
* Simferopol, Crimea (Ukraine)

* 1 Also the capital of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
* 2 Continental placement may vary depending on geographic convention being followed
* 3 Also the seat of the European Union, see Institutional seats of the European Union and Brussels and the European Union
* 4 A city-state

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