Finno-Ugric countries

Short description: Nations of Finland, Estonia and Hungary

The Finno-Ugric countries are the three independent nation states with a national majority that speaks a Finno-Ugric language: Finland and Estonia, which are inhabited by Baltic Finnic peoples, and Hungary, which is majority Magyar.[1] The three countries are represented in the Finno-Ugric Congress.[2][3] They work together in funding research on Finno-Ugric topics and in protecting the minority rights of other Finno-Ugric-speaking nations that do not occupy sovereign states; collectively these have been called Fenno-Ugria.[4]

## Contents

* 1 Modern entities
* 1.1 Independent sovereign states
* 1.1.1 Balto-Finnic
* 1.1.2 Ugric
* 1.2 Countries where Finno-Ugric languages have official or co-official status
* 1.2.1 Saami
* 1.2.2 Ugric
* 1.2.3 Permic
* 1.2.4 Volgaic
* 1.3 Provinces and autonomous regions without official or co-official status
* 2 Historical states and dynasties
* 2.1 Hungarian states
* 2.2 Post-World War I states
* 2.2.1 Autonomous regions
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Modern entities

### Independent sovereign states

#### Balto-Finnic

Name | Capital | Founded

|
|

Finland  | Helsinki | 6 December 1917
Estonia  | Tallinn | 24 February 1918

#### Ugric

Name | Capital | Founded

|
|

Hungary  | Budapest | c. 895

### Countries where Finno-Ugric languages have official or co-official status

#### Saami

Name | Capital | Language(s)

|
|

Finland:  Sámi homeland  | Sajos  | Sami
Norway  | Oslo | Sami and Kven
Sweden  | Stockholm | Finnish, Meänkieli and Sami

The recently extinct Livonian language has special though unofficial status in  Latvia.

#### Ugric

Name | Capital | Language(s)

|
|

Romania  | Localities with populations over 20% ethnic Hungarian (all in Transylvania)  | Hungarian
Serbia: Template:Country data Vojvodina | Novi Sad  | Hungarian

#### Permic

Name | Capital | Language(s)

|
|

Russia: Template:Country data Komi | Syktyvkar  | Komi
Russia:  Udmurtia  | Izhevsk  | Udmurt

#### Volgaic

Name | Capital | Language(s)

|
|

Russia:  Mari El  | Yoshkar-Ola  | Meadow Mari, Hill Mari
Russia:  Mordovia  | Saransk  | Erzya, Moksha

### Provinces and autonomous regions without official or co-official status

Country | Region  | Language(s) | Administrative center | Founded

|
|
|
|

Austria  | Template:Country data Burgenland | Hungarian | Eisenstadt | 1921
Norway  | Template:Country data Finnmark | Northern Sami | Vadsø  | 1576
Template:Country data Troms | Northern Sami | Tromsø  | 1866
Template:Country data Nordland | Sami | Bodø  | 17th century
Template:Country data Trøndelag | Southern Sami | Trondheim | 1687
Russia  | Template:Country data Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug | Khanty, Mansi | Khanty-Mansiysk  | 10 December 1930
Template:Country data Perm Krai | Komi-Permyak | Perm | 1 December 2005
Karelia Republic  | Karelian, Vepsian, Finnish | Petrozavodsk  | 16 July 1956
Slovenia  | Prekmurje  | Hungarian | Murska Sobota  | Unknown
Sweden  |  Norrbotten County  | Meänkieli, Sami | Luleå  | 1810
Ukraine  |  Mukacheve Raion  | Hungarian | Mukacheve  | 9 November 1953

## Historical states and dynasties

### Hungarian states

Name | Year(s) | Capital | Map

|
|
|

Hétmagyar confederation  | 9th century  | Unknown |
Principality of Hungary | 895–1000  | Esztergom and Székesfehérvár  |
Árpád Kingdom | 1000–1301  | Esztergom and Székesfehérvár  |
Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526) | 1301–1526  | Esztergom, Székesfehérvár and Buda  |
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom
(vassal under  Ottoman Empire) | 1526–1551
1556–1570  | Buda (1526–41)
Lippa (1541–42)
Gyulafehérvár (1542–70) |
Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
(since 1804 crownland of the  Austrian Empire) | 1526–1867  | Buda (1526–1536, 1784–1873)
Pressburg (1536–1783) |
Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)
(vassal under  Ottoman Empire) | 1570–1711  | Gyulafehérvár (1570–1692)
Nagyszeben (1692–1711) |
Principality of Upper Hungary
(vassal under  Ottoman Empire) | 1682–1685  | Kassa  |
Grand Principality of Transylvania
(since 1804 part of the  Austrian Empire) | 1711–1867  | Nagyszeben (1711–1791, 1848–1861)
Kolozsvár (1791–1848, 1861–1867) |
Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen
(part of  Austria-Hungary) | 1867–1918  | Budapest |

Note: some of these countries, while not predominantly ethnically Hungarian, were ruled by Hungarians, so they are considered as such here.

### Post-World War I states

Name | Year(s) | Capital | Map

|
|
|

Soviet Republic of Naissaar | 1917–1918  | Obernargen  |
Kingdom of Finland  | 1918–1919  | Helsinki |
Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic  | 1918  | Helsinki |
Estonia (1918–40)  | 1918–40  | Tallinn | Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination
Republic of East Karelia  | 1918–1920  | Uhtua  |
Template:Country data First Hungarian Republic | 1918–1919  | Budapest |
Estonian Worker's Commune  | 1918–1919  | Narva  |
North Ingria  | 1919–1920  | Kirjasalo  |
Template:Country data Hungarian Soviet Republic | 1919  | Budapest | Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination
Template:Country data Hungarian Republic (1919–20) | 1919–1920  | Budapest |
Kingdom of Hungary (1920–46)  | 1920–1946  | Budapest |
Banate of Leitha  | 1921  | Oberwart  |
Finnish Democratic Republic  | 1939–1940  | Terijoki  |
Template:Country data Second Hungarian Republic | 1946–1949  | Budapest |
Hungarian People's Republic  | 1949–1989  | Budapest |

#### Autonomous regions

Name | Year(s) | Capital | Map

|
|
|

Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
(under  Russian Republic) | 1917–1918  | Tallinn | Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination
Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union) | 1923–1940
1956–1991  | Petrozavodsk  |
Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union) | 1934–1990  | Saransk  |
Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union) | 1934–1990  | Izhevsk  |
Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union) | 1936–1990  | Syktyvkar  |
Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union) | 1936–1990  | Yoshkar-Ola  |
Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic
(under  Soviet Union) | 1940–1956  | Petrozavodsk  |
Template:Country data Estonian SSR
(under  Soviet Union) | 1940–1991  | Tallinn |
Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
(under  Yugoslavia) | 1944–1992  | Novi Sad  |
Magyar Autonomous Region
(under  Romania) | 1952–1968  | Târgu Mureș  |
Veps National Volost
(under  Russia) | 1994–2004  | Shyoltozero  |

## See also

* World Congress of Finno-Ugric Peoples

## References

1. ↑ Korkut, Umut (21 April 2009). "Eager, Pragmatic or Reluctant: Can Common Finno-Ugric Ethnic and Linguistic Links Substantiate Intra-EU CFSP Co-Operation?". https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1392787.
2. ↑ Ruotsala, Helena (20 February 2018). "X Finno-Ugric Congress in Mari El". Ethnologia Fennica 32: 74–76. https://journal.fi/ethnolfenn/article/view/66270. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
3. ↑ "FennoUgria: World Congresses". http://ftp.eki.ee/index.php?id=10973.
4. ↑ Casen, Marie (30 June 2014). "Udmurt Identity Issues: Core Moments from the Middle Ages to the Present Day". Journal of Ethnology and Folkloristics 8 (1): 91–110. http://www.jef.ee/index.php/journal/article/view/141. Retrieved 20 February 2018.

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