Lausanne

Short description: Capital city of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland

Lausanne

Municipality in Switzerland

From top to bottom; left to right: the Olympic Museum, the Cathedral of Lausanne, the Federal courts of Switzerland, aerial view of the city, and the park of Milan.

Flag

Coat of arms

Lausanne

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Lausanne

Show map of Canton of Vaud

Coordinates:  [ ⚑ ] : Template:Swiss populations data CH-VD) 46°31.19′N 6°38.01′E﻿ / ﻿46.51983°N 6.6335°E﻿ / 46.51983; 6.6335
Country| Switzerland
Canton| Vaud
District| Lausanne
Government

• Executive| Municipalité
with 7 members
• Mayor| Syndic (list)
Grégoire Junod SPS/PSS
(as of 2016)
• Parliament| Conseil communal
with 100 members
Elevation

(Cité)

| 526 m (1,726 ft)
Highest elevation

(Montagne du Château)

| 935 m (3,068 ft)
Lowest elevation

(Lake Léman)

| 372 m (1,220 ft)
Demonym(s)| French: Lausannois(e)
Time zone| UTC+01:00 (Central European Time)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+02:00 (Central European Summer Time)
Postal code(s)|

1000 (in general), 1003–1007, 1010–1012, 1000 Lausanne 25–27, 1052 Le Mont-sur-Lausanne (partly), 1053 Cugy VD (partly), 1032 Crissier (partly), 1032 Romanel-sur-Lausanne (partly), 1033 Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne (partly)

SFOS number| 5586
Localities| Le Chalet-à-Gobet, Montblesson, Montheron, Ouchy, Vernand-Dessous, Vernand-Dessus, Vers-chez-les-Blanc
Surrounded by| Bottens, Bretigny-sur-Morrens, Chavannes-près-Renens, Cheseaux-sur-Lausanne, Crissier, Cugy, Écublens, Épalinges, Évian-les-Bains (FR-74), Froideville, Jouxtens-Mézery, Le Mont-sur-Lausanne, Lugrin (FR-74), Maxilly-sur-Léman (FR-74), Montpreveyres, Morrens, Neuvecelle (FR-74), Prilly, Pully, Renens, Romanel-sur-Lausanne, Saint-Sulpice, Savigny
Website| website missing
Profile (in French), SFSO statistics

Logo of the city of Lausanne

Lausanne (/loʊˈzæn/ loh-ZAN, US also /loʊˈzɑːn/ loh-ZAHN,[1][2][3][4] French: [lɔzan] (listen); Template:Lang-frp Template:IPA-frp)[lower-alpha 1] is the capital and largest city of the Swiss French-speaking canton of Vaud. It is a hilly city situated on the shores of Lake Geneva, about halfway between the Jura Mountains and the Alps, and facing the French town of Évian-les-Bains across the lake. Lausanne is located 62 kilometres (38.5 miles) northeast of Geneva, the nearest major city.[7]

The municipality of Lausanne has a population of about 140,000, making it the fourth largest city in Switzerland after Basel, Geneva, and Zürich, with the entire agglomeration area having about 420,000 inhabitants (as of January 2019).[8] The metropolitan area of Lausanne-Geneva (including Vevey-Montreux, Yverdon-les-Bains, Valais and foreign parts), commonly designated as Arc lémanique was over 1.3 million inhabitants in 2017 and is the fastest growing in Switzerland.[9]

Initially a Celtic and Roman settlement on the shores of the lake, Lausanne became a town at the foot of Notre Dame, a cathedral built in the 12th century. In the 20th century, Lausanne became a focus of international sport, hosting the International Olympic Committee (which has recognized the city as the "Olympic Capital" since 1994),[10] the Court of Arbitration for Sport and some 55 international sport associations.[11] It lies in a noted wine-growing region. The city has a 28-station metro system, making it the smallest city in the world to have a rapid transit system.[12] Lausanne hosted the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics.[13]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Modern history and heritage
* 2 Geography
* 2.1 Topography
* 2.2 Climate
* 3 Politics
* 3.1 Coat of arms
* 3.2 Administrative divisions
* 3.3 Government
* 3.4 Parliament
* 3.5 Elections
* 3.5.1 National Council
* 3.6 Twin towns and sister cities
* 4 Demographics
* 4.1 Population
* 4.2 Historic population
* 4.3 Religion
* 4.4 Crime
* 5 Transport
* 6 Economy
* 7 Education
* 7.1 Libraries
* 7.2 Tertiary education
* 7.3 Primary and secondary schools
* 8 Culture and arts
* 8.1 Heritage sites of national significance
* 8.2 Culture
* 8.3 Monuments
* 8.4 Museums
* 8.5 Art galleries
* 8.5.1 Main contemporary art galleries
* 8.5.2 Art centers or artist-run galleries
* 8.6 Music
* 9 Sports
* 10 International relations
* 11 Notable people
* 11.1 Public service, the military and the church
* 11.2 Science and architecture
* 11.3 Writing
* 11.4 Acting
* 11.5 Painting
* 11.6 Music and dancing
* 11.7 Royalty, nobility, and the landed gentry
* 11.8 Business
* 11.9 Sport
* 11.10 Unwelcome notables
* 12 See also
* 13 Notes
* 14 References
* 15 Bibliography
* 16 External links

## History

The Romans built a military camp, which they called Lousanna, at the site of a Celtic settlement, near the lake where Vidy and Ouchy are situated; on the hill above was a fort called Lausodunon or Lousodunon (The "-y" suffix is common to many place names of Roman origin in the region (e.g.) Prilly, Pully, Lutry, etc.).[6] By the 2nd century AD, it was known as vikanor[um] Lousonnensium and in 280 as lacu Lausonio. By 400, it was civitas Lausanna, and in 990 it was mentioned as Losanna.[6]

Saint-François Square, c. 1840

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, insecurity forced the residents of Lausanne to move to its current centre, a hilly site that was easier to defend. The city which emerged from the camp was ruled by the Counts of Savoy and the Bishop of Lausanne.

From 888 to 1032, the initially relatively small town belonged to the kingdom of Upper Burgundy. During the 11th century, Lausanne developed into a political, economic and religious center. The city became the center of the secular rule of the bishops. In the period that followed, especially in the 12th and 13th centuries, Lausanne flourished. Finally, in 1275, the Lausanne Cathedral was consecrated in the presence of Pope Gregory X and King Rudolf I of Germany.

It was invaded by forces from the canton of Bern and remained under their domination from 1536 to 1798. The iconoclastic Bernese stripped the Lausanne cathedral of its Roman Catholic trappings, and a number of its cultural treasures, including the hanging tapestries in the cathedral, were permanently removed.[14] Lausanne has made repeated requests to recover them, but they never were returned.

After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, Lausanne became (along with Geneva) a place of refuge for French Huguenots. In 1729, a seminary was opened by Antoine Court and Benjamin Duplan. By 1750, 90 pastors had been sent back to France to work clandestinely; this number would rise to 400. Official persecution ended in 1787; a faculty of Protestant theology was established at Montauban in 1808, and the Lausanne seminary was finally closed on 18 April 1812.[15] During the Napoleonic Wars, the city's status changed. In 1803, it became the capital of a newly formed Swiss canton of Vaud under which it joined the Swiss Federation.[6]

### Modern history and heritage

In 1923, the city was the venue for the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne, which established the modern Turkish Republic. In 1964, the city played host to the Swiss National Exhibition,[16] displaying its newly found confidence to play host to major international events.

From the 1950s to 1970s, a large number of Italians, Spaniards and Portuguese immigrated to Lausanne, settling mostly in the industrial suburb of Renens.

The city has served as a refuge for European artists. While under the care of a psychiatrist at Lausanne, T. S. Eliot composed most of his 1922 poem The Waste Land ("by the waters of Leman I sat down and wept").[17] Ernest Hemingway also visited from Paris with his wife during the 1920s, to holiday. In fact, many creative people – such as historian Edward Gibbon and Romantic era poets Shelley and Byron — have sojourned, lived, and worked in Lausanne or nearby.[18]

The city has been traditionally quiet, but in the late 1960s and early 1970s, a series of demonstrations took place that exposed tensions between young people and the police. In the early 1980s, the Lôzane Bouge protests demanded the city "open an autonomous centre, lower cinema ticket prices, liberalise cannabis and end the process of keeping records on homosexuals, all accompanied by leaflets, chants, and songs in the street".[19] Protests occurred in 2003, against the G8 meetings.[20]

In June of 2022, Lausanne launched Plateforme 10, an art district comprising three museums. The trio of museums included Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts (MCBA), Photo Elysée, and the Museum of Contemporary Design and Applied Arts (MUDAC).[21] [22]

## Geography

### Topography

The agglomeration of Lausanne, Lake Geneva and the Alps.

The most important geographical feature of the area surrounding Lausanne is Lake Geneva (Le Léman in French). Lausanne is built on the southern slope of the Swiss plateau, with a difference in elevation of about 500 metres (1,640 ft) between the lakeshore at Ouchy and its northern edge bordering Le Mont-sur-Lausanne and Épalinges. Lausanne boasts a dramatic panorama over the lake and the Swiss and Savoyan Alps.

In addition to its generally southward-sloping layout, the centre of the city is the site of an ancient river, the Flon, which has been covered since the 19th century. The former river forms a gorge running through the middle of the city south of the old city centre, generally following the course of the present Rue Centrale, with several bridges crossing the depression to connect the adjacent neighbourhoods. Due to the considerable differences in elevation, tourists should make a note as to which plane of elevation they are on and where they want to go, otherwise they will find themselves tens of metres below or above the street in which they are trying to go. The name Flon is also used for the metro station located in the gorge.

The municipality includes the villages of Vidy, Cour, Ouchy, Mornex, Chailly, La Sallaz, Vennes, Montblesson, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, Montheron and Chalet-à-Gobet (871 m (2,858 ft)) as well as the exclave of Vernand.

Lausanne is located at the limit between the extensive wine-growing regions of Lavaux (to the east) and la Côte (to the west).

Lausanne has an area, (As of 2012-2014), of 41.38–41.37 square kilometers (15.98–15.97 sq mi) (depending on calculation method). Of this area, 6.22 km2 (2.40 sq mi) or 15.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 16.06 km2 (6.20 sq mi) or 38.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 19.00 km2 (7.34 sq mi) or 45.9% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.08 km2 (20 acres) or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and 0.01 km2 (2.5 acres) or 0.0% is unproductive land.[23]

Of the built-up area, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 22.8% and transportation infrastructure made up 12.4%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 1.6% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 7.4%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 9.4% is used for growing crops and 4.9% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is in lakes and streams.[23]

The municipality was part of the old Lausanne District until it was dissolved on 31 August 2006, and it became the capital of the new district of Lausanne.[24]

### Climate

Lausanne has an average of 119.7 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 1,153 mm (45.4 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is May during which time Lausanne receives an average of 117 mm (4.6 in) of rain. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 12.1 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 67 mm (2.6 in) of precipitation over 8.8 days.[25] The USDA Hardiness Zone for Lausanne-Pully is 8b with an average minimum temperature of −7.0 C over the past 20 years (1997–2016).[26]

* Spring

* Summer

* Autumn

* Winter

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## Politics

### Coat of arms

The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules, chief argent.[29]

### Administrative divisions

The city is divided into 18 quartiers, or districts, sometimes composed of several neighborhoods. They are: Centre (1), Maupas/Valency (2), Sébeillon/Malley (3), Montoie/Bourdonnette (4), Montriond/Cour (5), Sous-Gare/Ouchy (6), Montchoisi (7), Florimont/Chissiez (8), Mousquines/Bellevue (9), Vallon/Béthusy (10), Chailly/Rovéréaz (11), Sallaz/Vennes/Séchaud (12), Sauvabelin (13), Borde/Bellevaux (14), Vinet/Pontaise (15), Bossons/Blécherette (16), Beaulieu/Grey/Boisy (17), and Les Zones foraines (90).

### Government

The municipality (la Municipalité) constitutes the executive government of the City of Lausanne and operates as a collegiate authority. It is composed of seven councilors (French: conseiller municipal/conseillère municipale), each presiding over a directorate. One of the members act as mayor (syndic). In the mandate period 2021–2026 (la législature) the Municipality is presided by le Syndic Grégoire Junod. Directoral tasks, coordination measures and implementation of laws decreed by the Communal Council are carried by the Municipality. The regular election of the Municipality by any inhabitant valid to vote is held every five years. Any resident of Lausanne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Municipality. Since 14 April 2003, due to the constitution by canton of Vaud not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with a residence permit of at least 10 years in Switzerland and 3 years in the canton of Vaud.[30] The current mandate period is from 1 Jue 2021 to 30 May 2026\. The delegates are elected by means of a system of Majorz. The mayor is later on elected as such by a public election as well by a system of Majorz, while the heads of the other departments are assigned by the collegiate. The executive body holds its meetings in the Town Hall (L'Hôtel de Ville), in the old city on Place de la Palud.[31]

(As of 2021), Lausanne's Municipality is made up of three representatives of the PS (Social Democratic Party, of whom one is also the mayor), and two members of PES (Green Party), and one each of le Parti Ouvrier et Populaire Vaudois (POP), and PLR (Les Libéraux-Radicaux (PLR)), giving the left parties a very strong six out of seven seats. The last regular election was held on 7 and 28 March 2021.[32][33]

La Municipalité of Lausanne for the mandate period 2021–2026[32] Councilor
(conseiller municipal/ conseillère municipale) | Party | Directorate (Direction de(s), since) of | elected since

|
|
|

Grégoire Junod[CM 1] | <span style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;"> PS | Culture and Urban Development (Culture et dévelopment urbain, 2016) | 2011
Pierre-Antoine Hildbrand | <span style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;"> PLR | Security and Economy (Sécurité et économie, 2016) | 2016
Émilie Moeschler | <span style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;"> PS | Sports and Social Cohesion (Sports et cohésion sociale, 2021) | 2021
Natacha Litzistorf[CM 2] | <span style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;"> PES | Housing, Environmental Development, and Building/Architecture (Logement, environnement et architecture, 2016) | 2016
David Payot | <span style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;"> POP | Childhood, Youth, and Quarters (Enfance, jeunesse et quartiers, 2016) | 2016
Florence Germond | <span style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;"> PS | Finances and Mobility (Finances et mobilité, 2011) | 2011
Xavier Company | <span style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:; border:1px solid darkgray; text-align:center;"> PES | Industrial Services (Services industriels, 2021) | 2021

1. ↑ Mayor (Syndic)
2. ↑ Vice-Mayor (Vice-syndique) 2022

Simon Affolter is Town Chancellor (chancelier municipal) since and Patrizia Marzullo Darbellay is Deputy Town Chancellor since for the Municipality.

### Parliament

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Le Conseil communal of Lausanne for the mandate period of 2021–2026

Ensemble à Gauche (POP, Sol, indépedant.e.s) (13%)

<span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:;"> PS (29%)

<span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:;"> Les Verts (PES) (24%)

<span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:;"> pvl) (6%)

<span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:;"> PLR (21%)

<span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Script error: No such module "Political party".; color:;"> UDC (7%)

The Communal Council (Conseil communal) holds legislative power. It is made up of 100 members, with elections held every five years. The Communal Council decrees regulations and by-laws that are executed by the Municipality and the administration. The sessions of the Communal Council are public. Unlike members of the Municipality, members of the Communal Council are not politicians by profession, and they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Lausanne allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the Communal Council. Since 14 April 2003, due to the constitution by canton of Vaud not only Swiss citizen have the right to vote and elect and being elected on communal level, but also foreigners with a residence permit of at least 10 years in Switzerland and 3 years in the canton of Vaud.[30] The Parliament holds its meetings in the Town Hall (Hôtel de Ville), in the old city on Place de la Palud.[34]

The last election of the Communal Council was held on 7 March 2021 for the mandate period (la législature) from 1 June 2021 to 31 May 2026. As of this election the Communal Council consist of 29 (-4) members of the Social Democratic Party (PS), 24 (+7) Green Party (PES), 21 (0) Les Libéraux-Radicaux (PLR), 13 (+2) Ensemble à Gauche (an alliance of the left parties POP (Parti Suisse du Travail – Parti Ouvrier et Populaire) and solidaritéS and indépendant.e.s), 7 (-5) Swiss People's Party (UDC), and 6 (0) members of the Green Liberal Party (pvl)).[35][33]

### Elections

#### National Council

In the 2019 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the Green Party which received 27.3% (+11.4) of the vote. The next five most popular parties were the PS (26.7%, -4.2), PLR (15.1%, -3.6), the UDC (9.3%, -6), the POP/solidaritéS (9%, +1.9), the pvl (6.9%, +3.4).[36] In the federal election a total of 26,070 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 39.7%.[37]

In the 2015 federal election for the Swiss National Council the most popular party was the PS which received 30.8% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the PLR (18.7%), the Green Party (15.9%), and the UDC (15.4%). In the federal election, a total of 26,116 voters were cast, and the voter turnout was 41.0%.[38]

### Twin towns and sister cities

* Akhisar, Turkey[39][40]
* Osijek, Croatia[39][40]
* Pernik, Bulgaria[39][40]

## Demographics

### Population

Largest groups of foreign residents 2013[41]

Nationality | Number | % total
(foreigners)
Portugal | 10,081 | 7.2 (17.2)
France | 9,968 | 7.2 (17.0)
Italy | 6,326 | 4.5 (10.8)
Spain | 4,558 | 3.3 (7.8)
Kosovo | 2,318 | 1.7 (4.0)
Germany | 1,377 | 1.0 (2.4)
Turkey | 934 | 0.7 (1.6)
United Kingdom | 859 | 0.6 (1.5)
Brazil | 840 | 0.6 (1.4)
Ecuador | 828 | 0.6 (1.4)

Lausanne has a population ((As of Template:Swiss populations data CH-VD)) of Template:Swiss populations data CH-VD.Template:Swiss populations data CH-VD (As of 2013), 42% of the population were resident foreign nationals.[41] Over the last 10 years (1999–2009) the population has changed at a rate of 9.9%. It has changed at a rate of 8.3% due to migration and at a rate of 2.6% due to births and deaths.[42] The population of the greater Lausanne area (grand Lausanne) is 402,900 (as of December 2014).[8]

Of the population in the municipality, 58% or 80,828 have a Swiss citizenship, while 16,908 or 12.1% are from Lausanne and still lived there in December 2013. There were 27,653 or 19.8% who are from somewhere else in the same canton, while 36,276 or 26.0% have a Swiss citizenship in another canton. 58,9562 or 42.0% have a foreign citizenship.[43]

In 2000, most of the population spoke French (98,424 or 78.8%), with German being second most common (5,365 or 4.3%) and Italian being third (4,976 or 4.0%). There were 62 people who speak Romansh.[44]

In (As of 2008) there were 840 live births to Swiss citizens and 623 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 862 deaths of Swiss citizens and 127 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 22 while the foreign population increased by 496. There were 9 Swiss men and 57 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 2230 non-Swiss men and 1802 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 883 and the non-Swiss population increased by 2221 people. This represents a population growth rate of 2.6%.[45]

The age distribution, (As of 2009), in Lausanne is; 11,818 children or 9.4% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 12,128 or 9.7% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 21,101 people or 16.8% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 22,158 people or 17.6% are between 30 and 39, 18,016 people or 14.4% are between 40 and 49, and 13,940 people or 11.1% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 11,041 people or 8.8% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 8,277 people or 6.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 5,896 people or 4.7% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 1,171 people or 0.9% who are 90 and older.[46]

View from Rue du Grand-Pont

(As of 2000), there were 58,100 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 48,990 married individuals, 7,797 widows or widowers and 10,027 individuals who are divorced.[44]

(As of 2000) the average number of residents per living room was 0.64 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.61 per room.[42] In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m2 (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics.[47] About 6.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement).[48]

Stairs (escaliers du marché) in the old city.

(As of 2000), there were 62,258 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.9 persons per household.[42] There were 31,205 households that consist of only one person and 2,184 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 63,833 households that answered this question, 48.9% were households made up of just one person and there were 306 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 13,131 married couples without children and 11,603 married couples with children. There were 3,883 single parents with a child or children. There were 2,130 households that were made up of unrelated people, and 1,575 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing.[44]

(As of 2000) there were 1,833 single family homes (or 23.1% of the total) out of a total of 7,925 inhabited buildings. There were 3,634 multi-family buildings (45.9%), along with 1,955 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (24.7%) and 503 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.3%). Of the single family homes 324 were built before 1919, while 153 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (498) were built between 1919 and 1945. The most multi-family homes (933) were built before 1919 and the next most (906) were built between 1919 and 1945. There were 180 multi-family houses built between 1996 and 2000.[49]

(As of 2000) there were 69,383 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 22,408. There were 9,579 single room apartments and 7,388 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 61,056 apartments (88.0% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 6,840 apartments (9.9%) were seasonally occupied and 1,487 apartments (2.1%) were empty.[49] (As of 2009), the construction rate of new housing units was 2.1 new units per 1000 residents.[42]

(As of 2003) the average price to rent an average apartment in Lausanne was 1064.08 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$850, £480, €680 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 597.46 CHF (US$480, £270, €380), a two-room apartment was about 792.33 CHF (US$630, £360, €510), a three-room apartment was about 1044.64 CHF (US$840, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2024.55 CHF (US$1620, £910, €1300). The average apartment price in Lausanne was 95.3% of the national average of 1116 CHF.[50] The vacancy rate for the municipality, (As of 2010), was 0.17%.[42]

### Historic population

The historical population is given in the following chart:[6] <timeline> Colors=

id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9)
id:darkgrey  value:gray(0.8)

ImageSize = width:1100 height:500 PlotArea = height:350 left: 100 bottom:90 right:100 Legend = columns:3 left:220 top:70 columnwidth:160 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:140000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:30000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:6000 start:0 Colors=

id:TO     value:yellowgreen      legend:Total
id:FR     value:teal      legend:French_Speaking
id:GE     value:green      legend:German_Speaking
id:CA     value:lightpurple      legend:Catholic
id:PR     value:oceanblue      legend:Protestant
id:SW     value:red      legend:Swiss

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color:yellowgreen width:40   mark:(line,white) align:center
bar:1850 from:start till:17108 text:"17,108" color:TO
bar:1870a from:start till:25845 text:"25,845" color:TO
bar:1888 from:start till:33340 text:"33,340" color:TO
bar:1900 from:start till:46732 text:"46,732" color:TO
bar:1910 from:start till:64446 text:"64,446" color:TO
bar:1930 from:start till:75915 text:"75,915" color:TO
bar:1950 from:start till:106807 text:"106,807" color:TO
bar:1970 from:start till:137383 text:"137,383" color:TO
bar:1990 from:start till:128112 text:"128,112" color:TO
bar:2000 from:start till:124914 text:"124,914" color:TO

LineData =

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points:(500,206)(600,237)  color:FR
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points:(700,311)(800,344)  color:FR
points:(800,344)(900,329)  color:FR
points:(900,329)(1000,336)  color:FR
points:(300,104)(400,107)  color:GE
points:(400,107)(500,114)  color:GE
points:(500,114)(600,118)  color:GE
points:(600,118)(700,121)  color:GE
points:(700,121)(800,120)  color:GE
points:(800,120)(900,107)  color:GE
points:(900,107)(1000,103)  color:GE
points:(100,92)(200,99)  color:CA
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points:(100,130)(200,146)  color:PR
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points:(700,333)(800,356)  color:SW
points:(800,356)(900,312)  color:SW
points:(900,312)(1000,291)  color:SW

</timeline>

Historic population data[6]

Year  | Total population  | French-speaking  | German-speaking  | Catholic  | Protestant  | Other  | Jewish  | Islamic  | No religion given  | Swiss  | Non-Swiss
13th century  | 8,000–9,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1650–1680  | c. 5,100 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1698  | 6,204 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1764  | 7,191 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1798  | over 9,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1813  | c. 13,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1850  | 17,108 |  |  | 970 | 16,101 |  |  |  |  | 16,023 | 1,085
1870  | 25,845 |  |  | 3,527 | 22,596 |  |  |  |  | 22,353 | 4,167
1888  | 33,340 | 25,750 | 5,704 | 4,575 | 28,431 | 1,034 | 184 |  |  | 28,205 | 5,135
1900  | 46,732 | 35,509 | 6,627 | 9,364 | 36,659 | 1,450 | 473 |  |  | 37,231 | 9,501
1910  | 64,446 | 46,293 | 9,669 | 15,597 | 46,166 | 3,167 | 989 |  |  | 48,647 | 15,799
1930  | 75,915 | 58,691 | 11,080 | 16,868 | 56,300 | 2,901 | 818 |  |  | 65,231 | 10,684
1950  | 106,807 | 88,226 | 12,403 | 27,218 | 75,559 | 2,349 | 1,009 |  |  | 97,119 | 9,688
1970  | 137,383 | 101,555 | 11,964 | 54,993 | 75,093 | 11,670 | 1,394 | 669 | 2,056 | 106,229 | 31,154
1990  | 128,112 | 95,455 | 6,799 | 56,464 | 48,496 | 19,103 | 919 | 2,775 | 14,548 | 88,905 | 39,207
2000  | 124,914 | 98,424 | 5,365 | 47,225 | 36,084 | 16,149 | 849 | 7,501 | 21,080 | 80,213 | 44,701

### Religion

From the Reformation in the 16th century, the city was mostly Protestant until the late 20th century, when it received substantial immigration, particularly from largely Catholic countries. Catholics now form a plurality of the city's population. The Jewish community gathers at the Synagogue of Lausanne.

From the (As of 2000), 47,225 people (37.8% of the population) were Roman Catholic, while 33,993 (27.2%) belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 2,698 members of an Orthodox church (2.16%), there were 65 individuals (0.05%) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 4,437 individuals (3.55%) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 849 individuals (0.68%) who were Jewish, and 7,501 (6.00%) who were Muslim. There were 452 individuals who were Buddhist, 772 individuals who were Hindu and 343 individuals who belonged to another church. 21,080 (16.88%) belonged to no church, were agnostic or atheist, and 7,590 individuals (6.08%) did not answer the question.[44]

The Protestant Cathedral of Notre Dame dominates the Lausanne skyline (left: Old Academy, right: Palais de Rumine).

### Crime

In 2014 the crime rate, of crimes listed in the Swiss Criminal Code, in Lausanne was 167.3 per thousand residents. During the same period, the rate of drug crimes was 49.5 per thousand residents, and the rate of violations of immigration, visa and work permit laws was 21 per thousand residents.[51]

## Transport

The Lausanne Metro is a rubber tyre metro system

The Lausanne Tram is completely on reserved track, single line, even underground

Public transport network

Lausanne is served by an extensive network of local, national and international public transport. National and international passenger trains of the Swiss Federal Railways depart from Lausanne railway station, which is also the hub of the RER Vaud commuter rail system, and a stop on the city's metro. The metro and local buses are operated by Transports publics de la région lausannoise (TL), with many routes run using trolleybuses. Additional commuter trains are run by the Lausanne–Echallens–Bercher railway (LEB) from Lausanne-Flon station. Ships across Lake Geneva are provided by the Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman (CGN).

Lausanne became the first city in Switzerland to have a rubber-tyred metro system, with the m2 Line which opened in October 2008. The rolling stock is a shorter version of the one used on Paris Métro Line 14.[52] Further expansion of the system is planned, as is the re-introduction of trams.[53]

Lausanne is connected to the A1 motorway on its west side (Geneva – Zürich axis) and to the A9 on its north and east side (for transit with Italy and France); the interchange between these two motorways is on the north-west side of the city.

Lausanne Airport is located at Blécherette, and also houses a Boeing 737 Simulator.[54] The city is also directly linked by train to the Geneva International Airport, four times an hour, in 42 min.

## Economy

Aerial view of Lausanne (railway station in the centre and Parc de Milan at the bottom).

(As of 2010), Lausanne had an unemployment rate of 8%. (As of 2008), there were 114 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 25 businesses involved in this sector. 6,348 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 698 businesses in this sector. 83,157 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 6,501 businesses in this sector.[42]

There were 59,599 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which women made up 47.4% of the workforce. (As of 2008) the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 75,041. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 93, of which 56 were in agriculture, 34 were in forestry or lumber production and 3 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 6,057 of which 1,515 or (25.0%) were in manufacturing, 24 or (0.4%) were in mining and 3,721 (61.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 68,891. In the tertiary sector; 8,520 or 12.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 2,955 or 4.3% were in the movement and storage of goods, 4,345 or 6.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4,671 or 6.8% were in the information industry, 6,729 or 9.8% were the insurance or financial industry, 8,213 or 11.9% were technical professionals or scientists, 5,756 or 8.4% were in education and 14,312 or 20.8% were in health care.[55]

(As of 2000), there were 55,789 workers who commuted into the municipality and 19,082 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 2.9 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 1.9% of the workforce coming into Lausanne are coming from outside Switzerland, while 0.1% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work.[56] Of the working population, 40.9% used public transportation to get to work, and 35.1% used a private car.[42] Large companies headquartered in Lausanne and its metropolitan area include:

* Banque cantonale vaudoise, banking;
* Bata Corporation, shoe manufacturing;
* Bobst SA, machinery;
* Compangie financière Tradition, financial services;
* CGN, transportation;
* Edipresse, publishing;
* ELCA, IT;
* Eni Suisse SA, oil & gas;
* Kudelski Group, IT;
* Landolt & Cie, banking;
* Logitech, computer peripherals;
* Nespresso, coffee (an operating unit of Nestlé);
* Payot, retail bookstore;
* Philip Morris International, a tobacco company;[57]
* Retraites Populaires, financial services;
* Sophia Genetics, biotechnology;
* Tetra Laval, packaging; and
* Vaudoise Assurances, insurance.

## Education

The École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (photo) and the University of Lausanne form a large campus near the lake Geneva.

In Lausanne about 40,118 or (32.1%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 22,934 or (18.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 22,934 who completed tertiary schooling, 38.7% were Swiss men, 31.3% were Swiss women, 17.1% were non-Swiss men and 12.9% were non-Swiss women.[44]

In the 2009/2010 school year there were a total of 12,244 students in the Lausanne school district. In the Vaud cantonal school system, two years of non-obligatory pre-school are provided by the political districts.[58] During the school year, the political district provided pre-school care for a total of 2,648 children of which 1,947 children (73.5%) received subsidized pre-school care. The canton's primary school program requires students to attend for four years. There were 6,601 students in the municipal primary school program. The obligatory lower secondary school program lasts for six years and there were 5,244 students in those schools. There were also 399 students who were home schooled or attended another non-traditional school.[59]

Lausanne is home to several museums, including the Collection de l'art brut, the Espace Arlaud, the Fondation de l'Hermitage, the Musée cantonal d'archéologie et d'histoire, the Musée cantonal de géologie, the Musée cantonal de zoologie, the Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts, the Museum of Contemporary Design and Applied Arts, the Musée de l'Élysée and the Musée historique de Lausanne.[60] In 2009 the Collection de l'art brut was visited by 27,028 people (the average in previous years was 33,356). The Espace Arlaud was visited by 9,222 people (the average in previous years was 14,206). The Fondation de l'Hermitage was visited by 89,175 people (the average in previous years was 74,839). The Musée cantonal d'archéologie et d'histoire was visited by 14,841 people (the average in previous years was 15,775). The Musée cantonal de zoologie was visited by 30,794 people (the average in previous years was 30,392). The Musée cantonal de géologie was visited by 28,299 people (the average in previous years was 24,248). The Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts was visited by 26,456 people (the average in previous years was 26,384). The Museum of Contemporary Design and Applied Arts was visited by 28,554 people (the average in previous years was 22,879). The Musée de l'Élysée was visited by 36,775 people (the average in previous years was 37,757). The Musée historique de Lausanne was visited by 23,116 people (the average in previous years was 22,851).[60]

(As of 2000), there were 12,147 students in Lausanne who came from another municipality, while 2,258 residents attended schools outside the municipality.[56]

### Libraries

Lausanne is home to eight large libraries or collections of libraries. These libraries include the Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne, the library of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), the libraries of the Réseau EPFL, the Bibliothèque municipale de Lausanne, the Haute école de travail social et de la santé (EESP), the HECV Santé, the Haute école de la santé La Source and the École cantonale d'art de Lausanne (ECAL). There was a combined total ((As of 2008)) of 3,496,260 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 1,650,534 items were loaned out.[61]

### Tertiary education

Lausanne enjoys some world class education and research establishments (see also Lausanne campus), including private schools, attended by students from around the world.

* Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
* University of Lausanne (UNIL)
* HEC Lausanne, Faculty of Business and Economics of the University of Lausanne
* University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), a hospital centre with associated research
* École hôtelière de Lausanne (EHL)
* École cantonale d'art de Lausanne (ECAL)
* International Institute for Management Development (IMD)
* Swiss Graduate School of Public Administration (IDHEAP)
* AISTS ("International Academy of Sports Science and Technology")
* Business School Lausanne (BSL)
* The Lausanne campus of the University of the Nations
* Pepperdine University maintains an international study campus in Lausanne

### Primary and secondary schools

International schools

* École française de Lausanne-Valmont
* Lycée Pareto (Italian school)
* Brillantmont International School
* International School of Lausanne
* Collège Champittet

Private schools

* École Vinet
* École Alphalif

## Culture and arts

### Heritage sites of national significance

There are 46 buildings or sites that are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance. Additionally, the entire old city of Lausanne and the Vernand-Dessus region are listed in the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites.[62]

* Religious Buildings: Notre-Dame Cathedral, Swiss Reformed Church of Saint-François, Swiss Reformed Church of Saint-Laurent and the Synagogue at Avenue de Florimont.
* Civic Structures: Former Hôpital at Rue Mercerie 24, Former Federal Tribunal, the Former Académie at Rue Cité-Devant 7, Casino de Montbenon, St-Maire Castle, Bois-de-Vaux Cemetery, Fondation de l'Hermitage and House de maître, Railway station, Beau-Rivage Palace, City Hall, Hôtel des Postes, Administration Building of André & Cie. S.A., Administration Building of the Vaudoise Assurances, Apartment and Office Building at Rue du Grand-Chêne 8, Les Bains de Bellerive, l'Estérel House, House at Chemin de Chandolin 4, the Mon-Repos estate at Parc de Mon-Repos, Olympic Museum and Archives of the International Olympic Committee, the vessels of the CGN (La Suisse (1910), Savoie (1914), Simplon (1920), Rhône (1927)), Pont Chauderon, the Vernand-Dessus rural site, Site de l'Expo 64 avec Théatre de Vidy, the Tour Bel-Air and the University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV).
* Museums and Libraries: Former Residence of the Bishop of Lausanne which is now the Lausanne Museum of History, Bibliothèque des cèdres (former Bibliothèque des pasteurs), Beaulieu Castle and the Collection de l'art brut, Fondation Toms Pauli Collection de tapisseries and d'art textile, Galeries Saint-François, Musée de l'Élysée, Museum of Contemporary Design and Applied Arts (MUDAC), Cantonal Botanical Museum and Gardens, the Roman Museum, the Palais de Rumine with the Musée cantonal de géologie, Cantonal Museum of Zoology, Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts, Musée monétaire cantonal de Lausanne (fr) (Cabinet des médailles) and Musée cantonal d'archéologie et d'histoire.
* Archives: Archives of the Banque Vaudoise, Archives of the City of Lausanne, Archives of Énergie Ouest Suisse (EOS), the Radio Suisse Romande archives and the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland with archives.
* Archeological sites: The Roman era/medieval hill-top city and the prehistoric settlement and Roman era Vicus of Vidy (Lousanna).

* The Casino de Montbenon

* Lausanne Cathedral

* University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV)

* Château Saint-Maire

* Swiss Reformed Church of Saint-François

* Swiss Reformed Church of Saint-Laurent

* Fondation de l'Hermitage

* Lausanne railway station

* Hôtel Beau-Rivage Palace

* Administrative building of the Vaudoise Assurances

* Musée de l'Élysée

* Olympic Museum and Archives of the International Olympic Committee

* Ouchy waterfront

* Synagogue

* The Sauvabelin Tower

* Compagnie Générale de Navigation sur le lac Léman

### Culture

In addition to the Cantonal and University Library of Lausanne, the Palais de Rumine hosts several museums.

The Orchestre de chambre de Lausanne, the Lausanne Opera and the Ensemble vocal de Lausanne provide a diverse and rich musical life. The latter has been under the direction of Michel Corboz for many years.

In January, the Prix de Lausanne, a famous dance competition, takes place at the Palais de Beaulieu (the biggest theatre in Switzerland[63]) over a one-week period. The event attracts dancers and some of the big names in dance from all over the world.

The Swiss Film Archive is based in Lausanne and the city hosts film festivals such as the Festival cinémas d’Afrique Lausanne and the Lausanne Underground Film and Music Festival. In addition to modern cinemas, the "Capitole" (in activity since 1929) is the biggest cinema in Switzerland (currently 867 seats).[64]

The city hosted the Eurovision Song Contest 1989. Each July, the Festival de la cité is held in the old town. Other music festivals include the Bach Festival, the Festival et concours Bach de Lausanne, which follows the Nuit de musées (museums' night) in the fall season.

Lausanne is also the home of the Béjart Ballet.

### Monuments

* Cathedral (restored by Viollet-le-Duc)
* Saint-Maire Castle (Château Saint-Maire)
* Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland
* Town Hall[65]

### Museums

Lausanne is also the site of many museums:

* Archizoom
* Musée Bolo
* Olympic Museum (Musée olympique)
* Musée de l'Élysée
* Fondation de l'Hermitage (fr) ("Hermitage Foundation")
* Collection of Outsider Art (Collection de l'art brut)
* Museum of Contemporary Design and Applied Arts (Musée de design et d'arts appliqués contemporains)
* Lausanne Museum of History (fr) (Musée historique de Lausanne)[66]
* Musée Arlaud or "Espace Arlaud"[67]
* Espace des inventions[68] ("Science Center for Kids") at the Vallée de la Jeunesse (fr)
* Fondation Claude Verdan (fr)[69] – Musée de la main ("Museum of the Hand")
* Vivarium de Lausanne (fr)[70]
* Cantonal Botanical Museum and Gardens (Musée et jardins botaniques cantonaux)
* Cantonal Museum of Money (fr)[71] (Musée monétaire cantonal) (formerly "Cabinet cantonal des médailles"[72])
* Cantonal Museum of Archeology and History (fr)[73] (Musée cantonal d'archéologie et d'histoire)[74]
* Cantonal Museum of Fine Arts (Musée cantonal des beaux-arts)
* Cantonal Museum of Zoology (Musée cantonal de zoologie)
* Cantonal Museum of Geology (fr)[75] (Musée cantonal de Géologie)
* Lausanne-Vidy Roman Museum (fr)[76]

### Art galleries

#### Main contemporary art galleries

* Galerie Lucy Mackintosh (closed)
* Dubner Moderne[77]
* Synopsism
* Espace Saint-François[78]

#### Art centers or artist-run galleries

* Circuit[79]
* Galerie Galerie 1m3[80]
* Doll espace d'art contemporain[81]

### Music

* Contemporary composer Leonardo Balada's Symphony No. 4 is subtitled 'Lausanne'.
* Igor Stravinsky's L'Histoire du Soldat was premiered in Lausanne in September 1918.

## Sports

The seat of the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne

Lausanne is home to the IOC, with water sports available on the nearby lake and mountaineering in the nearby mountains. Cycling is also a common pastime, with the vineyards in the surrounding hills providing extensive views and challenging routes.[citation needed] There is an annual Track and field meeting (Athletissima), road running through the city (the 20 km (12 mi) of Lausanne), the Tour de Romandie road cycling race, Marathon of Lausanne and triathlon competition, among other sports events. The two most important sports are ice hockey and football. Lausanne hosted the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics[82] and the 2020 IIHF World Championship.

Local

* Lausanne HC Ice Hockey Club
* Lausanne-Sport Football Club
* Stade Lausanne Ouchy Football Club
* Stade Lausanne Rugby Club
* Lausanne-Sports Aviron Rowing Club
* Federation of Swiss Bandy
* Lausanne University Club (Luc) Rugby
* Swiss Power Wrestling (SPW) Professional Wrestling promotion and school

International

Lausanne hosts the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), and many other international sport associations:

* European Athletics Association (EAA)
* International Baseball Federation (IBAF)
* International Canoe Federation (ICF)[83]
* International Federation for Equestrian Sports (Fédération Équestre Internationale, FEI)
* International Fencing Federation (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime, FIE)
* International Golf Federation (Fédération Internationale de Golf, IGF)
* International Federation of Gymnastics (Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique, FIG)
* International Hockey Federation (Fédération Internationale de Hockey, FIH)
* International Rowing Federation (Fédération Internationale des Sociétés d'Aviron, FISA)
* International Skating Union (ISU)
* International Swimming Federation (Fédération Internationale de Natation, FINA)
* International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF)
* International Triathlon Union (ITU)
* International University Sports Federation (Fédération Internationale du Sport Universitaire, FISU)
* International Volleyball Federation (Fédération Internationale de Volleyball, FIVB)
* International Wushu Federation (IWUF)[84]
* World Air Sports Federation (Fédération Aéronautique Internationale, FAI)
* World Archery Federation (WA; Fédération Internationale de Tir à l'Arc, FITA)
* World DanceSport Federation (Fédération mondiale de danse sportive, WDSF)
* World Taekwondo
* FIDE (International Chess Federation)

## International relations

In March–April 2015, the negotiations on Iran nuclear deal framework for a comprehensive agreement on the Iranian nuclear programme took place at the Beau-Rivage Palace, where the foreign ministers and delegations from the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, China, France, the European Union, Germany (P5+1) and Iran were also hosted. The final press conference, on 2 April 2015, was held at the EPFL Learning Centre.

On 24 July 1923, the Treaty of Lausanne was signed at the Beau-Rivage Palace.

## Notable people

Jean-Pascal Delamuraz

Johann Ludwig Burckhardt

Auguste Piccard, 1932

Albert Chavannes, 1903

Capucine, 1962

Lady Elizabeth Butler (née Thompson)

Rachel Kolly d'Alba, 2009

Coco Chanel, 1928

Pierre de Coubertin, 1925

### Public service, the military and the church

* Pierre Viret (1511–1571), Reformed theologian and Protestant reformer
* David-Louis Constant de Rebecque (1722–1785), colonel and commandant of a Swiss regiment
* Alexandre Vinet (1797–1847), critic and theologian<
* Amalric-Frédéric Buscarlet (1836–1928), overseas minister of the Church of Scotland, promoted the building of the Scots Kirk, Lausanne in 1876
* Major General Lionel Dunsterville CB CSI (1865–1946), British general, who led Dunsterforce
* Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (1867–1951), Finnish field marshal and president
* Gustave Biéler DSO MBE (1904–1944), Special Operations Executive agent during World War II
* Metropolitan Anthony of Sourozh (1914–2003), Russian Orthodox ecclesiastic
* Georges-André Chevallaz (1915–2002), historian, politician, Mayor of Lausanne 1958–1973 and member of the Swiss Federal Council 1974–1983
* Jean-François Bergier (1931–2009), historian, chaired the Bergier commission
* Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1936–1998), politician
* Daniel Brélaz (born 1950), mathematician and politician, Mayor of Lausanne 2001–2016
* Simone de Montmollin (born 1968), member of the National Council
* Cassandre Berdoz, first woman Watchman of Lausanne Cathedral
* Marguerite Narbel (1918–2010), member of the Grand Council of Vaud

### Science and architecture

* Jean-Nicolas-Sébastien Allamand (1716–1787), natural philosopher
* Johann Ludwig Burckhardt (1784–1817), traveller, geographer and orientalist
* Oswald Heer (1809–1883), geologist and naturalist
* Eugène Viollet-le-Duc (1814–1879), French architect and author
* Eugène Renevier (1831–1906), geologist and professor at the University of Lausanne
* Léon Walras (1834–1910), economist, professor of economics at University of Lausanne, co-founder of the Lausanne School of economics, together with Vilfredo Pareto
* Vilfredo Pareto (1848–1923), economist, engineer, sociologist, philosopher, professor of economics at University of Lausanne, co-founder of the Lausanne School of economics, together with: Léon Walras
* Sir Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930), Ukrainian bacteriologist
* Auguste Piccard (1884–1962), physicist, inventor and explorer
* Michel Mayor (born 1942), astrophysicist, winner of the 2015 Kyoto Prize and co-laureate of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics
* Bernard Tschumi (born 1944), architect, writer and educator associated with deconstructivism

### Writing

* Jean Bagnyon (1412–1487), lawyer, historian, political writer and translator
* Jean-Pierre de Crousaz (1663–1750), writer, theologian and philosopher
* Edward Gibbon (1737–1794), English historian, writer and Member of Parliament
* Benjamin Constant (1767–1830), political activist and writer on politics and religion.
* Charles Secrétan (1815–1895) philosopher
* Albert Chavannes (1836–1903), American author, philosopher and sociologist
* Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz (1878–1947), French-speaking Swiss writer
* Verena Hoehne (1945–2012), journalist and author
* Georges Simenon (1903–1989), Belgian writer, created Jules Maigret
* Alejo Carpentier (1904–1980), Cuban novelist, essayist, and musicologist
* Jean Anouilh (1910–1987), French dramatist
* Jack Rollan (1916–2007), journalist
* Han Suyin (1917–2012), Chinese-born Eurasian physician and author of books on China
* Nanos Valaoritis (born 1921), Greek writer, poet, novelist and playwright
* Jeanlouis Cornuz (1922–2007), novel writer
* Albin Schram (1926–2005), collected letters by royals, scientists, writers and philosophers
* Jon Steele (born 1950), American expatriate author, cameraman and journalist

### Acting

* George Sanders (1906–1972), British film and television actor and author
* James Mason (1909–1984), English actor
* Freddy Buache (born 1924), cinema critic and director of the Swiss Film Archive 1951–1996
* Capucine (1928–1990), French actress and model
* Fernand Melgar (born 1961), actor, producer, director and film editor
* Vincent Perez (born 1964), film actor and director
* David Bennent (born 1966), actor
* Élodie Frenck (born 1974), Peruvian-Swiss-French actress
* James Thiérrée (born 1974), circus performer, violinist, actor and director

### Painting

* Jeanne-Charlotte Allamand (1760 – 1839), pioneer, educator and artist
* François Bocion (1828–1890), artist and teacher, painted scenes around Lake Geneva
* Eugène Grasset (1845–1917), decorative artist, pioneer in Art Nouveau design
* Elizabeth Thompson (Lady Butler) (1846–1933), British painter of history paintings
* Théophile Steinlen (1859–1923), French Art Nouveau painter and printmaker
* Marius Borgeaud (1861–1924), Post-Impressionist painter
* Félix Vallotton (1865–1925), Swiss/French painter and printmaker associated with Les Nabis
* Alice Bailly (1872–1938), radical painter, participated in the Dada movement
* René Auberjonois (1872–1957), a post-impressionist painter
* Ernest Boiceau (1881–1950), artist and designer
* Aloise Corbaz (1886–1964), outsider artist
* Lucienne Peiry (born 1961), PhD in the history of art, specialist in Outsider Art ("Art Brut"), an exhibition curator and lecturer
* Andy Picci (born 1989), conceptual artist
* Irene Pijoan (1953–2004), painter, sculptor, educator

### Music and dancing

* Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937), Polish composer and pianist
* Hélène Boschi (1917–1990), pianist
* Maurice Béjart (1927–2007), dancer, choreographer and opera director, ran the Béjart Ballet
* Charles Dutoit (born 1936), conductor
* Manola Asensio (born 1943), ballet dancer
* Jacques Viret (born 1943), French musicologist
* Pierre Amoyal (born 1949), French violinist, artistic director of the Conservatory of Lausanne
* Rachel Kolly d'Alba (born 1981), violinist and an honorary citizen of Asunción in Paraguay

### Royalty, nobility, and the landed gentry

* Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg (1887–1969), Queen of Spain as the wife of King Alfonso XIII
* Alexandra Tegleva (1894–1955), Russian noblewoman who served as a nursemaid in the Imperial Household, lived in Lausanne after the Russian Revolution
* Helen of Greece and Denmark (1896–1982), Queen mother of Romania, saved Romanian Jews in World War II
* Prince Nicholas Tchkotoua (1909–1984), Georgian writer and member of the Order of Malta
* Bhumibol Adulyadej (1927–2016), late King of Thailand, educated and lived locally 1933–1945
* Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria (1938–2015), last infante of Spain
* Prince Egon von Fürstenberg (1946–2004), socialite, banker, fashion and interior designer
* Princess Yasmin Aga Khan (born 1949), American philanthropist
* Princess Margareta of Romania (born 1949), daughter of King Michael I and Queen Anne of Romania
* Princess Elena of Romania (born 1950), daughter of King Michael I and Queen Anne of Romania
* Princess Ubol Ratana (born 1951), Thai princess
* Prince Christoph of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1956–2006), European socialite

### Business

* Peter Carl Fabergé (1846–1920), Russian jeweller of Fabergé eggs, founded House of Fabergé
* Coco Chanel (1883–1971), a French fashion designer and businesswoman
* Ingvar Kamprad (1926–2018), founded IKEA
* Paloma Picasso (born 1949), French and Spanish fashion designer and businesswoman
* Dominique Lévy (born 1967) art dealer

### Sport

* Pierre de Coubertin (1863–1937), French baron, founder of the International Olympic Committee
* André Wicky (1928–2016), racing car driver and team owner
* Umberto Agnelli (1934–2004), head of Fiat and Juventus F.C.
* Howard Stupp (born 1955), Canadian wrestler
* Bertrand Piccard FRSGS (born 1958), psychiatrist and balloonist
* Patrik Lörtscher (born 1960), curler, Olympic winner
* Stéphane Chapuisat (born 1969), footballer
* Mattia Binotto (born 1969), Italian F1 designer, team principal of Scuderia Ferrari
* Sébastien Loeb (born 1974), French rally, racing, and rallycross driver
* Ludovic Magnin (born 1979), footballer
* Lorik Cana (born 1983), Albanian footballer
* Stan Wawrinka (born 1985), tennis player
* Stéphane Lambiel (born 1985), figure skater and coach and Olympic silver medalist
* Timea Bacsinszky (born 1989), tennis player
* Hugo de Sadeleer (born 1997), racing driver

### Unwelcome notables

* Marie Manning (1821–1849), Swiss domestic servant and, with her husband, a murderer
* Serge Voronoff (1866–1951), French quack surgeon of Russian extraction
* Gaston-Armand Amaudruz (1920–2018), neo-fascist political philosopher and Holocaust denier
* François Genoud, (1915-1996), financier and Nazi sympathizer

## See also

* Franco-Provençal language
* Eurovision Song Contest 1989
* International Academy of Sport Science and Technology (AISTS)
* Lac de Sauvabelin, Tour de Sauvabelin
* Beau-Rivage Palace
* Scots Kirk, Lausanne (Church of Scotland)
* List of mayors of Lausanne
* Lausanne Conference, 1949
* Treaty of Lausanne (1564)
* Treaty of Lausanne (1912)
* Treaty of Lausanne (1923)

## Notes

1. ↑ German: Lausanne [loˈzan] (listen); Italian: Losanna; Romansh: Losanna.[5][6]

## References

1. ↑ "Lausanne". Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2014. https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Lausanne.
2. ↑ "Lausanne". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/lausanne.
3. ↑ "Lausanne" (US) and "Lausanne". Lausanne. Oxford University Press. http://www.lexico.com/definition/Lausanne.
4. ↑ "Lausanne". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Lausanne. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
5. ↑ "Glossarium Helvetiae Historicum, Lausanne" (in fr). Berne, Switzerland: Historical Directory of Switzerland. http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/ghh/index.php?ghhterm=Lausanne. . "À l'intérieur des articles, les formes principales des noms officiels ou indigènes ("endonymes") sont affichées en gros caractères demi-gras, celles des exonymes historiques en caractères normaux. Enfin, toutes les formes secondaires sont imprimées en italique. [Engl.: Within the articles, the main forms of official or indigenous names ("endonyms") are displayed in large semi-bold characters, those of historical exonyms in normal characters {means: non-bold}. Finally, all secondary forms are printed in italics.]
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Gilbert Coutaz: Lausanne in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, 30 June 2014.
7. ↑ "03 – Suisse sud-ouest". Federal Office of Topography, swisstopo, Swiss Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport. 2009. http://www.swisstopo.admin.ch/internet/swisstopo/en/home/products/maps/national/200.html.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Lebensqualität in den Städten und Agglomerationen (Agglo 2012): Demographischer Kontext". Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel, Swiss Federal Administration. 2019. https://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/pxweb/de/px-x-2105000000_202/-/px-x-2105000000_202.px.
9. ↑ Peca, Servan (29 December 2015). "L'Arc lémanique a été dépassé par son propre pouvoir de séduction". Le Temps. https://www.letemps.ch/economie/larc-lemanique-depasse-propre-pouvoir-seduction.
10. ↑ "Welcome to International Sports Federations". International Sports Federations. http://www.ifsports-guide.ch/english/navigation/bienvenue_en.html.
11. ↑ Kucera, Andrea (28 April 2015). "Lausanne – Hauptstadt des Sports". NZZ. http://www.nzz.ch/schweiz/lausanne--hauptstadt-des-sports-1.18531089.
12. ↑ "Lausanne Metro m2, Vaud canton, Switzerland" (in en-GB). https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/lausanne/.
13. ↑ "Lausanne named Winter Youth Olympic Games host for 2020" (in en). International Olympic Committee. 27 October 2016. https://www.olympic.org/news/lausanne-named-winter-youth-olympic-games-host-for-2020.
14. ↑ They are preserved in the Bern Historical Museum.
15. ↑ Lasserre, Claude (1997) (in fr). Le séminaire de Lausanne, 1726–1812 : instrument de la restauration du protestantisme français : étude historique fondée principalement sur les documents inédits. Bibliothèque historique vaudoise, no 112. Lausanne: Bibliothèque historique vaudoise. ISBN 978-2-88454-112-1. OCLC 39222660. Also OCLC 39228676
16. ↑ "Lausanne 1964: Two ideas, one Expo". Swiss National Exhibitions – Expo-Archive. swissinfo/Swiss Radio International (SRI). http://www.expo-archive.ch/eng/index.html?siteSect=1000.
17. ↑ "The Waste Land – Modernism Lab Essays". 24 March 2009. http://modernism.research.yale.edu/wiki/index.php/The_Waste_Land#Words_at_Liberty.
18. ↑ "The Fourteenth International Hemingway Society Conference : Hemingway's Extreme Geographies". http://www.unil.ch/files/live//sites/angl/files/shared/pdf/Hemingway/Hemingway.pdf.
19. ↑ "Tired of being bored", The Lausanner 3 (English, Summer/Autumn 2019), 17. https://static.mycity.travel/manage/uploads/6/30/102741/1/the-lausanner-summer-autumn-2019-n0-3.pdf
20. ↑ "Anti-G8 protests turn violent in Switzerland". Times of Malta. 2 June 2003. http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20030602/local/anti-g8-protests-turn-violent-in-switzerland.148814.
21. ↑ "A landmark arts venture launches in Lausanne, Switzerland" (in en-US). 2022-06-20. https://thespaces.com/plateform-10-lausanne-switzerland-art-gallery/.
22. ↑ "One Swiss City Is Giving Its Art Scene a Major Boost" (in en-US). https://www.insidehook.com/daily_brief/art/lausanne-swiss-city-art-scene.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Land Use Statistics 2018 data (in German) accessed 26 July 2020
24. ↑ Nomenklaturen – Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz . (in German) Retrieved 4 April 2011.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 "Climate normals Pully (Reference period 1981–2010)". Zurich Airport, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. 2 July 2014. http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/PUY/climsheet_PUY_np8110_e.pdf.
26. ↑ "Switzerland Plant Hardiness Zone Map". PlantMaps. https://www.plantmaps.com/interactive-switzerland-plant-hardiness-zone-map-celsius.php.
27. ↑ "Climate normals Pully (Reference period 1991–2020)". Swiss Federal Office of Metreology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss. 13 January 2022. https://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/product/output/climate-data/climate-diagrams-normal-values-station-processing/PUY/climsheet_PUY_np9120_e.pdf.
28. ↑ "STATISTIQUE VAUD – Accès à la base de données sur la météorologie". http://www.scris.vd.ch/Default.aspx?DocID=8033&DomId=1961.
29. ↑ "Lausanne commune (Vaud canton, Switzerland)". http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ch-vd134.html.
30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 "Qui peut voter?" (in fr). Geneva, Switzerland: Secrétariat municipal, Ville de Lausanne. http://www.lausanne.ch/en/lausanne-officielle/votations-elections/qui-vote-comment-et-ou/qui-peut-voter.html.
31. ↑ "Municipalité" (in fr). Lausanne, Switzerland: Hôtel de Ville de Lausanne. http://www.lausanne.ch/lausanne-officielle/municipalite.html.
32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Organisation de la Municipalité pour 2022" (in fr). Lausanne, Switzerland. 2021-03-28. https://www.lausanne.ch/officiel/municipalite/composition/organisation.html.
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 "Résultats des élections communales" (in fr). Lausanne, Switzerland: Hôtel de Ville de Lausanne. 2021-03-07. https://www.lausanne.ch/officiel/votations-elections/elections/elections-communales/elections-resultats.html.
34. ↑ "Conseil communal" (in fr). Geneva, Switzerland: Conseil communal, Ville de Lausanne. http://www.lausanne.ch/lausanne-officielle/conseil-communal/a-propos.html.
35. ↑ "Composition du Conseil communal" (in fr). Lausanne, Switzerland: Conseil communal, Ville de Lausanne. 2021-03-21. https://www.lausanne.ch/officiel/conseil-communal/a-propos/composition-du-conseil-communal.html.
36. ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO, ed (28 November 2019). "NR – Ergebnisse Parteien (Gemeinden) (INT1)" (in de, fr, it) (CSV). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO. https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/9386461/appendix.
37. ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO, ed (28 November 2019). "NR – Wahlbeteiligung (Gemeinden) (INT1)" (in de, fr, it) (CSV). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, FSO. https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfsstatic/dam/assets/9386463/appendix.
38. ↑ "Nationalratswahlen 2015: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung nach Gemeinden" (in de, fr) (XLS). Neuchâtel, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 4 March 2016. http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/07/03.html.
39. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 "The Lausanne town" (in en-GB). https://www.coe.int/en/web/europe-prize-exhibition/lausanne.
40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 "Lausanne" (in fr). Feuille des avis officiels du canton de Vaud. https://faovd.ch/commune/detail/id/19.
41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Population totale par région du monde et selon la nationalité, 1979–2013" (in fr) (XLS). Contrôle des Habitants de la Ville de Lausanne / StatVD, canton de Vaud. 23 January 2014. http://www.scris.vd.ch/Data_Dir/ElementsDir/3058/13/F/01.02.05.xls. "data from December 2013"
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 42.4 42.5 42.6 Swiss Federal Statistical Office . Retrieved 21 June 2011.
43. ↑ "Population totale selon l'origine, 1979–2013" (in fr) (XLS). Contrôle des Habitants de la Ville de Lausanne / StatVD, canton de Vaud. 23 January 2014. http://www.scris.vd.ch/Data_Dir/ElementsDir/2570/24/F/01.02.01.xls.
44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 44.3 44.4 STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 – 2000 . (in German) Retrieved 2 February 2011.
45. ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Superweb database – Gemeinde Statistics 1981–2008 . (in German) Retrieved 19 June 2010.
46. ↑ Canton of Vaud Statistical Office . (in French) Retrieved 29 April 2011.
47. ↑ Eurostat. "Housing (SA1)". Urban Audit Glossary. p. 18. http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/international/22/lexi.Document.116365.pdf. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
48. ↑ Urban Audit Glossary p. 17.
49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB – Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 – Gebäude und Wohnungen . (in German) Retrieved 28 January 2011.
50. ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office-Rental prices 2003 data. (in German) Retrieved 26 May 2010.
51. ↑ "Betäubungsmittelgesetz (BetmG): Häufigkeitszahl der Straftaten, 2015" (in de). Statistical Atlas of Switzerland. https://www.atlas.bfs.admin.ch/maps/13/de/11488_11587_3864_7266/19010.html.
52. ↑ Lambert, Anthony (2013). Switzerland without a Car (5 ed.). Bradt Travel Guides. p. 258. ISBN 978-1841624471.
53. ↑ "Les Axes forts – Site officiel de la Ville de Lausanne". City of Lausanne. http://www.lausanne.ch/lausanne-en-bref/lausanne-demain/mobilite/axes-forts.
54. ↑ "JMS Boeing 737 Simulator". Thebigboss.ch. http://www.thebigboss.ch.
55. ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1–3 . (in German) Retrieved 28 January 2011.
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 Swiss Federal Statistical Office – Statweb . (in German) Retrieved 24 June 2010.
57. ↑ "PMI.com homepage". http://www.philipmorrisinternational.com/PMINTL/pages/eng/ourbus/Where_to_find_us.asp.
58. ↑ "STATISTIQUE VAUD – Généralités : Organigramme". http://www.scris.vd.ch/Default.aspx?DomId=1990.
59. ↑ Canton of Vaud Statistical Office – Scol. obligatoire/filières de transition. (in French) Retrieved 2 May 2011.
60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Canton of Vaud Statistical Office – Fréquentation de quelques musées et fondations, Vaud, 2001–2009. (in French) Retrieved 2 May 2011.
61. ↑ Swiss Federal Statistical Office, list of libraries . (in German) Retrieved 14 May 2010.
62. ↑ "Kantonsliste A-Objekte" (in de). KGS Inventar. Federal Office of Civil Protection. 2009. http://www.bevoelkerungsschutz.admin.ch/internet/bs/de/home/themen/kgs/kgs_inventar/a-objekte.html.
63. ↑ (in French) Mathieu Signorell, "Beaulieu lâche les congrès pour les infirmiers après l'échec de Taoua", 24 heures, Saturday 14 February 2015.
64. ↑ "Le Capitole" (in fr). http://www.lecapitole.ch/le-capitole.
65. ↑ "Town Hall". http://www.lausanne.ch/view.asp?docId=27749&domId=64350&language=E.
66. ↑ "Musée historique Lausanne". 13 September 2017. https://www.lausanne.ch/vie-pratique/culture/musees/mhl.html.
67. ↑ "Redirection". http://www.dfj.vd.ch/serac/musee/rumine-arlaud.html.
68. ↑ "Espace des inventions". https://www.espace-des-inventions.ch/.
69. ↑ "Musée de la main UNIL-CHUV – Accueil – Lausanne". http://www.museedelamain.ch/.
70. ↑ "Vivarium Lausanne". http://www.vivarium-lausanne.ch.
71. ↑ "Monnaies et médailles: Musée cantonal d'archéologie et d'histoire". http://www.mcah.ch/collections/monnaies-et-medailles/.
72. ↑ "Cantonal Money Museum – Official site of the City of Lausanne". 11 February 2012. http://www.lausanne.ch/view.asp?docId=28071&domId=64285&language=E.
73. ↑ "Les musées du Canton de Vaud : Le Musée d'achéologie et histoire". 16 May 2008. http://www.musees-vd.ch/fr/musee-darcheologie-et-dhistoire/.
74. ↑ "Cantonal Museum of Archaeology and History – Official site of the City of Lausanne". 11 February 2012. http://www.lausanne.ch/view.asp?docId=28061&domId=64285&language=E.
75. ↑ "Musée cantonal de géologie". https://www.unil.ch/mcg/fr/home.html.
76. ↑ "Lausanne-Vidy Roman Museum – Official site of the City of Lausanne". 11 February 2012. http://www.lausanne.ch/view.asp?docId=28077&domId=64285&language=E.
77. ↑ "Dubner Moderne". https://www.dubnermoderne.ch/.
78. ↑ "A propos". https://www.esf.ch/.
79. ↑ "Genotec Internet Consulting AG – Hosting, IT, Development, Education". 8 June 2005. http://www.circuit.ch/.
80. ↑ "Espace d'art Galerie 1m3". http://www.galerie1m3.com.
81. ↑ "DOLL – ESPACE D'ART CONTEMPORAIN". http://www.espacedoll.ch/.
82. ↑ Goddard, Emily (12 July 2013). "Swiss President Maurer "very excited" about Youth Olympic bid as Lausanne launches official application". http://www.insidethegames.biz/olympics/youth-olympics/1015047-swiss-president-maurer-very-excited-about-youth-olympic-bid-as-lausanne-launches-official-application.
83. ↑ "Headquarters". 2015-08-17. https://www.canoeicf.com/headquarters.
84. ↑ "About IWUF". http://www.iwuf.org/about-iwuf/.

## Bibliography

Published in the 19th century

* Switzerland. Coblenz: Karl Baedeker. 1863.

Published in the 20th century

* "Lausanne", Switzerland, Together with Chamonix and the Italian Lakes (26th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1922, OCLC 4248970, https://archive.org/stream/switzerlandtoget00karl#page/275/mode/2up

## External links

| Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Lausanne.

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* Official website of the City of Lausanne ()
* The official tourism homepage of Lausanne

Preceded by
Dornbirn, Austria (2007) |  World Gymnaestrada host city
2011  | Succeeded by
Helsinki, Finland (2015)

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