List of countries with multiple capitals

Short description: Countries with more than one capital city

Some countries have multiple capitals. In some cases, one city is the capital for some purposes, and one or more others are capital for other purposes, without any being considered an official capital in preference to the others.

There are also cases where there is a single legally defined capital, but one or more other cities operate as the seat of government of some or all parts of the national government.

## Contents

* 1 More than one capital at present
* 2 More than one capital in the past
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## More than one capital at present

More than one capital at present

More than one capital in the past

Country | Capitals | Details

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Bolivia | Sucre | Constitutional capital
La Paz | De facto executive capital
Template:ESW | Mbabane | Administrative capital
Lobamba | Legislative capital (parliament) and place of royal residence
Malaysia | Kuala Lumpur | Constitutional and legislative capital (parliament), seat of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong
Putrajaya | Administrative centre and judicial capital; variously referred to as the administrative capital[1]
Netherlands | Amsterdam | Official capital
The Hague | Legislative capital (parliament)
South Africa | Pretoria | Administrative and executive capital
Bloemfontein | Judicial capital
Cape Town | Legislative capital (parliament)
Sri Lanka | Colombo | Executive and judicial capital
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte | Legislative capital (parliament)

## More than one capital in the past

Main page: Place:List of former national capitals

These countries have had two cities that served as administrative capitals at the same time, for various reasons such as war, weather or partition. In some cases, the second capital is considered a temporary capital.

Country | Year(s)  | Capitals | Details

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Afghanistan | 1776–1818  | Kabul | Summer capital
Peshawar  | Winter capital
British India | 1858–1947  | Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) (1858–1911)  | Administrative capital
New Delhi (1911–1947)
Shimla (formerly Simla)  | Summer capital
Austria-Hungary | 1873–1918  | Vienna | Cisleithania
Budapest | Kingdom of Hungary
Republic of China | 1937–1945  | Nanjing  | Capital of the Japanese-controlled puppet state
Chongqing | Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China
1945–1991  | Nanjing  | Administrative, legislative, and judicial capital (claimed between the 1949 Retreat and the 1992 Consensus)
Taipei | Provisional capital of the Kuomintang-ruled Republic of China on Taiwan
France | 1940–1944  | Vichy | De facto administrative capital
Paris | De jure constitutional capital, also capital for the German military administration
Kingdom of Italy | 1943–1944  | Brindisi (1943–Feb 1944)  | De facto provisional capital
Salerno (Feb–Jun 1944)
Rome | De jure capital until 1944 when it was liberated by the Allies
Italian Social Republic | 1943–1944  | Salò | De facto capital until 1944 when it became the primary capital
Rome | De jure capital until 1944 when it was liberated by the Allies
Laos | 1947–1975  | Vientiane | Administrative capital
Luang Prabang | Royal capital
Libya | 1951–1963  | Tripoli | One of two official capitals of the Kingdom of Libya, then Bayda became the capital of Libya from 1963 to 1969
Benghazi
Malawi | 1974–1994  | Lilongwe | Administrative and judiciary capital
Zomba | Legislative capital
Netherlands-Indonesia Union  | 1948–1956  | Amsterdam | Kingdom of the Netherlands
Jakarta | United States of Indonesia
Norway | 1940  | Oslo | Official capital
Hamar | Temporarily one-day capital that seated the parliament[2]
Philippines | 1948–1976  | Quezon City | Official capital
Manila | De facto seat of government
1901–1976  | Baguio | Summer capital (still known as summer capital, outside of political use)
Serbia and Montenegro | 2003–2006  | Belgrade | Administrative and legislative capital
Podgorica | Judicial capital

## See also

* List of national capitals
* List of purpose-built national capitals

## References

1. ↑ "Putrajaya | Smart Putrajaya". https://smart.putrajaya.my/putrajaya/.
2. ↑ Kongens nei - 9. april (Norwegian)

de:Hauptstadt#Staaten und subnationale Entitäten mit mehreren Hauptstädten

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