North Asia

Short description: Subregion of Asia

Not to be confused with Siberia.

North Asia

Area| 13,100,000 km2 (5,100,000 sq mi)
Population| 37 million (2021 census)
Population density| 2.6 per km2 (7.4 per mi2)
GDP (PPP)| $2.1 trillion (2024)
GDP (nominal)| $743 billion (2024)[1]
GDP per capita| $20,200 (2024)
Ethnic groups| Majority Slavic
Minority Tungusic, Mongolic, Turkic, and other indigenous peoples of Siberia
Religions| Majority Orthodox Christian
Demonym| Siberian, North Asian
Countries|  Russia
Languages|

Official languages

* Russian

Other languages

* Ainu
* Chukotko-Kamchatkan
* Eskaleut
* Mongolic
* Nivkh
* Tungusic
* Turkic
* Uralic
* Yeniseian
* Yukaghir

Time zones|

8 time zones

* UTC+5 / MSK+2
* UTC+6 / MSK+3
* UTC+7 / MSK+4
* UTC+8 / MSK+5
* UTC+9 / MSK+6
* UTC+10 / MSK+7
* UTC+11 / MSK+8
* UTC+12 / MSK+9

Internet TLD| .ru
Calling code| Zone 7
Largest cities|

List

* Barnaul
* Chelyabinsk
* Irkutsk
* Kemerovo
* Khabarovsk
* Krasnoyarsk
* Novokuznetsk
* Novosibirsk (largest)
* Omsk
* Tomsk
* Tyumen
* Vladivostok
* Yakutsk
* Yekaterinburg
* Chita

UN M49 code| `151` – Eastern Europe
`150` – Europe
`001` – World
North Asia

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North Asia or Northern Asia (Russian: Северная Азия) is the northern region of Asia, which is defined in geographical terms and consists of three federal districts of Russia: Ural, Siberian, and the Far Eastern. North Asia is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to its north; by Eastern Europe to its west; by Central Asia and East Asia to its south; and by the Pacific Ocean and Northern America to its east. It covers an area of 13,100,000 square kilometres (5,100,000 sq mi), or 8.8% of Earth's total land area; and is the largest subregion of Asia by area, occupying approx. 29.4% of Asia's land area, but is also the least populated, with a population of around 37 million, accounting for merely 0.74% of Asia's population.

Topographically, the region is dominated by the Eurasian Plate, except for its eastern part, which lies on the North American, Amurian, and Okhotsk Plates. It is divided by three major plains: the West Siberian Plain, Central Siberian Plateau, and Verhoyansk-Chukotka collision zone. The Uralian orogeny in the west raised Ural Mountains, the informal boundary between Asia and Europe. Tectonic and volcanic activities are frequently occurred in the eastern part of the region as part of the Ring of Fire, evidenced by the formation of island arcs such as the Kuril Islands and ultra-prominent peaks such as Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Kronotsky, and Koryaksky. The central part of North Asia is a large igneous province called the Siberian Traps, formed by a massive eruption which occurred 250 million years ago. The formation of the traps coincided with the Permian–Triassic extinction event.

Historically, it has been home to various East Asian-related ethnic groups from a diverse range of language families, including the Ainu, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, Mongolic, Nivkh, Tungusic, Turkic, Uralic, Yeniseian, Yukaghir, and Eskaleut peoples. However, due to the Russian conquest of Siberia, the entirety of North Asia was colonised and incorporated into Russia. European cultural influences, specifically Russian, are predominant in the entire region, due to it experiencing Russian emigration from Europe starting from the 16th century.[2] Slavs and other Indo-Europeans make up the vast majority of North Asia's population, and over 85% of the region's population is of European descent,[3][4] whereas the Indigenous peoples comprise only about 5% of the North Asian population.[5]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Antiquity and pre-colonization
* 1.2 Soviet consolidation and conflict
* 1.3 Cold War industrialization
* 1.4 Post-Soviet era
* 2 Geography
* 2.1 Geomorphology
* 3 Demographics
* 4 Administration
* 5 See also
* 6 Notes
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## History

Map of Northern Asia in 1921

### Antiquity and pre-colonization

The region was first populated by hominins in the Late Pleistocene, approximately 100,000 years ago,[6] and modern humans are confirmed to arrived in the region by 45,000 years ago[7][8] with the first humans in the region having West Eurasian origins.[9]

Its Neolithic culture is characterized by characteristic stone production techniques and the presence of pottery of eastern origin.[9] The Bronze Age began during the 3rd millennium BCE,[10] with influences of Indo-Iranian cultures as evidenced by the Andronovo culture. During the 1st millennium BCE, polities such as the Scythians and Xiongnus emerged in the region, who often clashed with its Persian and Chinese neighbors in the south.

The Göktürks dominated southern Siberia during the 1st millennium CE, while in the early 2nd millennium, the Mongol Empire and its successor states ruled the region. The Khanate of Sibir was one of the last independent Turkic states in North Asia before its conquest by the Tsardom of Russia in the 16th century. Russia would then gradually annex the region into its territory until the Convention of Peking was signed in 1860.

### Soviet consolidation and conflict

Following the Russian Civil War, the Soviet Union solidified control over Siberia and the Russian Far East. The Far Eastern Republic, which had served as a buffer state, was dissolved and absorbed by the Russian SFSR in 1922, officially bringing the region under Soviet authority by 1923.[11]

Throughout the 1930s, the Soviet Union fortified the region militarily due to increasing tensions with Japan. The Soviet–Japanese border conflicts culminated in the Battles of Khalkhin Gol in 1939, where Soviet General Georgy Zhukov led a decisive victory over Japanese forces, leading to the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact in 1941.[lower-alpha 1]

### Cold War industrialization

After World War II, North Asia played a critical role in Soviet industrialization and military strategy. Major industrial centers were developed in Norilsk, Novosibirsk, and Irkutsk, supported by labor from the Gulag system.[lower-alpha 2]

The Trans-Siberian Railway, which spanned from Moscow to Vladivostok, became vital for transporting natural resources such as timber, coal, and metals to western parts of the USSR.[12]

### Post-Soviet era

With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, North Asia faced economic turmoil and depopulation. Many towns built around single industries experienced sharp decline.[13]

In the 2000s and 2010s, the region gained strategic importance due to its vast reserves of natural gas, oil, and mineral resources. Russia began expanding infrastructure such as the Power of Siberia gas pipeline to China, marking a strategic pivot to Asia.[14]

As of the 2020s, the Russian government continues efforts to develop the Russian Far East through the "Far Eastern Hectare" program and special economic zones, though progress remains mixed due to geographic challenges and demographic decline.[15]

## Geography

Kamchatka Peninsula Putorana Plateau

For geographical and statistical reasons, the United Nations geoscheme and various other classification schemes will not subdivide countries, and thus place all of Russia in Europe or the Eastern Europe subregion. There are no mountain chains in North Asia to prevent air currents from the Arctic flowing down over the plains of Siberia and Turkestan.[16]

The plateau and plains of North Asia comprise the West Siberian Lowlands; the Angara Shield, with the Taymyr Peninsula, the coastal lowlands (the East Siberian Lowland and the North Siberian Lowland), and the Central Siberian Plateau (the Anabar Plateau, the Lena Plateau, the Lena-Angara Plateau, the Putorana Plateau, the Tunguska Plateau, and the Vilyuy Plateau); and the Central Yakutian Lowland.[17] Western Siberia is usually regarded as the Northwest Asia, Kazakhstan also sometimes included there.

### Geomorphology

The geomorphology of North Asia in general is imperfectly known, although the deposits and mountain ranges are well known.[17]

To compensate for new sea floor having been created in the Siberian basin, the whole of the Eurasian Plate has pivoted about a point in the New Siberian Islands, causing compression in the Verkhoyansk mountains, which were formed along the eastern margin of the Angara Shield by tectonic uplift during the Mesozoic Era. There is a southern boundary to this across the northern margin of the Alpine folds of Afghanistan, India, Nepal, and Bhutan, which at the east of Brahmaputra turns to run south towards the Bay of Bengal along the line of the Naga Hills and the Arakan Yoma, continues around Indonesia, and follows the edge of the continental shelf along the eastern seaboard of China. The Eurasian Plate and the North American Plate meet across the neck of Alaska, following the line of the Aleutian Trench, rather than meeting at the Bering Straits.[17]

North Asia is built around the Angara Shield, which lies between the Yenisey River and the Lena River. It developed from fragments of Laurasia, whose rocks were mainly Precambrian crystalline rocks, gneisses, and schists, and Gondwana. These rocks can be found in the Angara Shield, Inner Mongolian-Korean Shield, Ordes Shield, and Southeast Asia Shield. The fragments have been subject to orogenesis around their margins, giving a complex of plateaus and mountain ranges. One can find outcrops of these rocks in unfolded sections of the Shields. Their presence has been confirmed below Mesozoic and later sediments.[17]

There are three main periods of mountain building in North Asia, although it has occurred many times. The outer fold mountains that are on the margins of the Shields and that only affected Asia north of the line of the Himalayas, are attributed to the Caledonian and Hercynian orogenies of the late Palaeozoic Era. The Alpine orogeny caused extensive folding and faulting of Mesozoic and early Tertiary sediments from the Tethys geosyncline. The Tibetan and Mongolian Plateaus, and the structural basins of Tarim, Qaidam, and Junggar, are delimited by major east–west lithospheric faults that were probably the results of stresses caused by the impact of the Indian Plate against Laurasia. Erosion of the mountains caused by this orogeny has created a large amount of sediment, which has been transported southwards to produce the alluvial plains of India, China, and Cambodia, and which has also been deposited in large amounts in the Tarim and Junggar basins.[17]

Template:Physical map of Siberia North Asia was glaciated in the Pleistocene, but this played a less significant part in the geology of the area compared to the part that it played in North America and Europe. The Scandinavian ice sheet extended to the east of the Urals, covering the northern two thirds of the Ob Basin and extending onto the Angara Shield between the Yenisei and Lena Rivers. There are legacies of mountain glaciation to be found on the east Siberian mountains, on the mountains of the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the Altai, on Tian Shan, and on other small areas of mountains, ice caps remain on the islands of Severnaya Zemlya and Novaya Zemlya, and several Central Asian mountains still have individual glaciers. North Asia itself has permafrost, ranging in depths from 30 to 600 metres and covering an area of 9.6 million km2.[17]

Several of the mountainous regions are volcanic, with both the Koryak Mountains and the Kamchatka Peninsula having active volcanoes. The Anadyr Plateau is formed from igneous rocks. The Mongolian Plateau has an area of basaltic lavas and volcanic cones.[17]

The Angara Shield also underlies the lowlands of the Ob River, but to the south and east in the Central Asian Mountains and in the East Siberian Mountains there are folded and faulted mountains of Lower Palaeozoic rocks.[17]

## Demographics

Russians in Vladivostok, on Russia's Pacific Coast

Most estimates are that there are around 33 million Russian citizens living east of the Ural Mountains, a widely recognized geographical divide between Europe and Asia. Of these Russian citizens of Siberia, most are Slavic-origin Russians and Russified Ukrainians.[18] The Turkic peoples who are native to some parts of Siberia and native Tungusic and Mongolic peoples are now a minority in North Asia due to the Russification process during the last three centuries. Russian census records indicate they make up only an estimated 10% of the region's population, with the largest being the Buryats numbering at 445,175, and the Yakuts at 443,852. According to the 2002 census, there are 500,000 Tatars in Siberia, but 300,000 of them are Volga Tatars who settled in Siberia during periods of colonization.[19] Other ethnic groups that live in the region and make a significant portion include ethnic Germans numbering about 400,000.[20]

In 1875, Chambers reported the population of North Asia to be 8 million.[16] Between 1801 and 1914, an estimated 7 million settlers moved from European Russia to Siberia, 85% during the quarter-century before World War I.[21]

Largest cities or towns in North Asia

[22] 2010 Census[23]

Rank  |  | Region  | Pop.
1 | Novosibirsk | Siberia | 1,633,595
2 | Yekaterinburg | Ural (region) | 1,544,376
3 | Chelyabinsk | Ural (region) | 1,189,525
4 | Krasnoyarsk | Siberia | 1,187,771
5 | Omsk | Siberia | 1,125,695
6 | Tyumen | Ural (region) | 847,488
7 | Barnaul | Siberia | 630,877
8 | Khabarovsk | Russian Far East | 617,441
9 | Irkutsk | Siberia | 617,264
10 | Vladivostok | Russian Far East | 603,519

## Administration

Subdivisions of Asian Russia (Siberia)

The area of North Asia is 13,132,900 km2 and the population in 2010 was 37,630,081.

Ural Federal District  Federal Subjects  | Capital  | Area (km2)  | Population (2010)

|
|
|

Kurgan Oblast  | Kurgan  | 71,000  | 910,807
Sverdlovsk Oblast  | Yekaterinburg  | 194,800  | 4,297,747
Tyumen Oblast  | Tyumen  | 143,520  | 3,395,755
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (Yugra)  | Khanty-Mansiysk  | 534,800  | 1,532,243
Chelyabinsk Oblast  | Chelyabinsk  | 87,900  | 3,476,217
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug  | Salekhard  | 750,300  | 522,904
Total  | Yekaterinburg  | 1,818,500  | 12,080,526
Siberian Federal District  Federal Subjects  | Capital  | Area (km2)  | Population (2010)

|
|
|

Altai Republic | Gorno-Altaysk  | 92,900  | 206,168
Altai Krai | Barnaul  | 168,000  | 2,419,755
Irkutsk Oblast  | Irkutsk  | 774,800  | 2,248,750
Kemerovo Oblast | Kemerovo  | 95,700  | 2,763,135
Krasnoyarsk Krai | Krasnoyarsk  | 2,366,800  | 2,828,187
File:Flag of Novosibirsk Oblast.svg Novosibirsk Oblast  | Novosibirsk  | 177,800  | 2,665,911
Omsk Oblast  | Omsk  | 141,100  | 1,977,665
Tomsk Oblast  | Tomsk  | 314,400  | 1,047,394
Tuva Republic  | Kyzyl  | 168,600  | 307,930
Republic of Khakassia | Abakan  | 61,600  | 532,403
Total  | Novosibirsk  | 4,361,800  | 17,178,298
Far Eastern Federal District  Federal Subjects  | Capital  | Area (km2)  | Population (2010)

|
|
|

Amur Oblast  | Blagoveshchensk  | 361,900  | 830,103
Republic of Buryatia  | Ulan-Ude  | 351,300  | 971,021
Jewish Autonomous Oblast  | Birobidzhan  | 36,300  | 176,558
Zabaykalsky Krai  | Chita  | 431,900  | 1,107,107
Kamchatka Krai  | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky  | 464,300  | 322,079
Magadan Oblast  | Magadan  | 462,500  | 156,996
Primorsky Krai  | Vladivostok  | 164,700  | 1,956,497
Sakha Republic | Yakutsk  | 3,083,500  | 958,528
Sakhalin Oblast  | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk  | 87,100  | 497,973
Khabarovsk Krai  | Khabarovsk  | 787,600  | 1,343,869
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | Anadyr  | 721,500  | 50,526
Total  | Vladivostok  | 6,952,600  | 8,371,257

## See also

* Arctic Region
* Far North
* European Russia
* Asia
* Geography of Asia
* Northeast Asia
* Russian Far East
* Ural region
* Siberian High, a semipermament anticyclone

## Notes

1. ↑ See Soviet–Japanese border conflicts for further information
2. ↑ See History of Siberia for further information

## References

1. ↑ "Валовой региональный продукт - Врп с 1998-2024 года". https://rosstat.gov.ru/statistics/accounts#.
2. ↑ Haywood, A. J. (2010) (in en). Siberia: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975418-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=YKPaLi1d1O4C&q=russian+culture.
3. ↑ "ВПН-2010". http://www.perepis-2010.ru/results_of_the_census/result-december-2011.ppt.
4. ↑ "ВПН-2010". http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm.
5. ↑ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx.
6. ↑ "A fourth Denisovan individual". Science Advances 3 (7). July 2017. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700186. PMID 28695206. Bibcode: 2017SciA....3E0186S.
7. ↑ Callaway, Ewen & Nature magazine (23 October 2014). "45,000-Year-Old Man's Genome Sequenced". http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/45-000-year-old-mans-genome-sequenced/.
8. ↑ Fu, Q; Li, H; Moorjani, P; Jay, F; Slepchenko, SM; Bondarev, AA; Johnson, PL; Aximu-Petri, A et al. (October 23, 2014). "Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia". Nature 514 (7523): 445–49. doi:10.1038/nature13810. PMID 25341783. Bibcode: 2014Natur.514..445F.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Kılınç, Gülşah Merve; Kashuba, Natalija; Yaka, Reyhan; Sümer, Arev Pelin; Yüncü, Eren; Shergin, Dmitrij; Ivanov, Grigorij Leonidovich; Kichigin, Dmitrii et al. (2018-06-12). "Investigating Holocene human population history in North Asia using ancient mitogenomes". Scientific Reports 8 (1): 8969. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27325-0. ISSN 2045-2322. PMID 29895902. Bibcode: 2018NatSR...8.8969K.
10. ↑ Dupuy, Paula Doumani (2016-06-02). "Bronze Age Central Asia" (in en). Online Only -- Archaeology. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.15. ISBN 978-0-19-993541-3. http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935413-e-15.
11. ↑ "Far Eastern Republic". https://www.britannica.com/place/Far-Eastern-Republic.
12. ↑ "Trans-Siberian Railway". https://www.britannica.com/topic/Trans-Siberian-Railroad.
13. ↑ "The Siberian Exodus". https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/11/15/the-siberian-exodus-a75506.
14. ↑ "Russia's Power of Siberia pipeline opens new era in energy exports". https://www.ft.com/content/50e0fdec-15bb-11ea-8d73-6303645ac406.
15. ↑ "Russia's Far East: Empty Land, Empty Promises". https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/05/01/russia-s-far-east-empty-land-empty-promises-pub-89560.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 William Chambers and Robert Chambers (1875). Chambers's Information for the People. London and Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers. pp. 274–276. ISBN 978-0-665-46914-5. https://archive.org/details/chamberssinform02chamgoog.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5 17.6 17.7 Edwin Michael Bridges (1990). "Northern Asia". World Geomorphology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–126. ISBN 978-0-521-28965-8. https://archive.org/details/worldgeomorpholo0000brid/page/124/mode/2up.
18. ↑ "Ukrainians in Russia's Far East try to maintain community life ". The Ukrainian Weekly. 4 May 2003.
19. ↑ "Фотоатлас "Сибирские татары"". February 27, 2002. http://newasp.omskreg.ru/hist/fotatlas/rezumeen.htm.
20. ↑ "Siberian Germans". Encyclopedia.com. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/siberian-germans.
21. ↑ Fisher, Raymond H. (1958). "Reviewed work: The Great Siberian Migration: Government and Peasant in Resettlement from Emancipation to the First World War, Donald W. Treadgold". The American Historical Review 63 (4): 989–990. doi:10.2307/1848991. https://www.jstor.org/pss/1848991.
22. ↑ "Оценка численности постоянного населения по субъектам Российской Федерации". Federal State Statistics Service. https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/tab-5_VPN-2020.xlsx.
23. ↑ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" (in Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]. Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm.

## External links

* Media related to North Asia at Wikimedia Commons

* v
* t
* e

Regions of Asia

Central|

* Greater Middle East
* Aral Sea
* Aralkum Desert
* Caspian Sea
* Dead Sea
* Sea of Galilee
* Tartary
* Transoxiana
* Turan
* Greater Khorasan
* Ariana
* Arachosia
* Khwarazm
* Sistan
* Kazakhstania
* Kazakh Steppe
* Betpak-Dala
* Eurasian Steppe
* Asian Steppe
* Kazakh Steppe
* Pontic–Caspian steppe
* Mongolian-Manchurian grassland
* Wild Fields
* Yedisan
* Muravsky Trail
* Ural
* Ural Mountains
* Volga region
* Idel-Ural
* Pryazovia
* Bjarmaland
* Kuban
* Zalesye
* Ingria
* Novorossiya
* Gornaya Shoriya
* Tulgas
* Iranian Plateau
* Altai Mountains
* Pamir Mountains
* Tian Shan
* Badakhshan
* Wakhan Corridor
* Wakhjir Pass
* Mount Imeon
* Mongolian Plateau
* Western Regions
* Taklamakan Desert
* Karakoram
* Trans-Karakoram Tract
* Siachen Glacier

North|

* Arctic
* Arctic Circle
* Inner Asia
* Northeast
* Ural
* Ural Mountains
* Far East
* Russian Far East
* Okhotsk-Manchurian taiga
* Beringia
* Chukchi Peninsula
* Kamchatka Peninsula
* Extreme North
* Tartary
* Siberia
* Baikalia (Lake Baikal)
* Baraba steppe
* Khatanga Gulf
* Transbaikal
* West
* Amur Basin
* Yenisei Gulf
* Yenisei Basin
* Sikhote-Alin
* Kolyma
* Bering Strait
* Ring of Fire
* Asia-Pacific

East|

* Orient
* Japanese archipelago
* Northeastern Japan Arc
* Sakhalin Island Arc
* Korean Peninsula
* Gobi Desert
* Taklamakan Desert
* Greater Khingan
* Mongolian Plateau
* Inner Asia
* Inner Mongolia
* Outer Mongolia
* China proper
* Manchuria
* Outer Manchuria
* Inner Manchuria
* Northeast China Plain
* Mongolian-Manchurian grassland
* North China Plain
* Yan Mountains
* Kunlun Mountains
* Liaodong Peninsula
* High-mountain Asia
* Himalayas
* Tibetan Plateau
* Tibet
* Karakoram
* Tarim Basin
* Sichuan Basin
* Northern Silk Road
* Hexi Corridor
* Nanzhong
* Lingnan
* Liangguang
* Jiangnan
* Jianghuai
* Guanzhong
* Huizhou
* Wu
* Jiaozhou
* Zhongyuan
* Shaannan
* Ordos Loop
* Loess Plateau
* Shaanbei
* Hamgyong Mountains
* Central Mountain Range
* Japanese Alps
* Suzuka Mountains
* Leizhou Peninsula
* Gulf of Tonkin
* Yangtze River
* Yangtze River Delta
* Yellow River
* Pearl River Delta
* Yenisei Basin
* Altai Mountains
* Wakhan Corridor
* Wakhjir Pass
* Far East
* Ring of Fire
* Asia-Pacific
* Tropical Asia

West|

* Greater Middle East
* MENA
* MENASA
* Middle East
* Red Sea
* Hanish Islands
* Caspian Sea
* Mediterranean Sea
* Zagros Mountains
* Elam
* Persian Gulf
* Pirate Coast
* Strait of Hormuz
* Greater and Lesser Tunbs
* Al-Faw Peninsula
* Gulf of Oman
* Gulf of Aqaba
* Gulf of Aden
* Balochistan
* Arabian Peninsula
* Najd
* Al-Yamama
* Hejaz
* Tihamah
* Eastern Arabia
* South Arabia
* Hadhramaut
* Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert
* Al-Sharat
* Tigris–Euphrates
* Mesopotamia
* Upper Mesopotamia
* Lower Mesopotamia
* Sawad
* Nineveh plains
* Akkad (region)
* Babylonia
* Canaan
* Aram
* Aram-Naharaim
* Eber-Nari
* Suhum
* Eastern Mediterranean
* Mashriq
* Kurdistan
* Levant
* Southern Levant
* Transjordan
* Jordan Rift Valley
* Levantine Sea
* Holy Land
* Palestine
* Land of Israel
* Golan Heights
* Hula Valley
* Galilee
* Gilead
* Judea
* Samaria
* Arabah
* Anti-Lebanon Mountains
* Sinai Peninsula
* Arabian Desert
* Syrian Desert
* Fertile Crescent
* Azerbaijan
* Syria
* Hauran
* Iranian Plateau
* Dasht-e Kavir
* Armenian Highlands
* Caucasus
* Caucasus Mountains
* Greater Caucasus
* Lesser Caucasus
* North Caucasus
* South Caucasus
* Shirvan
* Kur-Araz Lowland
* Lankaran Lowland
* Alborz
* Absheron Peninsula
* Kartli
* Anatolia
* Taurus Mountains
* Aeolis
* Paphlagonia
* Phasiane
* Isauria
* Ionia
* Bithynia
* Cilicia
* Cappadocia
* Caria
* Corduene
* Chaldia
* Doris
* Lycaonia
* Lycia
* Lydia
* Galatia
* Pisidia
* Pontus
* Mysia
* Arzawa
* Speri
* Sophene
* Biga Peninsula
* Troad
* Tuwana
* Alpide belt

South|

* Orient
* Greater India
* Indian subcontinent
* Himalayas
* Hindu Kush
* Bactria
* Carnatic region
* Tamilakam
* Western Ghats
* Eastern Ghats
* Ganges Basin
* Ganges Delta
* Guzgan
* Pashtunistan
* Punjab
* Balochistan
* Gedrosia
* Makran
* Marathwada
* Kashmir
* Kashmir Valley
* Pir Panjal Range
* Thar Desert
* Indus Valley
* Indus River Delta
* Indus Valley Desert
* Indo-Gangetic Plain
* Eastern Coastal Plains
* Kalinga
* Western Coastal Plains
* Meghalaya subtropical forests
* MENASA
* Lower Gangetic plains moist deciduous forests
* Northwestern Himalayan alpine shrub and meadows
* Doab
* Bagar tract
* Great Rann of Kutch
* Little Rann of Kutch
* Deccan Plateau
* Coromandel Coast
* Konkan
* False Divi Point
* Hindi Belt
* Ladakh
* Aksai Chin
* Gilgit-Baltistan
* Baltistan
* Shigar Valley
* High-mountain Asia
* Karakoram
* Saltoro Mountains
* Siachen Glacier
* Bengal
* Bay of Bengal
* Gulf of Khambhat
* Gulf of Kutch
* Halar
* Gulf of Mannar
* Trans-Karakoram Tract
* Wakhan Corridor
* Wakhjir Pass
* Lakshadweep
* Laccadive Islands
* Amindivi Islands
* Paropamisadae
* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* Andaman Islands
* Nicobar Islands
* Maldive Islands
* Alpide belt
* Asia-Pacific
* Tropical Asia

Southeast|

* Orient
* Sundaland
* Mainland
* Indochina
* Malay Peninsula
* Northern Triangle temperate forests
* Maritime
* Peninsular Malaysia
* Sunda Islands
* Greater Sunda Islands
* Lesser Sunda Islands
* Indonesian Archipelago
* Wallacea
* Timor
* Philippine Archipelago
* Luzon
* Visayas
* Mindanao
* Leyte Gulf
* Gulf of Thailand
* East Indies
* Nanyang
* Alpide belt
* Far East
* Ring of Fire
* Asia-Pacific
* Tropical Asia

* v
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* e

Asia articles

History|

| Chronology|

* Indian Ocean trade
* Silk Road
* Imperialism
* Decolonisation

|

By topic|

* Military
* conflicts
* Sovereignty

Geography|

* Cities
* metropolitan areas
* tallest buildings
* Countries and territories
* by population
* Extreme points
* Islands
* Lakes
* Mountains
* Rivers

Regions|

* Asia-Pacific
* Central Asia
* East Asia
* Eurasia
* Inner Asia
* North Asia
* Northeast Asia
* South Asia
* Southeast Asia
* Tropical Asia
* Western Asia

Politics|

* Heads of government
* Heads of state
* Elections
* political parties
* Human rights
* Law
* Military

Intergovernmental|

* Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)
* Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
* Bay of Bengal Initiative (BIMSTEC)
* Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
* Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)
* Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
* Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
* Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (CCASG / GCC)
* Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC)
* Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP)
* South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
* Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

Economy|

* Countries by GDP (PPP)
* Countries by HDI
* Currencies
* Stock exchanges
* Technology
* renewable energy
* Transport
* airports
* high-speed rail

Markets|

* Bond markets
* Property markets

Society|

* Demographics
* Education
* Etiquette
* Health
* Languages
* People
* ethnic groups

Culture|

* Art
* Cinema
* Cuisine
* Literature
* Music
* Philosophy
* Religion
* Sport

Future|

* Asian Century
* Chinese Century
* Indian Century
* Pacific Century

* Maps

* v
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* e

Russia articles

History|

| Timeline|

* Proto-Indo-Europeans
* Scythians
* Sarmatians
* Early Slavs
* East Slavs
* Rus' Khaganate
* Kievan Rus'
* Novgorod Republic
* Vladimir-Suzdal
* Golden Horde
* Grand Duchy of Moscow
* Tsardom of Russia
* Russian Empire
* Russian Republic
* Russian state
* Russian SFSR
* Soviet Union
* Russian Federation

|

By topic|

* Economy
* Military
* Journalism ‎
* Postal

Geography|

* Subdivisions
* Borders
* Earthquakes
* Geology
* European Russia
* Caucasus Mountains
* North Caucasus
* Caspian Sea
* Ural Mountains
* Siberia
* Russian Far East
* North Asia
* Great Russian Regions
* Extreme points
* Cities and towns
* Islands
* Lakes
* Mountains
* Rivers
* Volcanoes
* Glaciers
* Fjords
* Climate

Politics|

* Conscription
* Constitution
* Elections
* Federal budget
* Foreign relations
* Freedom of assembly
* Freedom of press
* Media
* Government
* Judiciary
* Law
* Civil Service
* Law enforcement (Prisons)
* Liberalism
* Martial law
* Military
* Opposition
* Political parties
* President of Russia
* State of emergency

Economy|

* Agriculture
* Aircraft industry
* Car industry
* Banking
* Central Bank
* Corruption
* Defence industry
* Economic regions
* Energy
* Fishing industry
* Forestry
* Gambling
* Mining
* Petroleum industry
* Russian ruble
* Russian oligarchs
* Science and technology
* Space industry
* Shipbuilding
* Trade unions
* Taxation
* Tourism
* Transport
* Telecommunications
* Waste
* Water supply and sanitation

Society|

* Demographics
* Citizens
* Abortion
* Alcoholism
* Crime
* Education
* Healthcare
* Ethnic groups
* Languages
* Human rights
* LGBT
* Immigration
* Prostitution
* Racism
* Religion
* Suicide
* Women

Culture|

* Architecture
* Arts
* Literature
* Ballet
* Cinema
* Cuisine
* Cultural icons
* Graffiti
* Inventions
* Media
* Music
* Opera
* Public holidays
* Language
* Martial arts
* Folklore
* Television
* Internet
* National anthem
* Coat of arms
* National Flag
* Sports

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North Asia. Read more

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