Sharm El Sheikh

Short description: City in Egypt

Sharm El Sheikh

شرم الشيخ

City

A view from the Red Sea

Ras Muhammad National Park

Naama Bay

Sahaba Mosque

Hadaba Marketplace

Sharm Museum

Sharm Memorial

Peace Memorial

Nickname(s):

The City of Peace

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Sharm El Sheikh

Show map of Sinai

Sharm El Sheikh

Show map of Egypt

Coordinates:  [ ⚑ ] : 27°54′54″N 34°19′39″E﻿ / ﻿27.915°N 34.3275°E﻿ / 27.915; 34.3275
Country|  Egypt
Governorate| Template:Country data South Sinai Governorate
Area

[1]

• Total| 44.68 km2 (17.25 sq mi)
Elevation

[1]

| 1 m (3 ft)
Population

(2017)[1]

• Total| 77,000
• Density| 1,700/km2 (4,500/sq mi)
Time zone| UTC+2 (EGY)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+3 (EEST)
Website| www.southsinai.gov.eg/City/Details/3

Sharm El Sheikh[lower-alpha 1] is an Egyptian city located on the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula, in South Sinai Governorate, on the coastal strip along the Red Sea in Asia.[2] Its population is approximately 77,000 as of 2017[update].[3] Sharm El Sheikh is the administrative center of Egypt's South Sinai Governorate, which includes the smaller coastal towns of Dahab and Nuweiba as well as the mountainous interior, St. Catherine and Mount Sinai.

The city was historically a fishing town and military base, and was developed into a commercial and tourist-centric city afterwards.[4] The Egyptian government continued and expanded the development, promoting Sharm El Sheikh as a major international resort city. Today, Sharm El Sheikh and its holiday resorts is a significant centre for tourism in Egypt, while also attracting many international conferences, diplomatic meetings and also concerts and clubbing.[5][6]

Downtown Sharm El Sheikh has the major concentrations of international banks in the city and is home to several large national companies.[7] The city is home to major hospitals and health facilities, including Sharm International Hospital, the city's largest hospital and others engaged in health-related care and research.[8][9] Sharm El Sheikh port is the city's seaport, which lies on the coast of the Red Sea, and the nearest airport is the city's Sharm El Sheikh International Airport.[10] Sharm El Sheikh metropolitan area is one of the most visited cities in Egypt, attracting over 10 million visitors as of 2025.[11][12]

## Contents

* 1 Name
* 2 Geography and history
* 3 Climate
* 4 Economy and tourism
* 4.1 Tourism
* 4.1.1 Water sports
* 4.2 Infrastructure and services
* 5 Culture
* 5.1 Music and performing arts
* 5.2 Sharm El-Sheikh Museum
* 5.3 Bedouin Heritage
* 5.4 Holidays and festivals
* 5.5 Religious landmarks
* 6 Infrastructure
* 6.1 Healthcare
* 6.2 Education
* 6.3 Transport
* 6.3.1 Air
* 6.3.2 Port
* 6.3.3 Bus system
* 6.3.4 Roads
* 7 International relations
* 7.1 Twin towns – sister cities
* 8 Gallery
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 Notes
* 12 External links

## Name

The English name of Sharm El Sheikh is a borrowing of the Egyptian Arabic شرم الشيخ, šarm aš-šayḵ and, as such, does not have a fixed romanisation. There are documented uses of alternate spellings such as Sharm el Sheikh and Sharm el-Sheikh, sometimes within the same news article.[13]

Sharm El Sheikh is sometimes referred to as the "City of Peace" (مدينة السلام, madinet es-salām), referring to the large number of international peace conferences that have been held there.[14]

Amongst Egyptians and also many visitors, the name of the city is commonly shortened to "Sharm" (arz), which is its common name in Egyptian Arabic.

## Geography and history

Sharm el Sheikh and the Strait of Tiran in the 1840 Kiepert map of the Sinai Peninsula. The town of Shurm is shown just north of two bays: Sharm El Sheikh and Sharm El Miya (Arabic: شرم المية). This area forms the southern tip of the modern city. Sharm El Sheikh is located on the Egyptian Red Sea coast, at the southern tip of the Sinai Peninsula

Sharm El Sheikh is on a promontory overlooking the Straits of Tiran at the mouth of the Gulf of Aqaba. Its strategic importance led to its transformation from a fishing village into a major port and naval base for the Egyptian Navy. It was conquered by Israel during the Suez Crisis of 1956 and returned to Egypt in 1957. A United Nations peacekeeping force was stationed there until 1967 when it was ordered to leave by Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, a fact that precipitated the Six-Day War during which it was reoccupied by Israel. Sharm El Sheikh remained under Israeli control from 1967 until the Sinai Peninsula was returned back to Egypt in 1982, after the Egypt–Israel peace treaty of 1979 that was signed in Washington, D.C.[15][16] During that time, an Israeli settlement named Ofira was built in the area.[17] In 1968, Israel opened an air force military base there, where Egypt later built the Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport on the same location that included an enormous $420m investment by the Egyptian Holding Company for Airports and Air Navigation, a major project that helped put the city on global map.[18][19] Unlike Sinai's other well-known settlement, Yamit, Ofira was not demolished after Israel ceded control of Sinai to Egypt following the Camp David Accords, but was returned intact and is today a thriving tourist town and home to local Egyptian residents.[20]

Egypt's former president Hosni Mubarak designated Sharm El Sheikh as The City of Peace in 1982 and the Egyptian government began a policy of encouraging massive development of the city. Egyptian businessmen and investors, along with global investors contributed to building several mega projects, including mosques and churches. The city is now an international tourist destination, and environmental zoning laws limit the height of buildings to avoid obscuring the natural beauty of the surroundings. In 2022, Sharm El-Sheikh along with another Egyptian city, Hurghada, were both chosen by Trip advisor as the world's top 25 tourist destinations.[21]

A hierarchical planning approach was adopted for the Gulf of Aqaba, whereby the area's components were evaluated and subdivided into zones, cities and centers. In accordance with this approach, the Gulf of Aqaba zone was subdivided into four cities: Taba, Nuweiba, Dahab and Sharm El Sheikh. Sharm El Sheikh city has been subdivided into five homogeneous centers, namely Nabq, Ras Nusrani, Naama Bay, Umm Sid and Sharm El Maya.

Sharm El Sheikh city, with Naama Bay, Hay el Nour, Hadaba, Rowaysat, Montazah and Shark's Bay [d] form a metropolitan area.

The site off the shore gun emplacements at Ras Nasrani opposite Tiran Island is now a diving area.[22][23][24]

In 2005, the resort was hit by the Sharm El Sheikh terrorist attacks, which were carried out by an extremist Islamist organisation targeting Egypt's tourist industry. Eighty-eight people were killed, the majority of them Egyptians, and over 200 were wounded by the attack, making it the second deadliest terrorist attack in the country's history.

The city has hosted a number of important Middle Eastern peace conferences, including the 2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks.

The city has played host to a number of important Middle Eastern peace conferences, including the 4 September 1999 agreement to establish Palestinian self-rule over the Gaza Strip. A second summit was held at Sharm on 17 October 2000 following the outbreak of the second Palestinian intifada, but it failed to end the violence. A summit was held in the city on 3 August 2005 on developments in the Arab world, such as the situation in the Arab–Israeli conflict. Again in 2007, an important ministerial meeting took place in Sharm, where dignitaries discussed Iraqi reconstruction.[25]

The World Economic Forum on the Middle East was hosted by Sharm El Sheikh in 2006[26] and 2008.[27] Amidst the 2011 Egyptian protests, then-president Mubarak reportedly went to Sharm El Sheikh and resigned there on 11 February 2011.[28] The 2014 World Economic Forum in Sharm El Sheikh heralded a new initiative for desert cities urban development in Egypt.[29]

John Kerry, Sam Cho, and others at COP27, Sharm-El-Sheikh, Egypt (2022).

In November 2022, the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP27) was held in Sharm El Sheikh.[30] This conference led to the first loss and damage fund being created.[31]

On Monday, October 13, 2025, the city hosted an international summit titled "Sharm El-Sheikh Peace Summit" co-chaired by President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi and US President Donald Trump, with the participation of world leaders from more than 20 countries aiming to end the war in the Gaza Strip.[32]

## Climate

Sharm El Sheikh

Climate chart (explanation)

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Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Climate-Data.org[33]
| Imperial conversion

J| F| M| A| M| J| J| A| S| O| N| D

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches

The city experiences a subtropical arid climate, classified by the Köppen–Geiger system as hot desert (BWh).[33] Temperatures are just short of a tropical climate. Typical temperatures range from 18 to 23 °C (64 to 73 °F) in January and 33 to 37 °C (91 to 99 °F) in August. The temperature of the Red Sea in this region ranges from 21 to 28 °C (70 to 82 °F) over the course of the year.[34]

Marsa Alam, Kosseir and Sharm El Sheikh have the warmest winter night temperatures of cities and resorts in Egypt.

The highest recorded temperature was 46 °C (115 °F) on 3 June 2013, and the lowest recorded temperature was 5 °C (41 °F) on 23 February 2000.[35] Script error: No such module "weather box". Script error: No such module "weather box".

Climate data for Sharm El-Sheikh

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Average sea temperature °C (°F)  | 23.3
(74.0)  | 22.4
(72.4)  | 22.6
(72.7)  | 23.1
(73.6)  | 24.6
(76.3)  | 26.3
(79.4)  | 28.3
(83.0)  | 28.8
(83.9)  | 27.9
(82.1)  | 27.5
(81.5)  | 25.6
(78.2)  | 24.4
(75.9)  | 25.4
(77.8)
Mean daily daylight hours  | 11.0  | 11.0  | 12.0  | 13.0  | 14.0  | 14.0  | 14.0  | 13.0  | 12.0  | 11.0  | 11.0  | 10.0  | 12.2
Average Ultraviolet index | 5  | 6  | 8  | 11  | 11  | 11+  | 11+  | 11  | 10  | 8  | 5  | 4  | 8.4
Source #1: seatemperature.org (Sea temperature)[40]
Source #2: Weather Atlas[41]

## Economy and tourism

### Tourism

Soho Square Sharm El Sheikh Naama Bay Casino

Sharm El Sheikh's major industry is foreign and domestic tourism, owing to its landscape, year-round dry climate with long hot summers and warm winters and its long beaches. Its waters are clear and calm for most of the year and have become popular for various water sports, particularly recreational scuba diving and snorkelling.[42][43] There is an opportunity for scientific tourism in the city due to the diversity of marine life, as it contains 250 different types of coral reefs and 1000 types of fish.[44][45]

These natural resources, together with its proximity to tourist markets in Europe, have stimulated rapid growth in tourism in the region. The number of resorts has increased from three in 1982 to ninety-one in 2000. Guest nights also increased in that period from sixteen thousand to 5.1 million. International hotel companies that currently operate in the city include Accor (Mövenpick, Novotel, Rixos), Deutsche Hospitality (Steigenberger), Four Seasons, Hilton (DoubleTree), Marriott (Renaissance, Sheraton), and Rotana, with categories of three to five stars. In 2007, the first aqua park hotel resort opened in the area. The four-star Aqua Blu Sharm Resort was built on the Ras Om El Seid, with an area of 133,905 square metres (1,441,340 sq ft).

Sharm is also home to a congress center, located along Peace Road, where international political and economic meetings have been held, including peace conferences, ministerial meetings, world bank meetings, and Arab League meetings. The Ras Muhammad National Park, at the southernmost tip of the peninsula, has been designated a national park, protecting the area's wildlife, natural landscape, shoreline and coral reef. There are a number of international hotels and restaurants in the centre of Sharm El Sheikh, in the area known as Naama Bay, with golf courses and other leisure facilities further up the coast.

Naama Bay mall

The Nabq Managed Resource Protected Area is a 600-square-kilometre (230 sq mi) area of mangroves, coral reefs, fertile dunes, birds and wildlife.[46][47]

As of 2012, nationals from the EU and the US do not require a visa for travel to Sharm El Sheikh if the visit is for fourteen days or less, although those travelling outside the Sinai area may still require a visa, which is purchasable for a small fee on arrival.[48] Visitors are often ushered into a queue to buy a visa after entering the airport upon landing.

#### Water sports

Sharm El Sheikh has become a popular location for scuba diving as a result of its underwater scenery and warm waters.[49][50] Other beach activities include snorkelling, wind surfing, kite-surfing, para-sailing, boating, canoeing and stand up paddle boarding.[51][52]

Ras Muhammad National Park is located at the southernmost tip of the Sinai Peninsula where the waters of the Red Sea and Gulf of Suez meet, producing strong currents and providing a habitat for diverse marine life.

Bottle-nosed dolphins at a local dolphinarium

The Straits of Tiran are located at the mouth of the Gulf of Aqaba and in a major shipping lane. There are four reefs there, each named after one of the British cartographers who first mapped them: Gordan, Thomas, Woodhouse and Jackson. In summer months, hammerhead sharks swim in schools near the reefs.[53] The Sharm El Sheikh Hyperbaric Medical Center was founded in 1993 by the Egyptian Ministry of Tourism with a grant from USAID, to assist with diving-related medical conditions.[54]

Two reefs popular with divers are Shark Reef, a vertical wall descending to over 800 metres (2,600 ft), and Yolanda Reef, the site of the wreck of the Yolanda.[55] Jackfish Alley is alarmed drift dive known for its caves and potential sightings of large pelagic fish such as jackfish and tuna.[56][57] Other sites such as Naama Bay, Shark's Bay, and Ras Um Sid have house reefs, shallow waters, and coral formations, many accessible directly from the beach.[58][59]

### Infrastructure and services

The city of Sharm El Sheikh boasts significant infrastructure and services, heavily focused on ecotourism, sustainability, and tourism support, with major upgrades in renewable energy, specifically solar energy, sustainable transport, such as electric buses, bike lanes, advanced water desalination plants, and an integrated waste management system.[60][61] Those projects aim to be Egypt's first ICLEI City with a "Green Sharm" platform for eco-tourism and environmental innovation.[62][63] The main services in the city revolve around tourism, health and communication, supported by significant investments in water security, resource sustainability and vital and environmentally friendly infrastructure.[64][65]

Solar energy projects, with hotels adopting rooftop solar panels for energy efficiency.[66] Multiple water desalination plants also produce fresh water for commercial and residential needs. Introduction of electric buses and bike-sharing systems.[67] Also, the city includes 145 km of dedicated cycling lanes to promote low-carbon mobility. Integrated solid waste management system.[68]

A platform led by United Nations Development Programme and Ministry of Environment for green tourism, water conservation, biodiversity, and coral reef conservation plans and marine biodiversity protection. The city of Sharm El Sheikh is actively transforming into a sustainable city, leveraging its status as a premier eco-tourism destination to implement cutting-edge green infrastructure, aligning with national and global climate goals. The city is also deploying an integrated solid waste management system, and working towards being free of single-use plastic bags.[69][70] Also efforts have been made to raise the efficiency and quality of internet services in hotels and other facilities, including the use of fibre-optic cables.[71][72]

Major road development projects boosting infrastructure in the city, including the 342-km tunnel road, connects the city to other major areas such as the Martyr Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel, improving traffic flow and accessibility across South Sinai.[73] Internal road efficiency has also been a focus, including the development of a ring road and dedicated cycling lanes to promote low-carbon mobility.[74]

## Culture

### Music and performing arts

Sharm El Sheikh is considered a major location for electronic, Egyptian house, and live performance music, centered around its world-class beach clubs and vibrant plazas.[75] The city attracts a large number of musicians, singers, actors, dancers, and orchestral players. The city has numerous orchestras, symphonies, and performing art conservatories.[76][77] Besides the Sharm El Sheikh Theater, other venues include Space Sharm, La Dolce Vita Club, Bus Stop Club, Taj Mahal Club, Hard Rock Cafe Sharm el Sheikh, SOHO Square Sharm El Sheikh and Farsha Cafe.[78][79]

### Sharm El-Sheikh Museum

Main article: Organization:Sharm El Sheikh Museum

Upper part of a colossus of Ramses II, 19th dynasty in Sharm El Sheikh Museum

The city’s first museum of antiquities, featuring artifacts that highlight the evolution of Egyptian civilization and Sinai’s cultural legacy. The museum highlights the city and its archaeological and historical significance, showcasing 7,000 artifacts spanning from Ancient Egypt to Modern Egypt.[80][81] It features seven exhibition halls, theater, cinema, conference hall, lounges, shops, bazaars, children's and family library, desalination plant, and a seawater treatment plant for irrigating the museum's grounds. Additional facilities include generator rooms and storage for artifacts.[82][83]

### Bedouin Heritage

While a modern city, the bedouin culture of the Sinai Peninsula is a core part of the local identity of the city. Many visitors participate in "Bedouin Nights," which include traditional buffet dinners under the stars, Tanura dancing, folk music, and fire shows.[84][85] Local markets feature Bedouin-style embroidery, handmade carpets, and traditional jewelry. Old Market (Sharm El Maya) is the heart of traditional life in the city.[86][87]

### Holidays and festivals

Sharm El Sheikh celebrates a mix of Islamic, Coptic Christian, and national holidays, featuring vibrant festivals like the Eid holidays such as Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, religious observances like Coptic Christmas on January 7th and Mawlid al-Nabi, and national days such as Revolution Day on January 25th and Egyptian Armed Forces Day on October 6th, alongside cultural events such as Sham El-Nessim and unique spectacles offering diverse cultural experiences year-round. The city also celebrates April 25th as national day for the Sinai Peninsula.[88] Ramadan is the holy month of fasting, observed with special meals and community focus.[89][90]

### Religious landmarks

El-Mostafa Mosque The Heavenly Cathedral

Mosques

El-Sahaba Mosque, is located in the Old Market, a masterpiece of contemporary Islamic architecture with towering 76-meter minarets. El-Mostafa Mosque is one of the most famous mosques in the city as well. Inaugurated in 2007, the mosque covers an area of 27,000 square meters, has a height of 12 meters, its minarets reach 71 meters, and its dome is 31 meters high.[91]

Cathedrals

Known for its ceiling frescoes and intricate religious art,[92] the church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Mina is the primary church in the city of Sharm El Sheikh dedicated to the Virgin Mary is the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary and St. Mina. There is also the St. Mary Catholic Church in the city.[93]

## Infrastructure

### Healthcare

Sharm El Sheikh has a well-developed, primarily private healthcare system with several quality hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies that cater to both residents and tourists. Many facilities offer multilingual staff.[94]

Major hospitals and medical centers in the city of Sharm El Sheikh include; Sharm International Hospital, South Sinai Hospital, Sharm Peace Hospital, Misr Hospital and the Hyperbaric Medical Center.[95][96]

### Education

King Salman International University

Main article: Organization:King Salman International University

King Salman International University, has one of its three smart campuses in Sharm El Sheikh. The campus hosts faculties such as Al-Alsun and applied languages, tourism and hospitality, art and design, and architecture.[97]

K-12 Schools

The city has several public, international and private schools catering to various curricula, which are often the preferred choice for residents and expatriates.[98][99]

* International schools include L'Ecole Française de Sharm el Sheikh, Sharm International British School, St. Joseph's International School, and Sharm El Sheikh College: offers national education programs.
* Other schools include Sharm Prime School, Geel October School, Sharm College, El Fayrouz Language School, Sharm British School, and the Sheikh Official Language School.[100][101]

### Transport

#### Air

Sharm El Sheikh International Airport

The city is served by Sharm El Sheikh International Airport, the third largest airport in Egypt, and one of the busiest airports in the Middle East. Sharm el-Sheikh International Airport has two main passenger terminals, with the larger terminal, handling most international flights, and the other terminal, which is primarily used for domestic flights.[102][103]

#### Port

Sharm El Sheikh Port belongs to the General Authority for Red Sea Ports. It is located on the Red Sea coast at the southernmost point of the Sinai Peninsula, at the meeting point of the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, at the head of the southern triangle represented by the Sinai Peninsula, 156 nautical miles from the port of Suez, 380 km south of the city of Suez, and 490 km from Cairo. Sharm's marina also has been redeveloped for private yachts and sailing boats, with a passenger terminal for cruise ships.[104]

#### Bus system

The bus system is highly simple and can be easy to an outsider. The Sharm El Sheikh city management has established a system of Green buses. These buses are electric and environmentally friendly. The city also uses buses with specific routes and destinations, generally written on their windshields and most hotels own their own buses. The city has also frequent coach services to Cairo leaving from the Delta Sharm bus station.[105][106]

#### Roads

A road in Sharm

Sharm El Sheikh is connected to the rest of Egypt to the west by the Suez-Sharm El Sheikh road, extending to Cairo, a distance of over 500 km. This route passes through the Ahmed Hamdi Tunnel under the Suez Canal. To the east, the city is connected by the 240 km Sharm El Sheikh-Taba road, which is also a single-lane road. Lampposts on El Salaam Street use solar power. Taxis and buses are numbered for safety.[107][108]

## International relations

### Twin towns – sister cities

* Aqaba,  Jordan[109] (since December 2015)
* Swakopmund,  Namibia[110] (since June 2008)

## Gallery

* Naama Beach

* Naama Beach

* Ras Muhammad National Park

* Naama Bay Promenade

* Aerial view

* Red Sea reef

* Red Sea reef

* View of the Red Sea from a local resort hotel

* Nabq Protected Area

## See also

* Red Sea Riviera
* South Sinai Hospital
* Ras Sedr
* Dahab
* Taba
* Nuweiba
* List of cities and towns in Egypt

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Sharm ash-Shaykh 1 (Kism (fully urban), Egypt) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". https://www.citypopulation.de/en/egypt/admin/sīnā_al_janūbiyah/3508__sharm_ash_shaykh_1/.
2. ↑ Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, https://www.themodernpostcard.com/sharm-el-sheikh-egypt-a-day-at-the-beach-a-lesson-in-geography/, retrieved 12 October 2025
3. ↑ "173 ألف نسمة إجمالي تعداد سكان جنوب سيناء.. وشرم الشيخ الأولى بعدد السكان" (in ar-eg). https://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=24042017&id=e31cb7cf-4e29-4077-aee6-36ab97bd3e6d.
4. ↑ "Sharm El-Sheikh". 2022-06-22. https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/169629/Sharm-El-Sheikh.
5. ↑ "Egypt: Sharm El-Sheikh Peace Summit on Gaza among most significant political events in recent years". 2025-10-15. https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/142876/Egypt-Sharm-El-Sheikh-Peace-Summit-on-Gaza-among-most.
6. ↑ "New Electric Car Hailing App Launches for COP27 in Sharm El Sheikh". https://cairoscene.com/buzz/new-electric-car-hailing-app-launches-for-cop27-in-sharm-el-sheikh.
7. ↑ "Created vulnerabilities: political economy of tourism development in Sharm El Sheikh". https://fount.aucegypt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1802&context=etds.
8. ↑ "Egypt welcomes record 15.7 million tourists in 2024 despite regional challenges" (in en-US). 2025-01-07. https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2025/01/07/egypt-welcomes-record-15-7-million-tourists-in-2024-despite-regional-challenges/.
9. ↑ "Sharm El Sheikh Intl Hospital to Become Egypt's First Green Hospital". https://cairoscene.com/buzz/sharm-el-sheikh-intl-hospital-to-become-egypt-s-first-green-hospital.
10. ↑ "Sharm El-Sheikh 10th best November tourist destination: The Times - Tourism - Egypt". https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/1238/552364/Egypt/Tourism/Sharm-ElSheikh-th-best-November-tourist-destinatio.aspx#:~:text=Hotel occupancy rates in Sharm,10 million tourists a year..
11. ↑ "Egypt welcomes 15.78 million tourists in 2024, aims for 30 million annually in coming years" (in en-US). https://economymiddleeast.com/news/egypt-welcomes-15-78-million-tourists-in-2024-aims-for-30-million-annually-in-coming-years/.
12. ↑ Tragento, Redakcija (2025-08-25). "Egypt's tourism boom in 2025: Full hotels, new museums and record increase in visitors" (in en). https://tragento.com/en/Egypt's-tourism-boom-in-2025:-full-hotels--new-museums-and-a-record-increase-in-visitors/.
13. ↑ Stallard, Esme (2022-12-08). "COP27: What was agreed at the Sharm el Sheikh climate conference?". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-63781303.
14. ↑ Al-Mukhtar, Rima (23 November 2012). "Sharm El-Sheikh, city of peace". Arab News. http://www.arabnews.com/travel/sharm-el-sheikh-city-peace.
15. ↑ "Camp David Accords: Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel". The Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum. https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/research/framework_for_the_conclusion_of_a_peace_treaty.
16. ↑ "Israel returns Sinai to Egypt". https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/04/25/Israel-returns-Sinai-to-Egypt/1136388558800/.
17. ↑ "Back to the Future: New Released Documents Show Israel, U.S. Tensions, Circa 1975". Haaretz. Sep 25, 2012. https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2012-09-25/ty-article/israel-u-s-tension-the-70s-version/0000017f-f08d-d223-a97f-fdddfaa90000?v=1699509679658.
18. ↑ Sharm el-Sheik International Airport, https://www.airport-technology.com/projects/sharm-el-sheikh-international-airport/, retrieved 13 October 2025
19. ↑ "Sharm El Sheikh Airport Assistance". https://sharmelsheikhairportassistance.com/.
20. ↑ "Good Vibes in Sharm E-sheikh: Israelis Touring Egypt". The Jerusalem Post. Jan 7, 2023. https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-726737.
21. ↑ Tripadvisor has chosen Hurghada and Sharm El Sheikh among the best tourist destinations in the world during the current year 2022, https://egymonuments.gov.eg/news/tripadvisor-has-chosen-hurghada-and-sharm-el-sheikh-among-the-best-tourist-destinations-in-the-world-during-the-current-year-2022/, retrieved 13 October 2025
22. ↑ The Jewish Agency's Digest of Press and Events Jewish Agency for Israel - 1956 Egyptian Blockade. "The point on the south-eastern coast of Sinai directly facing Tiran is known as Ras Nasrani."
23. ↑ Kenes Ha-shenati - Page 50 Ḥevrah ha-geʼologit ha-Yiśreʼelit. Kenes - 1982 "Between Eilat and Ras Nasrani
24. ↑ Al J. Venter, Darrell Hattingh Where to dive in southern Africa and off the islands Page 249 ISBN 1-874800-17-0 1990
25. ↑ "Sharm el-Sheikh Conference on Iraq Offers US Interaction with Countries in the Region". Voice of America. May 11, 2007. https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-2007-05-10-voa36/404194.html.
26. ↑ "World Economic Forum opens in Egypt". China Daily. 2006-05-22. http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/2006-05/22/content_596675.htm.
27. ↑ World Economic Forum Retrieved 2010-03-21
28. ↑ "'This Is A New Egypt!' Nation Exults As Mubarak Quits". NPR. 11 February 2011. https://www.npr.org/2011/03/21/133674942/this-is-a-new-egypt-nation-exults-as-mubarak-quits.
29. ↑ Routledge Handbook on Cairo: Histories, Representations and Discourses. Taylor & Francis. 2022. ISBN 9781000787894.
30. ↑ Yee, Vivian (5 November 2022). "Hosting Climate Summit is Both Opportunity and Risk for Egypt". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/05/world/middleeast/egypt-cop27.html.
31. ↑ "Climate change: Five key takeaways from COP27". BBC News. 20 November 2022. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-63693738.
32. ↑ Sharm El-Sheikh Hosts International Peace Summit on Monday, https://www.presidency.eg/en/قسم-الأخبار/أخبار-رئاسية/news11102025-2/, retrieved 13 October 2025
33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 "Climate: Sharm el-Sheikh - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table". Climate-Data.org. http://en.climate-data.org/location/4552/.
34. ↑ "Sharm el-Sheikh Climate and Weather Averages". Weather2Travel. http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/egypt/sharm-el-sheikh/.
35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Sharm el-Shekh". Voodoo Skies. http://voodooskies.com/weather/egypt/sharm-el-sheikh.
36. ↑ "World Weather Information Service - Sharm El-Sheikh". World Meteorological Organization. http://worldweather.wmo.int/059/c01269.htm.
37. ↑ "Climate & Weather Averages in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt". Time and Date. https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/egypt/sharm-el-sheikh/climate.
38. ↑ "Monthly weather forecast and climate in Sharm-el-Sheikh, Egypt". Weather Atlas. https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/egypt/sharm-el-sheikh-climate#daylight_sunshine.
39. ↑ "Sharm El Sheikh Airport Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-1-WMO-Normals-9120/Egypt/CSV/SharmElSheikhAP_62460.csv.
40. ↑ "Monthly Sharm El Sheikh water temperature chart". Seatemperature.org. http://www.seatemperature.org/africa/egypt/sharm-el-shheikh-february.htm.
41. ↑ "Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt - Climate data". Weather Atlas. https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/egypt/sharm-el-sheikh-climate.
42. ↑ "Sharm El Sheikh July Weather for Travel Planning" (in en). https://www.magnificenttravel.com/en/blog/egypt/sharm-el-sheikh-weather-in-july/.
43. ↑ "What Is the Hottest Month in Sharm? | ®ExcursionMania" (in en). https://excursionmania.com/article/what-is-the-hottest-month-in-sharm-blg-6176.
44. ↑ "Sharm el Sheikh weather by month: water temperature air" (in en). 2024-11-30. https://jaztours.com/en/blog-v-egypte/sharm-bagoda-tempratora/.
45. ↑ "The winter sun destinations with the hottest weather in January" (in en). 2025-12-08. https://metro.co.uk/2025/12/08/hot-january-best-winter-sun-destinations-book-2026-25277275/.
46. ↑ "Tourism: Diving and Safaris.. Ras Mohammad, Nabq, Abu-Galum". Egypt Magazine (Egypt State Information Service). Summer 2003. http://www2.sis.gov.eg/En/Pub/magazin/summer2003/110227000000000007.htm. Retrieved 6 June 2010.
47. ↑ "Sinai - Nabq Managed Resource". geographia.com. http://www.geographia.com/egypt/sinai/protectedarea.htm.
48. ↑ "Egyptian Consulate visa requirements". http://www.egyptianconsulate.co.uk/Visas.php.
49. ↑ "World Diving Review: Scuba Diving in Sharm El Sheikh". http://www.worlddivingreview.com/scuba-diving-in-sharm-el-sheikh.
50. ↑ Fox, Web. "Parasailing Ride Activity in Sharm El Sheikh" (in en). https://www.sharmsmile.com/parasailing-in-sharm-el-sheikh/262922138?srsltid=AfmBOoovSGJyPOXVIINFfdhZd2p92wrX0-daTXGfY9hMKxGjo_qUaVxl.
51. ↑ "Sharm El-Sheikh 10th best November tourist destination: The Times - Tourism - Egypt". https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/552364.aspx.
52. ↑ MSadmin (2023-05-25). "5 Reasons Why Sharm El Sheikh is a Diving Paradise" (in en-US). https://scorpiondive.com/sharm-el-sheikh/5-reasons-why-sharm-el-sheikh-is-a-diving-paradise/.
53. ↑ "What sharks are there in Egypt?" (in en-US). https://ewdr.com/en/dive-inspiration/sharks-in-egypt/.
54. ↑ Tag, Nadine (2025-08-05). "Why The Green City of Sharm El-Sheikh is a Model for Sustainable Living | Egyptian Streets" (in en-US). https://egyptianstreets.com/2025/08/05/why-the-green-city-of-sharm-el-sheikh-is-a-model-for-sustainable-living/.
55. ↑ "Shark & Yolanda Reef dive site in Sharm El Sheikh". https://www.circledivers.com/diving-in-sharm-el-sheikh/dive-sites/shark-yolanda-reef-ras-mohammed.
56. ↑ "7 Incredible Dive Sites in Egypt" (in en-US). 2023-06-02. https://www.cairo360.com/article/sights-travel/7-incredible-dive-sites-in-egypt/.
57. ↑ REDSEA (2020-03-31). "Shark & Yolanda Reefs" (in en-US). https://www.redsea-diving.com/shark-jolanda-reefs/.
58. ↑ Keith, Lauren. "10 of the best things to do on Egypt’s Red Sea coast" (in en). https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/year-round-adventures-red-sea-coast.
59. ↑ "The 10 Best Dive Sites in Egypt" (in en). https://www.tripsavvy.com/diving-in-egypt-4801535.
60. ↑ "An urban transformation towards sustainability is underway in Sharm El-Sheikh | UNDP Climate Promise" (in en). 2023-08-28. https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/urban-transformation-towards-sustainability-underway-sharm-el-sheikh.
61. ↑ "PM inspects development projects in Sharm El Sheikh ahead of COP27| The Arab Contractors". https://www.arabcont.com/english/Release-2022-1815.
62. ↑ "Sharm El Sheikh Wins Global Accolade for Safest Tourist Destination, Prime Minister Lauds Achievement". 2024-02-26. https://www.businesstodayegypt.com/Article/1/4130/Sharm-El-Sheikh-Wins-Global-Accolade-for-Safest-Tourist-Destination.
63. ↑ "Minister of Planning, Economic Development, and International Cooperation Reviews Investment Projects in South Sinai with Governor" (in en). https://mped.gov.eg/singlenews?id=5623.
64. ↑ "Sharm el-Sheikh City" (in en-ZA). https://africa.iclei.org/iclei_member/sharm-el-sheikh-city-egypt/.
65. ↑ "An urban transformation towards sustainability is underway in Sharm El-Sheikh | UNDP Climate Promise" (in en). 2023-08-28. https://climatepromise.undp.org/news-and-stories/urban-transformation-towards-sustainability-underway-sharm-el-sheikh.
66. ↑ "Solar PV plant in Sharm El Sheikh". https://www.hassanallam.com//news/solar-pv-plant-in-sharm-el-sheikh/.
67. ↑ "Ministry of Planning, Economic Development and International Cooperation Reviews Details of Public Investments for South Sinai Governorate" (in en). https://mped.gov.eg/singlenews?id=6705.
68. ↑ واللوجستيات, قطاع النقل البحري. "SHARM EL SHEIKH PORT" (in en-US). https://www.mts.gov.eg/en/port/ميناء-شرم-الشيخ/.
69. ↑ Egypt, Daily News (2022-09-26). "Environment Minister signs agreement on solid waste management in Sharm El-Sheikh - Dailynewsegypt" (in en-US). https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2022/09/27/environment-minister-signs-agreement-on-solid-waste-management-in-sharm-el-sheikh/.
70. ↑ Webmaster (2022-10-30). "COP27: Sharm El-Sheikh first sustainable green city in Egypt" (in en-gb). https://cci-egypt.org/events/press-release/126-cop27-sharm-el-sheikh-first-sustainable-green-city-in-egypt.
71. ↑ admin (2024-09-16). "Telecom Egypt: Game-Changing Projects, Advanced Tech and Strategic Ambitions" (in en-US). https://www.subseacables.net/exclusive-interviews/telecom-egypt-game-changing-projects-advanced-tech-and-strategic-ambitions/.
72. ↑ Egypt, Daily News (2022-03-10). "Tourism, ICT Ministers inspect hotels’ commitment to minimum internet speed - Dailynewsegypt" (in en-US). https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2022/03/10/tourism-ict-ministers-inspect-hotels-commitment-to-minimum-internet-speed/.
73. ↑ www.turndigital.net. "Tunnel Road, Sharm El-Sheikh". https://www.presidency.eg/en/المشاريع-القومية/طريق-النفق-_-شرم-الشيخ/.
74. ↑ "27 national projects to be completed in Sharm El-Sheikh ahead of COP27: South Sinai governorate - Urban & Transport - Egypt". https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/1235/466818/Egypt/Urban--Transport/-national-projects-to-be-completed-in-Sharm-ElShei.aspx.
75. ↑ "The Real Thing Band" (in en). https://www.experienceegypt.eg/en/event/109/the-real-thing-band-.
76. ↑ "Concerts & Events in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt | Bandsintown". https://www.bandsintown.com/c/sharm-el-sheikh-egypt.
77. ↑ "New Year’s Eve La Dolce Vita Desert Club Sharm El Sheikh | DJ Damante Live" (in en-US). https://dolcevitasharm.com/.
78. ↑ "The Best Clubs in Sharm El Sheikh" (in en-GB). https://www.domina.it/en/blog/the-best-clubs-in-sharm-el-sheikh/.
79. ↑ "Spotify – Web Player" (in en). https://open.spotify.com/playlist/4Z9nn15CUumWBcdcE1mexK.
80. ↑ Samir, Nehal (2022-11-07). "Sharm El-Sheikh Museum hosts ‘Egypt and Its Environmental Legacy’ exhibition on sidelines of COP27 - Dailynewsegypt" (in en-US). https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2022/11/07/sharm-el-sheikh-museum-hosts-egypt-and-its-environmental-legacy-exhibition-on-sidelines-of-cop27/.
81. ↑ "Solar Power Plant to Be Constructed at Sharm El-Sheikh Museum". https://cairoscene.com/buzz/solar-power-plant-to-be-constructed-at-sharm-el-sheikh-museum.
82. ↑ "محافظ جنوب سيناء يتفقد متحف شرم الشيخ وحديقة السلام" (in ar). https://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/143713.aspx.
83. ↑ "The Sharm al-Sheikh Museum" (in en). https://www.experienceegypt.eg/en/attraction-details/353/the-sharm-al-sheikh-museum.
84. ↑ "A Haven for Sun, Sea, and Adventure" (in en). https://www.experienceegypt.eg/en/city/16/sharm-al-sheikh.
85. ↑ "Sharm al-Sheikh Museum" (in en). https://egymonuments.gov.eg/en/museums/sharm-al-sheikh-museum/.
86. ↑ "The Heavenly Cathedral - Travel2Egypt" (in en-US). 2023-12-30. https://travel2egypt.org/the-heavenly-cathedral/.
87. ↑ Service, Egyptra Travel (2025-01-01). "Old Market Sharm El Sheikh: Traditional Egyptian Bazaar" (in English). https://egyptra.pro/old-market-sharm-el-sheikh.
88. ↑ sabry, omar (2025-05-05). "25th April: Sinai Liberation Day and ANZAC Day - Real Egypt" (in en-US). https://realegypt.com/2025/05/05/25th-april-sinai-liberation-day-and-anzac-day/.
89. ↑ www.turndigital.net. "National Holidays 2025". https://www.presidency.eg/en/مصر/العطلات-الرسمية/.
90. ↑ "Festivals in Egypt 2025 - Ramadan in Egypt 2025 - Public Holidays in Egypt 2025" (in en). 2018-03-29. https://www.egypttoursportal.com/festivals-and-holidays-in-egypt/.
91. ↑ "Travellingfoot". https://travellingfoot.com/best-places-to-visit-in-egypt/tourist-attractions-in-sharm-el-sheikh/al-mustafa-mosque.
92. ↑ "The Heavenly Cathedral in Sharm El Sheikh" (in en). https://egyptonlinetour.com/blog/the-heavenly-cathedral-in-sharm-el-sheikh.
93. ↑ "Virgin Mary and Saint Mina Coptic Orthodox Church, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt" (in en). https://orthodox-world.org/en/i/23155/egypt/janub-sina'/sharm-el-sheikh/church/virgin-mary-and-saint-mina-coptic-orthodox-church.
94. ↑ "Sharm El Sheikh International Hospital - The Best Medical Services Company In Affrica And Middle East" (in en-US). 2024-01-02. https://newmaster-ima.com/sharm-el-sheikh-international-hospital/.
95. ↑ "Sanità a Sharm El-Sheikh - All you need in Sharm". https://www.allyouneedinsharm.com/sections/assistenza-sanitaria.html#:~:text=In conclusion, Sharm el-Sheikh,+20 12 22124292.
96. ↑ "South Sinai Hospital - Sharm El Sheikh". https://www.southsinaihospital.com/#:~:text=Welcome to South Sinai Hospital,be your safe care destination..
97. ↑ "Sharm El Sheikh University" (in en). https://ramwgroup.com/en/projects/education/sharm-el-sheikh-university/#:~:text=Sharm El Sheikh University - Ramwgroup,employability requirements of our students..
98. ↑ easyschools. "EasySchools" (in en). https://www.easyschools.org/en/schools.
99. ↑ "Ministry of International Cooperation - Education" (in en). https://moic.gov.eg/sector/Education/3#:~:text=King Salman University has three,25,000 students at the university..
100. ↑ "St. Joseph's International School – Sharm ElShiekh" (in en-US). https://www.stjoseph-sharm.com/.
101. ↑ easyschools. "EasySchools" (in en). https://www.easyschools.org/en/schoolProfile/sharm-el-sheikh-college.
102. ↑ airportinformation.com. "Explore Sharm El Sheikh Airport – services and amenities" (in en). https://www.airportinformation.com/SSH.
103. ↑ "Sharm El-Sheikh Airport Guide" (in en-US). https://www.sleepinginairports.net/guides/sharm-el-sheikh-airport-guide.htm.
104. ↑ IT Department - RSPA - it@rspa.gov.eg. "ميناء شرم الشيخ" (in ar-eg). http://www.rspa.gov.eg/dports/sharm.html.
105. ↑ "Public Transportation Prices in Sharm El Sheikh" (in en). https://www.sharm-club.com/egypt/travel-guide/sharm-el-sheikh-public-transportation-prices.
106. ↑ Pegasus. "Public Transport in Sharm El-Sheikh" (in en). https://www.flypgs.com/en/city-guide/public-transport-in-sharm-el-sheikh.
107. ↑ "الصفحة غير موجودة - بوابة الأهرام" (in ar). https://www.ahram.org.eg/Archive/2004/10/21/FRON14.htm.
108. ↑ "Rahalat". https://www.rahalat.net/masafat.php.
109. ↑ "Sharm, Aqaba sign twin-town agreement, 16. December 2015". www.arabtoday. Arab Today. http://www.arabtoday.net/83/sharm-aqaba-sign-twin-town-agreement.
110. ↑ Swakopmunder Lightbeams, Newsletter of the Municipality of Swakopmund: SISTER CITIES & TOWNS, S. 6, July 2008 (PDF; 940 kB)

## Notes

1. ↑ (Egyptian Arabic: شرم الشيخ, romanized: Šarm eš-Šayḫ, arz, literally "bay of the Sheikh"), alternatively rendered Sharm el-Sheikh or Charm el Sheikh

## External links

* Sharm El Sheikh - Egyptian Tourism Authority

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