RIS (file format)

Short description: Standardized tag format for references exchange

RISFilename extension| `.ris`

|

Internet media type| `application/x-research-info-systems`
Type of format| Bibliography

RIS is a standardized tag format developed by Research Information Systems, Incorporated (the format name refers to the company) to enable citation programs to exchange data.[1] It is supported by a number of reference managers. Many digital libraries, like IEEE Xplore, Scopus, the ACM Portal, Scopemed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Rayyan, Accordance Bible Software,[2] and online library catalogs can export citations in this format. Citation management applications can export and import citations in this format.

## Contents

* 1 Format
* 1.1 Example record
* 1.2 Example multi-record format
* 2 Tags
* 3 Type of reference
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Format

The RIS file format—two letters, two spaces and a hyphen—is a tagged format for expressing bibliographic citations. According to the specifications,[3][4][5] the lines must end with the ASCII carriage return and line feed characters. Note that this is the convention on Microsoft Windows, while in other contemporary operating systems, particularly Unix, the end of line is typically marked by line feed only.

Multiple citation records can be present in a single RIS file. A record ends with an "end record" tag `ER -` with no additional blank lines between records.

### Example record

This is an example of how the article "Claude E. Shannon. A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27:379–423, July 1948" would be expressed in the RIS file format:

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shannon, Claude E.
PY  - 1948
DA  - July
TI  - A Mathematical Theory of Communication
T2  - Bell System Technical Journal
SP  - 379
EP  - 423
VL  - 27
ER  -

### Example multi-record format

This is an example of how two citation records would be expressed in a single RIS file. Note the first record ends with `ER -` and the second record begins with `TY - JOUR`:

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shannon, Claude E.
PY  - 1948
DA  - July
TI  - A Mathematical Theory of Communication
T2  - Bell System Technical Journal
SP  - 379
EP  - 423
VL  - 27
ER  -
TY  - JOUR
T1  - On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem
A1  - Turing, Alan Mathison
JO  - Proc. of London Mathematical Society
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
SP  - 230
EP  - 265
Y1  - 1937
ER  -

## Tags

The `TY -` tag must appear first and the `ER -` tag must appear last.[6][7][8] Most tags must appear at most once, but the author, keyword, and URL tags can be repeated.[6]

Each name must be formatted as a comma-separated list of last name, first name (including middle names, can be initials), and suffix, in that order, and must not be longer than 255 characters.[6][9][10][8] Unless otherwise specified, each date must be formatted as a slash-separated list of 4-digit year, 2-digit month, 2-digit day, and other info (e.g. season); unused fields may be omitted if they are at the end.[6][11][8]

Many strings have limits on what characters they can contain (e.g. any ASCII character, just alphanumerics, or just digits) or their length (often limited to 255 characters). These are only sometimes noted in the table below; see the linked sources to double-check, particularly [9] and the pages in RIS Format Specifications.

There are two major versions of the RIS specification, one from 2001, and one from the end of 2011 with different lists of tags for each type of record, sometimes with different meanings.[4][5][12][13] Below is an excerpt of the main RIS tags, from both versions. Except for `TY -` and `ER -`, order of tags is free and their inclusion is optional.[better source needed]

Tag | Meaning (see linked references for more details, such as which types have which interpretations)

|

A1  | Interviewee.[14] (Primary) author.[9][10][15][16][17][18] Synonym of AU.[8]
A2  | Secondary author/editor/translator, e.g. editor, performers, sponsor, series editor, reporter, institution, name of file, producer, series director, department, interviewer, issuing organization, recipient, or narrator. The tag must be repeated for each person. Synonym of ED.[6][9][10][14][8][15][16][18][19][20]
A3  | Tertiary author/editor/translator, e.g. series editor/author, illustrator, editor, higher court, producer, director, international author, publisher, or advisor. The tag must be repeated for each person.[6][9][10][14][8][15][18][19][20] Collaborators.[16][17]
A4  | Subsidiary/quaternary author/editor/translator, e.g. translator, counsel, sponsor, funding agency, performers, producer, department/division, or volume editor. The tag must be repeated for each person.[6][14][15][18][20]
A5  | Quinary author / compiler.[15]
A6  | Website editor.[15]
AB  | Abstract or synopsis.[6][14][8][15][17][18][19] Notes.[11][20] Synonym of N2.[8]
AD  | (Author/editor/inventor) address, e.g. postal address, email address, phone number, and/or fax number.[6][14][9][21][8][15][18][19] Institution.[20]
AN  | Accession number.[6][14][15][20]
AU  | (Primary) author/editor/translator, e.g. author, artist, created by, attribution, programmer, investigators, editor, director, interviewee, cartographer, composer, reporter, inventor, or institution. The tag must be repeated for each person. Synonym of A1.[6][10][14][8][16][17][18][19][20]
AV  | Notes.[14] Availability (description of where to find it).[9][22][8][15] Location in archives.[citation needed]
BT  | Primary/secondary title.[8][23][16][18][19] For Whole Book (BOOK) and Unpublished Work (UNPB) references, this maps to T1 or TI; for all other types, this maps to T2.[8][23] Subtitle.[16] Book title.[17]
C1  | Custom 1, e.g. legal note, cast, author affiliation, section, place published, time period, term, year cited, government body, contact name, scale, format of music, column, or sender's e-mail.[6][14][18][20]
C2  | Custom 2, e.g. PMCID, credits, year published, unit of observation, date cited, congress number, contact address, area, form of composition, issue, issue date, recieipients e-mail, or report number.[6][14][18][20]
C3  | Custom 3, e.g. size/length, title prefix, proceedings title, data type, PMCID, congress session, contact phone, size, music parts, or designated states.[6][14][18][20]
C4  | Custom 4, e.g. reviewer, dataset(s), genre, contact fax, target audience, or attorney/agent.[6][14][18][20]
C5  | Custom 5, e.g. format, packaging method, issue title, last update date, funding number, accompanying matter, format/length, references, or publisher.[6][14][18][20]
C6  | Custom 6, e.g. NIHMSID, CFDA number, legal status, issue, or volume.[6][14][18][20]
C7  | Custom 7, e.g. article number or PMCID.[6][14][18][20]
C8  | Custom 8, not used by any of the standard types.[6][14][18][20]
CA  | Caption.[6][14][18][19][20]
CL  | Classification.[15]
CN  | Call number.[6][14][15][16][18][19][20]
CP  | City/place of publication.[9][16] Issue.[21][18]
CR  | Cited references.[15]
CT  | Caption.[14] Primary title.[23][16] Address.[18] Title of unpublished reference.[citation needed]
CY  | Place published, e.g. city, conference location, country, or activity location.[6][14][21][8][16][18][19][20]
DA  | Date, e.g. date accessed, last update date, date decided, date of collection, date released, deadline, date of code edition, or date enacted.[6][14][18][20]
DB  | Name of database.[6][14][15][18][20]
DI  | Digital Object Identifier (DOI).[18]
DO  | Digital Object Identifier (DOI).[6][14][15][16][18][19][20] This used to be documented as "Document Object Index".[24]
DOI  | Digital Object Identifier (DOI).[17]
DP  | Database provider.[6][14][18][20]
DS  | Data source.[15]
ED  | Secondary author.[10] Editor.[17][18][19] Synonym of A2.[8][16] Edition.[15]
EP  | Pages.[14] End page.[9][21][8][16][17][18][19]
ER  | End of reference. Must be the last tag.[6][7][9][23][8][17]
ET  | Edition, e.g. epub (electronic publication?) date, date published, session, action of higher court, version, requirement, description of material, international patent classification, or description.[6][14][16][18][19][20]
FD  | Free-form publication data.[15]
H1  | Location (library).[16]
H2  | Location (call number).[16]
ID  | Reference identifier, may be limited to 20 alphanumeric characters.[9][23][8][15][18][19]
IP  | Identifying phrase.[15]
IS  | Number, e.g. issue or number of volumes.[6][14][9][21][8][15][16][17][18][19][20]
J1  | Notes.[14] User abbreviation 1 of journal/periodical name.[9][25][8][13][18]
J2  | Alternate title, e.g. alternate journal, abbreviated publication, abbreviation, or alternate magazine. If possible, it should be a standard abbreviation, preferably using the Index Medicus style including periods. This field is used for the abbreviated title of a book or journal name, the latter mapped to T2.[6][14][13][18][20]

User abbreviation 2 of journal/periodical name.[9][25][8][13]

JA  | Standard abbreviation for journal/periodical name.[25][13][16][17][18]
JF  | Full name of journal/periodical.[9][25][8][13][15][16][17][18][20]
JO  | Abbreviation (for journal/periodical name).[14][8][13][15][16][17][18][19] "Periodical name: full format. This is an alphanumeric field of up to 255 characters."[9][25]
K1  | Keyword.[15]
KW  | Keyword/phrase. Must be at most 255 characters long. May be repeated any number of times to add multiple keywords.[6][14][9][26][8][16][17][18][19][20]
L1  | File attachments, e.g. figure.[6][14][18][19][20] "Link to PDF. There is no practical length limit to this field. URL addresses can be entered individually, one per tag or multiple addresses can be entered on one line using a semi-colon as a separator. These links should end with a file name, and not simply a landing page. Use the UR tag for URL links."[9][22] Internet link.[16] Local file.[18]
L2  | URL.[14] "Link to Full-text. There is no practical length limit to this field. URL addresses can be entered individually, one per tag or multiple addresses can be entered on one line using a semi-colon as a separator."[9][22] Internet link.[16]
L3  | DOI.[14] Related records.[9][22] Internet link.[16]
L4  | Figure, e.g. URL or file attachments.[6][14][18][19][20] Images.[9][22] Internet link.[16] Local file.[18]
LA  | Language.[6][14][15][18][19][20]
LB  | Label.[6][14][18][20]
LK  | Links.[15]
LL  | Sponsoring library location.[15]
M1  | Number, publication number, text number, size, bill number, series volume, computer, issue, chapter, status, document number, start page, issue number, folio number, number of screens, application number, number of pages, public law number, or access date.[14][18][20] Miscellaneous 1.[9][22][8][17][18] A good place for type or genre information.[8]
M2  | Start page, notes, or number of pages.[14][20] Miscellaneous 2.[9][22][17][18]
M3  | Type of work, e.g. type (of work/article/medium/image); citation of reversal; medium; funding, patent, or thesis type; format; or form of item.[6][14][18][20] Miscellaneous 3.[9][22][8][17][18] Suitable to hold the medium.[8]
N1  | Notes.[6][14][9][11][8][16][17][18][19][20]
N2  | Abstract.[14][9][11][8][16][18] Synonym of AB.[8]
NO  | Notes.[15]
NV  | Number of volumes, e.g. extent of work, reporter abbreviation, catalog number, study number, document number, version, amount received, session number, frequency, manuscript number, US patent classification, communication number, series volume, or statute number. Ignored for Press Release (PRESS).[6][14][18][19][20]
OL  | Output language (using one of the documented numeric codes).[15]
OP  | Original publication, e.g. contents, history, content, version history, original grant number, or priority numbers.[6][14][18] Other pages.[15][20] Original foreign title.[15]
PA  | Personal notes.[15]
PB  | Publisher, e.g. court, distributor, sponsoring agency, library/archive, assignee, institution, source, or university / degree grantor.[6][14][9][21][8][15][16][17][18][19][20]
PMCID  | PMCID.[15]
PMID  | PMID.[15]
PP  | Place of publication.[15]
PY  | (Primary) (publication) year/date, e.g. year decided, year of conference, or year released.[6][14][11][8][16][17][18][20] Must always use 4 digits, with leading zeros if before 1000.[6] Synonym of Y1.[8]
RD  | Retrieved date.[15]
RI  | Reviewed item, geographic coverage, or article number.[14][18][20]
RN  | Research notes.[14][18][20]
RP  | Reprint status, e.g. reprint edition, review date, or notes. Has three possible values: "IN FILE", "NOT IN FILE", or "ON REQUEST". "ON REQUEST" must be followed by an MM/DD/YY date in parentheses.[6][14][9][26][8][17][18][20]
RT  | Reference type.[15]
SE  | Section, screens, code section, message number, pages, chapter, filed date, number of pages, original release date, version, e-pub date, duration of grant, section number, start page, international patent number, or running time.[14][18][20]
SF  | Subfile/database.[15]
SL  | Sponsoring library.[15]
SN  | ISSN, ISBN, or report/document/patent number.[14][9][21][8][15][16][17][18][19][20]
SP  | Pages, description, code pages, number of pages, first/start page, or running time.[14][9][21][8][15][16][17][18][19][20]
SR  | Source type: Print(0) or Electronic(1).[15]
ST  | Short title or abbreviated case name.[14][15][18][20]
SV  | Series volume.[14]
T1  | (Primary) title.[14][9][23][13][15][16][17][18]
T2  | Secondary title, journal, periodical, publication title, code, title of weblog, series title, book title, image source program, conference name, dictionary title, periodical title, encyclopedia title, committee, program, title number, magazine, collection title, album title, newspaper, published source, title of show, section title, academic department, or full journal name.[6][14][9][23][8][13][15][16][18][19][20] Subtitle.[16]
T3  | Tertiary title, volume title, series title, legislative body, institution, decision, website title, location of work, supplement no., international title, paper number, international source, or department.[14][9][23][8][15][16][18][19][20]
TA  | Translated author.[14][20]
TI  | (Primary) title, e.g. title of entry/grant/podcast/work, case name, or name of act.[14][23][8][13][16][17][18][19][20]
TT  | Translated title.[14][18][20]
TY  | Type of reference. Must be the first tag.[6][7][9][23][8][17][20]
U1  | Notes.[14][18] User definable 1.[9][22][8][15][16][17] Thesis-type hint.[27][19]
U2–U5  | Notes.[14][18] User definable 2–5.[9][22][8][15][16][17]
U6–U15  | User definable 6–15.[15]
UR  | Web/URL. Can be repeated for multiple tags, or multiple URLs can be entered in the same tag as a semicolon-separated list.[6][9][22][8][15][16][17][18][19][20]
VL  | Volume, code volume, access year, reporter volume, image size, edition, amount requested, rule number, volume/storage container, number, patent version number, code number, or degree.[14][9][21][8][16][17][18][19][20]
VO  | Volume.[15][18] Published Standard number.[citation needed]
WP  | Date of electronic publication.[15]
WT  | Website title.[15]
WV  | Website version.[15]
Y1  | "Year///Date".[14] Primary date/year.[9][11][16][17][18] Synonym of PY.[8]
Y2  | Access date or date enacted.[14][18][20] Secondary date.[9][11][8][16] Date of publication.[17]
YR  | Publication year.[15]

## Type of reference

The type of reference preceded by the `TY -` tag must abbreviated as:

RIS reference types  Abbreviation ("Field Label") | Type ("Ref Type")  | Category[14]

|
|

ABST | Abstract[6][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Journal Article
ADVS | Audiovisual (material)[6][14][9][28][8][16] | Audiovisual Material
AGGR | Aggregated database[6][14] | Aggregated Database
ANCIENT | Ancient text[6][14] | Ancient Text
ART | Artwork[6][14][9][28][8][16] | Artwork
BILL | Bill/resolution[6][14][9][28][8][16] | Bill (was Bill, Unenacted Bill)
BLOG | Blog[6][14] | Blog
BOOK | Book (whole)[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Book
CASE | Legal case and case notes[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Case
CHAP | Book section/chapter[6][14][9][28][8][16][18] | Book Section
CHART | Chart[6][14] | Chart
CLSWK | Classical work[6][14] | Classical Work
COMP | Computer program[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Computer Program
CONF | Conference proceedings[6][14][9][28][8][16][18] | Conference Proceedings
CPAPER | Conference paper[6][14] | Conference Paper
CTLG | Catalog[6][14][9][28][8][16] | Catalog
DATA | Data file / dataset[6][14][9][28][8][16] | Dataset (was Data File) AND Computer Program
DBASE | Online database[6][14] | Online Database
DICT | Dictionary[6][14] | Dictionary
EBOOK | Electronic book[6][14] | Electronic Book
ECHAP | Electronic book section[6][14] | Electronic Book Section
EDBOOK | Edited book[6][14] | Edited Book
EJOUR | Electronic article[6][14] | Electronic Article
ELEC  | Web page / electronic citation[14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Web Page
ENCYC | Encyclopedia[6][14] | Encyclopedia
EQUA | Equation[6][14] | Equation
FIGURE | Figure[6][14] | Figure
GEN | Generic[6][14][9][28][8][16][18] | Generic
GOVDOC | Government document[6][14] | Government Document
GRNT | Grant[6][14] | Grant
HEAR | Hearing[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Hearing
ICOMM | Internet communication[6][9][28][8][16] | Personal Communication
INPR | In press article[6][9][28][8][16] | Journal Article
INTV  | Interview[6][14] | Interview
JFULL | Journal/periodical (full)[6][9][28][8][16] | Journal Article
JOUR | Journal/periodical (article)[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Journal Article
LEGAL | Legal rule (or regulation)[6][14] | Legal Rule
MANSCPT | Manuscript[6][14] | Manuscript
MAP | Map or cartographic data[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Map
MGZN | Magazine (article)[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Magazine Article
MPCT | Film or broadcast / motion picture[6][14][9][28][8][16] | Film or Broadcast
MULTI | Online multimedia[6][14] | Online Multimedia
MUSIC | Music (score)[6][14][9][28][8][16] | Music
NEWS | Newspaper (article)[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Newspaper Article
PAMP | Pamphlet[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Pamphlet
PAT | Patent[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Patent
PCOMM | Personal communication[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Personal Communication
POD  | Podcast[6][14] | Podcast
PRESS  | Press release[6][14] | Press Release
RPRT | Report[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Report
SER | Serial (book, monograph)[6][14][9][28][8][16] | Serial
SLIDE | Slide[6][9][28][8][16] | Audiovisual Material
SOUND | Sound recording[6][9][28][8][16] | Audiovisual Material
STAND | Standard[6][14] | Standard
STAT | Statute[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Statute
STD  | Generic[18] |
THES | Thesis/dissertation[6][14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Thesis
UNBILL | Unenacted bill/resolution[6][9][28][8][16] | Bill (was Bill, Unenacted Bill)
UNPB  | Unpublished work[14][9][28][8][16][18][19] | Unpublished Work
UNPD | Unpublished work[6] |
VIDEO | Video recording[6][9][28][8][16] | Audiovisual Material
WEB | Web page[6] |

## See also

* BIBFRAME—bibliographic framework, an emerging standard to replace MARC
* Bibliographic record—general concept
* BibTeX—a text-based data format used by LaTeX
* EndNote—a text-based data scheme used by the EndNote program
* MARC—machine-readable cataloging standards
* refer—an aging text-based data scheme supported on UNIX-like systems

## References

1. ↑ The origin of the name RIS was obtained via email from Henry Johnson, a Customer Technical Representative at Scientific Thomson Reuters. Research Information Systems was acquired by the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) in 1994, a division of Thomson Business Information (later Thomson Reuters and then Clarivate). Thomson subsequently acquired ProCite from Personal Bibliographic Software Inc, as well as Niles software, the creators of EndNote. The result of the merger was the creation of ISI ResearchSoft, a subsidiary of Thomson Reuters, which produces Reference Manager, EndNote and ProCite. Email date 7/3/08.
2. ↑ "New Features in 11.2". https://www.accordancebible.com/New-Features-112.
3. ↑ "RIS File Format". Thomson Reuters. 2012. http://www.researcherid.com/resources/html/help_upload.htm.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "RIS Format Specifications". The Thomson Corporation. 2001-02-14. http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_intro.asp.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "RIS Format Specifications". The Thomson Corporation. 2011-10-06. http://refman.com/support/risformat_intro.asp.
6. ↑ 6.000 6.001 6.002 6.003 6.004 6.005 6.006 6.007 6.008 6.009 6.010 6.011 6.012 6.013 6.014 6.015 6.016 6.017 6.018 6.019 6.020 6.021 6.022 6.023 6.024 6.025 6.026 6.027 6.028 6.029 6.030 6.031 6.032 6.033 6.034 6.035 6.036 6.037 6.038 6.039 6.040 6.041 6.042 6.043 6.044 6.045 6.046 6.047 6.048 6.049 6.050 6.051 6.052 6.053 6.054 6.055 6.056 6.057 6.058 6.059 6.060 6.061 6.062 6.063 6.064 6.065 6.066 6.067 6.068 6.069 6.070 6.071 6.072 6.073 6.074 6.075 6.076 6.077 6.078 6.079 6.080 6.081 6.082 6.083 6.084 6.085 6.086 6.087 6.088 6.089 6.090 6.091 6.092 6.093 6.094 6.095 6.096 6.097 6.098 6.099 6.100 6.101 6.102 6.103 6.104 "EndNote: Directions for implementing EndNote Direct Export". June 28, 2022. https://support.clarivate.com/Endnote/s/article/EndNote-Directions-for-implementing-EndNote-Direct-Export?language=en_US.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "Field Types and Tags: Page 2 of 2". February 14, 2001. p. 2. http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_fields_02.asp.
8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 8.35 8.36 8.37 8.38 8.39 8.40 8.41 8.42 8.43 8.44 8.45 8.46 8.47 8.48 8.49 8.50 8.51 8.52 8.53 8.54 8.55 8.56 8.57 8.58 8.59 8.60 8.61 8.62 8.63 8.64 8.65 8.66 8.67 8.68 8.69 8.70 8.71 8.72 8.73 8.74 8.75 8.76 8.77 8.78 8.79 8.80 8.81 "7.1. Writing RIS datasets". November 14, 2005. https://refdb.sourceforge.net/manual-0.9.6/sect1-ris-format.html.
9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 9.25 9.26 9.27 9.28 9.29 9.30 9.31 9.32 9.33 9.34 9.35 9.36 9.37 9.38 9.39 9.40 9.41 9.42 9.43 9.44 9.45 9.46 9.47 9.48 9.49 9.50 9.51 9.52 9.53 9.54 9.55 9.56 9.57 9.58 9.59 9.60 9.61 9.62 9.63 9.64 9.65 9.66 9.67 9.68 9.69 9.70 9.71 9.72 9.73 9.74 Biblioteca Universitaria / Unibertsitateko Biblioteka; llzrimem (January 31, 2011). "ACCESS A RIS / Instrucciones para pasar registros de Access 2007 a RIS" (in en, es). pp. 10–13. https://www.ehu.eus/documents/1738121/1798113/ACCESS+A+RIS.pdf.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 "Tag Definitions: Authors". July 7, 2004. p. 4. http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_tags_02.asp.
11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 "Tag Definitions: Year and Free Text Fields". July 7, 2004. p. 5. http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_tags_03.asp.
12. ↑ larsgw (April 12, 2021). "RIS specification" (in en). https://forums.zotero.org/discussion/89035/ris-specification.
13. ↑ 13.00 13.01 13.02 13.03 13.04 13.05 13.06 13.07 13.08 13.09 Eaton, Alf (July 18, 2013). "ris-tags.md: Reference Manager RIS file format" (in en). https://gist.github.com/hubgit/5999812.
14. ↑ 14.000 14.001 14.002 14.003 14.004 14.005 14.006 14.007 14.008 14.009 14.010 14.011 14.012 14.013 14.014 14.015 14.016 14.017 14.018 14.019 14.020 14.021 14.022 14.023 14.024 14.025 14.026 14.027 14.028 14.029 14.030 14.031 14.032 14.033 14.034 14.035 14.036 14.037 14.038 14.039 14.040 14.041 14.042 14.043 14.044 14.045 14.046 14.047 14.048 14.049 14.050 14.051 14.052 14.053 14.054 14.055 14.056 14.057 14.058 14.059 14.060 14.061 14.062 14.063 14.064 14.065 14.066 14.067 14.068 14.069 14.070 14.071 14.072 14.073 14.074 14.075 14.076 14.077 14.078 14.079 14.080 14.081 14.082 14.083 14.084 14.085 14.086 14.087 14.088 14.089 14.090 14.091 14.092 14.093 14.094 14.095 14.096 14.097 14.098 14.099 14.100 14.101 14.102 14.103 14.104 14.105 14.106 14.107 14.108 14.109 14.110 14.111 14.112 14.113 14.114 14.115 14.116 14.117 Melinn, Jennifer; Rodriguez, Cheryl (July 10, 2013). "EndNote: Directions for implementing EndNote Direct Export - EN RIS Documentation.xls". Thomson Scientific. https://clarivateanalytics.my.salesforce.com/sfc/p/41000001O1D5/a/4N000000a9KE/xFefPZtYQcOAbBWlw6lgmttlx0i7usAo0GAcQc7R2sw. Summarized at https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vTOqwg_HALSlMz_ykEJmhQ9Jrqld7MkjVvQ5CQSPRqm5RCudguZnlP3t3N2ax0DeTTI-CmtJ_tOw60n/pubhtml. Old version available in https://web.archive.org/web/20120717122530/http://refman.com/support/direct export.zip; the differences are: the "Bill" sheet was named "Bill, Unenacted Bill"; the "Dataset" sheet was named "Data File"; the "Interview", "Podcast", "Press Release", and "Sheet1" (a list of the type abbreviations and full names) sheets did not yet exist; and "M1" meaning "Issue" was not yet in the "Conference Paper" sheet.
15. ↑ 15.00 15.01 15.02 15.03 15.04 15.05 15.06 15.07 15.08 15.09 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13 15.14 15.15 15.16 15.17 15.18 15.19 15.20 15.21 15.22 15.23 15.24 15.25 15.26 15.27 15.28 15.29 15.30 15.31 15.32 15.33 15.34 15.35 15.36 15.37 15.38 15.39 15.40 15.41 15.42 15.43 15.44 15.45 15.46 15.47 15.48 15.49 15.50 15.51 15.52 15.53 15.54 15.55 "RefWorks Tagged Format". n.d.. http://www.refworks.com/Rwathens/help/RefWorks_Tagged_Format.htm.
16. ↑ 16.00 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.04 16.05 16.06 16.07 16.08 16.09 16.10 16.11 16.12 16.13 16.14 16.15 16.16 16.17 16.18 16.19 16.20 16.21 16.22 16.23 16.24 16.25 16.26 16.27 16.28 16.29 16.30 16.31 16.32 16.33 16.34 16.35 16.36 16.37 16.38 16.39 16.40 16.41 16.42 16.43 16.44 16.45 16.46 16.47 16.48 16.49 16.50 16.51 16.52 16.53 16.54 16.55 16.56 16.57 16.58 16.59 16.60 16.61 16.62 16.63 16.64 16.65 16.66 16.67 16.68 16.69 16.70 16.71 16.72 16.73 16.74 16.75 16.76 "Importing a RIS File". April 11, 2019. https://www1.citavi.com/sub/manual6/en/index.html?importing_a_ris_file.html.
17. ↑ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 17.10 17.11 17.12 17.13 17.14 17.15 17.16 17.17 17.18 17.19 17.20 17.21 17.22 17.23 17.24 17.25 17.26 17.27 17.28 17.29 17.30 17.31 "Comparison of the Medline (txt), Medline (xml), and RIS format". May 11, 2022. https://docs.jabref.org/advanced/knowledge/medlineris.
18. ↑ 18.00 18.01 18.02 18.03 18.04 18.05 18.06 18.07 18.08 18.09 18.10 18.11 18.12 18.13 18.14 18.15 18.16 18.17 18.18 18.19 18.20 18.21 18.22 18.23 18.24 18.25 18.26 18.27 18.28 18.29 18.30 18.31 18.32 18.33 18.34 18.35 18.36 18.37 18.38 18.39 18.40 18.41 18.42 18.43 18.44 18.45 18.46 18.47 18.48 18.49 18.50 18.51 18.52 18.53 18.54 18.55 18.56 18.57 18.58 18.59 18.60 18.61 18.62 18.63 18.64 18.65 18.66 18.67 18.68 18.69 18.70 18.71 18.72 18.73 18.74 18.75 18.76 18.77 18.78 18.79 18.80 18.81 18.82 18.83 18.84 18.85 18.86 18.87 18.88 18.89 18.90 18.91 18.92 18.93 Putnam, Chris (November 12, 2021). "lib/ristypes.c". https://sourceforge.net/projects/bibutils/files/bibutils_7.2_src.tgz/download.
19. ↑ 19.00 19.01 19.02 19.03 19.04 19.05 19.06 19.07 19.08 19.09 19.10 19.11 19.12 19.13 19.14 19.15 19.16 19.17 19.18 19.19 19.20 19.21 19.22 19.23 19.24 19.25 19.26 19.27 19.28 19.29 19.30 19.31 19.32 19.33 19.34 19.35 19.36 19.37 19.38 19.39 19.40 19.41 19.42 19.43 19.44 19.45 19.46 19.47 Putnam, Chris (November 12, 2021). "lib/risout.c". https://sourceforge.net/projects/bibutils/files/bibutils_7.2_src.tgz/download.
20. ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 20.21 20.22 20.23 20.24 20.25 20.26 20.27 20.28 20.29 20.30 20.31 20.32 20.33 20.34 20.35 20.36 20.37 20.38 20.39 20.40 20.41 20.42 20.43 20.44 20.45 20.46 20.47 20.48 20.49 20.50 20.51 20.52 20.53 20.54 Posthumus, Etienne (October 15, 2018). "bibserver/parserscrapers_plugins/RISParser.py". Open Knowledge Foundation. https://github.com/okfn/bibserver/blob/96ab295e9f11a2d29ffabd60b0058ca7a1ec0f7c/parserscrapers_plugins/RISParser.py.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7 21.8 "Tag Definitions: Periodical and Publisher Tags". July 7, 2004. p. 8. http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_tags_06.asp.
22. ↑ 22.00 22.01 22.02 22.03 22.04 22.05 22.06 22.07 22.08 22.09 22.10 "Tag Definitions: Misc. Tags". July 7, 2004. p. 9. http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_tags_07.asp.
23. ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 "Tag Definitions: Title and Reference Type Tags". July 7, 2004. p. 3. http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_tags_01.asp.
24. ↑ "RefWorks Tagged Format". http://www.refworks.com/Rwathens/help/RefWorks_Tagged_Format.htm.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 25.4 "Tag Definitions: Periodical Tags". July 7, 2004. p. 7. http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_tags_05.asp.
26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Tag Definitions: Keywords and Reprint Status". July 7, 2004. p. 6. http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_tags_04.asp.
27. ↑ Putnam, Chris (November 12, 2021). "lib/risin.c". https://sourceforge.net/projects/bibutils/files/bibutils_7.2_src.tgz/download.
28. ↑ 28.00 28.01 28.02 28.03 28.04 28.05 28.06 28.07 28.08 28.09 28.10 28.11 28.12 28.13 28.14 28.15 28.16 28.17 28.18 28.19 28.20 28.21 28.22 28.23 28.24 28.25 28.26 28.27 28.28 28.29 28.30 28.31 28.32 28.33 28.34 "Reference Type Field Names". February 14, 2001. p. 10. http://www.refman.com/support/risformat_reftypes.asp.

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