RTP payload formats

Short description: Multimedia information signaling

The Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) specifies a general-purpose data format and network protocol for transmitting digital media streams on Internet Protocol (IP) networks. The details of media encoding, such as signal sampling rate, frame size and timing, are specified in an RTP payload format. The format parameters of the RTP payload are typically communicated between transmission endpoints with the Session Description Protocol (SDP), but other protocols, such as the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP) may be used.

## Contents

* 1 Payload types and formats
* 2 Text messaging payload types
* 3 MIDI payload types
* 4 Audio and video payload types
* 5 See also
* 6 References
* 7 External links

## Payload types and formats

The technical parameters of payload formats for audio and video streams are standardised. The standard also describes the process of registering new payload types with IANA.

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## Text messaging payload types

Payload formats and types for text messaging are defined in the following specifications:

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## MIDI payload types

Payload formats and types for MIDI are defined in the following specifications:

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## Audio and video payload types

Payload formats and types for audio and video are defined in the following specifications:

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Payload identifiers 96–127 are used for payloads defined dynamically during a session. It is recommended to dynamically assign port numbers, although port numbers 5004 and 5005 have been registered for use of the profile when a dynamically assigned port is not required.

Applications should always support PCMU (payload type 0). Previously, DVI4 (payload type 5) was also recommended, but this was removed in 2013.REFERENCE FOR RFC7007 IS NOT DEFINED YET. You are invited to add it here.

Payload type (PT)  | Name  | Type  | No. of channels  | Clock rate (Hz)[note 1] | Frame size (byte)  | Default packet interval (ms)  | Description  | References

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0  | PCMU  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | any  | 20  | ITU-T G.711 PCM μ-Law audio 64 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
1  | reserved (previously FS-1016 CELP)  | audio  | 1  | 8000  |  |  | reserved, previously FS-1016 CELP audio 4.8 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
2  | reserved (previously G721 or G726-32)  | audio  | 1  | 8000  |  |  | reserved, previously ITU-T G.721 ADPCM audio 32 kbit/s or ITU-T G.726 audio 32 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
3  | GSM  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | 20  | 20  | European GSM Full Rate audio 13 kbit/s (GSM 06.10)  | RFC 3551
4  | G723  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | 30  | 30  | ITU-T G.723.1 audio  | RFC 3551
5  | DVI4  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | any  | 20  | IMA ADPCM audio 32 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
6  | DVI4  | audio  | 1  | 16000  | any  | 20  | IMA ADPCM audio 64 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
7  | LPC  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | any  | 20  | Experimental Linear Predictive Coding audio 5.6 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
8  | PCMA  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | any  | 20  | ITU-T G.711 PCM A-Law audio 64 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
9  | G722  | audio  | 1  | 8000[note 2] | any  | 20  | ITU-T G.722 audio 64 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
10  | L16  | audio  | 2  | 44100  | any  | 20  | Linear PCM 16-bit Stereo audio 1411.2 kbit/s,REFERENCE FOR RFC2586 IS NOT DEFINED YET. You are invited to add it here.'REFERENCE FOR RFC3108 IS NOT DEFINED YET. You are invited to add it here.'REFERENCE FOR RFC4856 IS NOT DEFINED YET. You are invited to add it here. uncompressed  | RFC 3551: 27
11  | L16  | audio  | 1  | 44100  | any  | 20  | Linear PCM 16-bit audio 705.6 kbit/s, uncompressed  | RFC 3551: 27
12  | QCELP  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | 20  | 20  | Qualcomm Code Excited Linear Prediction  | RFC 2658, RFC 3551: 28
13  | CN  | audio  | 1  | 8000  |  |  | Comfort noise. Payload type used with audio codecs that do not support comfort noise as part of the codec itself such as G.711, G.722.1, G.722, G.726, G.727, G.728, GSM 06.10, Siren, and RTAudio.  | RFC 3389
14  | MPA  | audio  | 1, 2  | 90000  | 8–72  |  | MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 audio only  | RFC 2250, RFC 3551
15  | G728  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | 2.5  | 20  | ITU-T G.728 audio 16 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
16  | DVI4  | audio  | 1  | 11025  | any  | 20  | IMA ADPCM audio 44.1 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
17  | DVI4  | audio  | 1  | 22050  | any  | 20  | IMA ADPCM audio 88.2 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
18  | G729  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | 10  | 20  | ITU-T G.729 and G.729a audio 8 kbit/s; Annex B is implied unless the `annexb=no` parameter is used  | RFC 3551,: 20 RFC 4856: 12
19  | reserved (previously CN)  | audio  |  |  |  |  | reserved, previously comfort noise | RFC 3551
25  | CELLB  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | Sun CellB video[1] | RFC 2029
26  | JPEG  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | JPEG video  | RFC 2435
28  | nv  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | Xerox PARC's Network Video (nv)[2][3] | RFC 3551: 32
31  | H261  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | ITU-T H.261 video  | RFC 4587
32  | MPV  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 video  | RFC 2250
33  | MP2T  | audio/video  |  | 90000  |  |  | MPEG-2 transport stream | RFC 2250
34  | H263  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | H.263 video, first version (1996)  | RFC 2190, RFC 3551
72-76  | reserved  |  |  |  |  |  | reserved because RTCP packet types 200-204 would otherwise be indistinguishable from RTP payload types 72-76 with the marker bit set  | RFC 3550, RFC 3551
77-95  | unassigned  |  |  |  |  |  | note that RTCP packet type 207 (XR, Extended Reports) would be indistinguishable from RTP payload types 79 with the marker bit set  | RFC 3551, RFC 3611
dynamic  | H263-1998  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | H.263 video, second version (1998)  | RFC 2190, RFC 3551, RFC 4629
dynamic  | H263-2000  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | H.263 video, third version (2000)  | RFC 4629
dynamic (or profile)  | H264 AVC  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | H.264 video (MPEG-4 Part 10)  | RFC 6184
dynamic (or profile)  | H264 SVC  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | H.264 video  | RFC 6190
dynamic (or profile)  | H265  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | H.265 video (HEVC)  | RFC 7798
dynamic (or profile)  | theora  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | Theora video  | draft-barbato-avt-rtp-theora
dynamic  | iLBC  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | 20, 30  | 20, 30  | Internet low Bitrate Codec 13.33 or 15.2 kbit/s  | RFC 3952
dynamic  | PCMA-WB  | audio  | 1  | 16000  | 5  |  | ITU-T G.711.1 A-law  | RFC 5391
dynamic  | PCMU-WB  | audio  | 1  | 16000  | 5  |  | ITU-T G.711.1 μ-law  | RFC 5391
dynamic  | G718  | audio  |  | 32000 (placeholder)  | 20  |  | ITU-T G.718 | draft-ietf-payload-rtp-g718
dynamic  | G719  | audio  | (various)  | 48000  | 20  |  | ITU-T G.719 | RFC 5404
dynamic  | G7221  | audio  |  | 16000, 32000  | 20  |  | ITU-T G.722.1 and G.722.1 Annex C  | RFC 5577
dynamic  | G726-16  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | any  | 20  | ITU-T G.726 audio 16 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
dynamic  | G726-24  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | any  | 20  | ITU-T G.726 audio 24 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
dynamic  | G726-32  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | any  | 20  | ITU-T G.726 audio 32 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
dynamic  | G726-40  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | any  | 20  | ITU-T G.726 audio 40 kbit/s  | RFC 3551
dynamic  | G729D  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | 10  | 20  | ITU-T G.729 Annex D  | RFC 3551
dynamic  | G729E  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | 10  | 20  | ITU-T G.729 Annex E  | RFC 3551
dynamic  | G7291  | audio  |  | 16000  | 20  |  | ITU-T G.729.1 | RFC 4749
dynamic  | GSM-EFR  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | 20  | 20  | ITU-T GSM-EFR (GSM 06.60)  | RFC 3551
dynamic  | GSM-HR-08  | audio  | 1  | 8000  | 20  |  | ITU-T GSM-HR (GSM 06.20)  | RFC 5993
dynamic (or profile)  | AMR  | audio  | (various)  | 8000  | 20  |  | Adaptive Multi-Rate audio  | RFC 4867
dynamic (or profile)  | AMR-WB  | audio  | (various)  | 16000  | 20  |  | Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband audio (ITU-T G.722.2)  | RFC 4867
dynamic (or profile)  | AMR-WB+  | audio  | 1, 2 or omit  | 72000  | 13.3–40  |  | Extended Adaptive Multi Rate – WideBand audio  | RFC 4352
dynamic (or profile)  | vorbis  | audio  | (various)  | (various)  |  |  | Vorbis audio  | RFC 5215
dynamic (or profile)  | opus  | audio  | 1, 2  | 48000[note 3] | 2.5–60  | 20  | Opus audio  | RFC 7587
dynamic (or profile)  | speex  | audio  | 1  | 8000, 16000, 32000  | 20  |  | Speex audio  | RFC 5574
dynamic  | mpa-robust  | audio  | 1, 2  | 90000  | 24–72  |  | Loss-Tolerant MP3 audio  | RFC 5219
dynamic (or profile)  | MP4A-LATM  | audio  |  | 90000 or others  |  |  | MPEG-4 Audio (includes AAC)  | RFC 6416
dynamic (or profile)  | MP4V-ES  | video  |  | 90000 or others  |  |  | MPEG-4 Visual  | RFC 6416
dynamic (or profile)  | mpeg4-generic  | audio/video  |  | 90000 or other  |  |  | MPEG-4 Elementary Streams  | RFC 3640
dynamic  | VP8  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | VP8 video  | RFC 7741
dynamic  | VP9  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | VP9 video  | RFC 9628
dynamic  | AV1  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | AV1 video  | av1-rtp-spec
dynamic  | L8  | audio  | (various)  | (various)  | any  | 20  | Linear PCM 8-bit audio with 128 offset  | RFC 3551: § 4.5.10 : Table 5
dynamic  | DAT12  | audio  | (various)  | (various)  | any  | 20 (by analogy with L16)  | IEC 61119 12-bit nonlinear audio  | RFC 3190: §3
dynamic  | L16  | audio  | (various)  | (various)  | any  | 20  | Linear PCM 16-bit audio  | RFC 3551,: § 4.5.11 RFC 2586
dynamic  | L20  | audio  | (various)  | (various)  | any  | 20 (by analogy with L16)  | Linear PCM 20-bit audio  | RFC 3190: § 4
dynamic  | L24  | audio  | (various)  | (various)  | any  | 20 (by analogy with L16)  | Linear PCM 24-bit audio  | RFC 3190: § 4
dynamic  | raw  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | Uncompressed Video  | RFC 4175
dynamic  | ac3  | audio  | (various)  | 32000, 44100, 48000  |  |  | Dolby AC-3 audio  | RFC 4184
dynamic  | eac3  | audio  | (various)  | 32000, 44100, 48000  |  |  | Enhanced AC-3 audio  | RFC 4598
dynamic  | t140  | text  |  | 1000  |  |  | Text over IP | RFC 4103
dynamic  | EVRC
EVRC0
EVRC1  | audio  |  | 8000  |  |  | EVRC audio  | RFC 4788
dynamic  | EVRCB
EVRCB0
EVRCB1  | audio  |  | 8000  |  |  | EVRC-B audio  | RFC 4788
dynamic  | EVRCWB
EVRCWB0
EVRCWB1  | audio  |  | 16000  |  |  | EVRC-WB audio  | RFC 5188
dynamic  | jpeg2000  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | JPEG 2000 video  | RFC 5371
dynamic  | UEMCLIP  | audio  |  | 8000, 16000  |  |  | UEMCLIP audio  | RFC 5686
dynamic  | ATRAC3  | audio  |  | 44100  |  |  | ATRAC3 audio  | RFC 5584
dynamic  | ATRAC-X  | audio  |  | 44100, 48000  |  |  | ATRAC3+ audio  | RFC 5584
dynamic  | ATRAC-ADVANCED-LOSSLESS  | audio  |  | (various)  |  |  | ATRAC Advanced Lossless audio  | RFC 5584
dynamic  | DV  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | DV video  | RFC 6469
dynamic  | BT656  | video  |  |  |  |  | ITU-R BT.656 video  | RFC 3555
dynamic  | BMPEG  | video  |  |  |  |  | Bundled MPEG-2 video  | RFC 2343
dynamic  | SMPTE292M  | video  |  |  |  |  | SMPTE 292M video  | RFC 3497
dynamic  | RED  | audio  |  |  |  |  | Redundant Audio Data  | RFC 2198
dynamic  | VDVI  | audio  |  |  |  |  | Variable-rate DVI4 audio  | RFC 3551
dynamic  | MP1S  | video  |  |  |  |  | MPEG-1 Systems Streams video  | RFC 2250
dynamic  | MP2P  | video  |  |  |  |  | MPEG-2 Program Streams video  | RFC 2250
dynamic  | tone  | audio  |  | 8000 (default)  |  |  | tone  | RFC 4733
dynamic  | telephone-event  | audio  |  | 8000 (default)  |  |  | DTMF tone  | RFC 4733
dynamic  | aptx  | audio  | 2 - 6  | (equal to sampling rate)  | 4000 ÷ sample rate  | 4[note 4] | aptX audio  | RFC 7310
dynamic  | jxsv  | video  |  | 90000  |  |  | JPEG XS video  | RFC 9134
dynamic  | scip  | audio/video  |  | 8000 or 90000  |  |  | SCIP | RFC 9607

1. ↑ The "clock rate" is the rate at which the timestamp in the RTP header is incremented, which need not be the same as the codec's sampling rate. For instance, video codecs typically use a clock rate of 90000 so their frames can be more precisely aligned with the RTCP NTP timestamp, even though video sampling rates are typically in the range of 1-60 samples per second.
2. ↑ Although the sampling rate for G.722 is 16000, its clock rate is 8000 to remain backwards compatible with RFC 1890, which incorrectly used this value.REFERENCE FOR RFC3551 IS NOT DEFINED YET. You are invited to add it here.
3. ↑ Because Opus can change sampling rates dynamically, its clock rate is fixed at 48000, even when the codec will be operated at a lower sampling rate. The `maxplaybackrate` and `sprop-maxcapturerate` parameters in SDP can be used to indicate hints/preferences about the maximum sampling rate to encode/decode.
4. ↑ For aptX, the packetization interval must be rounded down to the nearest packet interval that can contain an integer number of samples. So at sampling rates of 11025, 22050, or 44100, a packetization rate of "4" is rounded down to 3.99.

## See also

* Session Initiation Protocol
* H.323
* Comparison of audio coding formats

## References

1. ↑ XIL Programmer's Guide, Chapter 22 "CellB Codec". August 1997. Retrieved on 2014-07-19.
2. ↑ nv - network video on Henning Schulzrinne's website, Network Video on The University of Toronto's website, Retrieved on 2009-07-09.
3. ↑ Ron Frederick Github with source code

## External links

* IANA assignments of Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Parameters

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