Catechism of the Catholic Church

Short description: Summary of doctrine of the Catholic Church

The Good Shepherd logo is adapted from a Christian tombstone in the catacombs of Domitilla in Rome.[1]

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Overview

* Pope: Francis
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* Theology
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Background

* Jesus
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* Early Christianity
* Peter
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* One true church
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Organisation

* Holy See
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* Ecumenical councils
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* Latin Church
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* Canon law

* Theologies
* Doctrine

God

* Trinity

* Father
* Son
* Holy Ghost

* Consubstantialitas
* Filioque
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Divine Law

* Decalogus
* Ex Cathedra
* Deificatio

Realms beyond the States of the Church

* Heaven
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* Limbo
* Hell

Paschal mystery

* Passion of Jesus
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* Harrowing of Hell
* Resurrection
* Ascension

Blessed Virgin Mary

* Mariology
* Veneration
* Immaculate Conception
* Mater Dei
* Perpetual virginity
* Assumption
* Dormition
* Titles
* Queen
* Apparition
* Mediatrix

Salvation

* Baptism of desire
* Divine grace
* Outside the Church there is no salvation
* Infused righteousness
* Invincible ignorance
* Justification
* Means of grace
* Merit
* Mortal sin
* Satisfaction
* Moral influence
* Sanctification
* Synergism
* Venial sin

Ecclesiology

* College of Bishops
* Deposit of faith
* Infallibility of the Church
* Mystical Body of Christ
* Papal primacy
* People of God
* Perfect community
* Subsistit in

Other teachings

* Josephology
* Morality
* Body
* Lectures
* Sexuality
* Apologetics
* Amillennialism
* Original sin
* Hypostatic union
* Predestination
* Seven deadly sins
* Beatific vision
* Saints
* Dogma

Texts

* Bible

*     * Old Testament
* New Testament

* Official Bible

*     * Vulgate
* Sixtine Vulgate
* Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
* Nova Vulgata
* Peshitta

* Apostles' Creed
* Nicene Creed
* Athanasian Creed
* Catechism of the Catholic Church
* Papal bull
* Apostolic exhortation
* Epistula Encyclica

Philosophy

* Cardinal Virtues
* Just war
* Natural law
* Catholic ethics
* Personalism
* Probabilism
* Social teaching
* Philosophy of canon law
* Philosophers
* Virtue ethics

Schools

* Augustinianism
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* Thomism
* Scotism
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* Molinism
* Neo-scholasticism

Worship

* Liturgy
* Mass
* Divine Liturgy
* Holy Qurbana
* Divine Office
* Liturgical year

* Sacraments
* Baptism
* Penance
* Eucharist
* Confirmation
* Anointing of the Sick
* Matrimony
* Holy orders

* Prayer
* Devotions
* Bible
* Biblical canon

Rites

* Latin

* Roman
* Post-Vatican II
* Tridentine
* Anglican Use
* Zaire Use

* Gallican
* Ambrosian
* Braga
* Mozarabic

* Eastern

* Antiochene
* Maronite
* West Syriac
* Syro-Malankara

* Chaldean
* East Syriac
* Syro-Malabar

* Byzantine
* Armenian

* Alexandrian
* Ethiopic

Miscellaneous

* Antipopes
* Anti-Catholicism
* Criticism
* Deism/Pandeism
* Ecumenism
* Monasticism

Relations with:

* Islam
* Judaism
* Protestantism

Societal issues

* Art
* Evolution
* Health care
* HIV/AIDS
* Homosexuality
* Music
* Nazi Germany
* Politics (in the United States)
* Role in civilization
* Science
* Sex and gender roles
* Slavery
* the Age of Discovery

Links and resources

* Index
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The Catechism of the Catholic Church (Latin: Catechismus Catholicae Ecclesiae; commonly called the Catechism or the CCC) is a catechism promulgated for the Catholic Church by Pope John Paul II in 1992. It aims to summarize, in book form, the main beliefs of the Catholic Church.

## Contents

* 1 Redaction
* 2 Promulgation
* 3 Publication
* 4 Doctrinal value
* 5 Contents
* 5.1 Paragraph 2267 (capital punishment)
* 6 Reception
* 7 Derived works
* 8 See also
* 9 Notes
* 10 References
* 11 Further reading
* 12 External links
* 12.1 Promulgations
* 12.2 Text of the Catechism
* 12.3 Text of the Compendium

## Redaction

The decision to publish an official catechism was taken at the Second Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops that was convened by Pope John Paul II on 25 January 1985, to evaluate the progress of implementing the Vatican II council's goals on the 20th anniversary of its closure. The assembly participants expressed the desire that "a catechism or compendium of all Catholic doctrine regarding both faith and morals be composed, that it might be, as it were, a point of reference for the catechisms or compendiums that are prepared in various regions. The presentation of doctrine must be biblical and liturgical. It must be sound doctrine suited to the present life of Christians."[2]

In 1986, John Paul II formed a commission composed of 12 cardinals and bishops chaired by cardinal Joseph Ratzinger to prepare the first draft of the Catechism.[3] The commission was assisted by a committee consisting of seven diocesan bishops, experts in theology and catechesis.[3]

Reminiscing those days, Ratzinger said in 2011: "I must confess that even today it seems a miracle to me that this project [the Catechism of the Catholic Church] was ultimately successful."[4]

Cardinal Georges Cottier claims he worked on the Catechism.[5]

## Promulgation

The Catechism was promulgated by John Paul II on 11 October 1992, the 30th anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council, with his apostolic constitution Fidei depositum (in English, The Deposit of Faith).[3][6]

## Publication

The CCC was published in the French language in 1992.[7] In the United States, the English translation was published in 1994 and had been pre-ordered more than 250,000 copies before its release,[8] with a note that it was "subject to revision according to the Latin typical edition (editio typica) when it is published."[9]

On 15 August 1997—the Solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary—John Paul II promulgated the Latin typical edition, with his apostolic letter, Laetamur Magnopere.[10] The Latin text, which became the official text of reference (editio typica),[11] amended the contents of the provisional French text at a few points.[12] As a result, the earlier translations from the French into other languages (including English) had to be amended and re-published as "second editions".[note 1]

## Doctrinal value

In the apostolic constitution Fidei depositum, John Paul II declared that the Catechism of the Catholic Church is "a valid and legitimate instrument for ecclesial communion and a sure norm for teaching the faith", and stressed that it "is not intended to replace the local catechisms duly approved by the ecclesiastical authorities, the diocesan Bishops and the Episcopal Conferences".[3]

The Catechism states:[13]

> 11 This catechism aims at presenting an organic synthesis of the essential and fundamental contents of Catholic doctrine, as regards both faith and morals, in the light of the Second Vatican Council and the whole of the Church's Tradition. Its principal sources are the Sacred Scriptures, the Fathers of the Church, the liturgy, and the Church's Magisterium. It is intended to serve "as a point of reference for the catechisms or compendia that are composed in the various countries".
> 12 This work is intended primarily for those responsible for catechesis: first of all the bishops, as teachers of the faith and pastors of the Church. It is offered to them as an instrument in fulfilling their responsibility of teaching the People of God. Through the bishops, it is addressed to redactors of catechisms, to priests, and to catechists. It will also be useful reading for all other Christian faithful.

## Contents

The Catechism is a source on which to base other Catholic catechisms (e.g. YOUCAT or the United States Catholic Catechism for Adults) and other expositions of Catholic doctrine. As stated in the apostolic constitution Fidei depositum, with which its publication was ordered, it was given so "that it may be a sure and authentic reference text for teaching Catholic doctrine and particularly for preparing local catechisms."[14]

The Catechism is arranged in four principal parts:[15]

* The Profession of Faith (the Apostles' Creed)
* The Celebration of the Christian Mystery (the Sacred Liturgy, and especially the sacraments)
* Life in Christ (including the Ten Commandments)
* Christian Prayer (including the Lord's Prayer)

The section on Scripture in the Catechism covers the Patristic tradition of "spiritual exegesis" as further developed through the scholastic doctrine of the "four senses."[16] The Catechism amplifies Dei verbum by specifying that the necessary spiritual interpretation should be sought through the four senses of Scripture.[17]

The literal sense pertains to the meaning of the words themselves, including any figurative meanings.[18] The spiritual senses pertain to the significance of the things (persons, places, objects or events) denoted by the words. Of the three spiritual senses, the allegorical sense is foundational. It relates persons, events, and institutions of earlier covenants to those of later covenants, and especially to the New Covenant. Building on the allegorical sense, the moral sense instructs in regard to action, and the anagogical sense points to man's final destiny.[19] The teaching of the Catechism on Scripture has encouraged the pursuit of covenantal theology, an approach that employs the four senses to structure salvation history via the biblical covenants.[20][21]

### Paragraph 2267 (capital punishment)

One of the changes to the 1997 update consisted of the inclusion of the position on the death penalty that is defended in John Paul II's encyclical Evangelium vitae of 1995.[22][better source needed]

The paragraph dealing with the death penalty (2267) was revised again by Pope Francis in 2018.

The text previously stated (1997):[23]

“  | Assuming that the guilty party's identity and responsibility have been fully determined, the traditional teaching of the Church does not exclude recourse to the death penalty, if this is the only possible way of effectively defending human lives against the unjust aggressor.

If, however, non-lethal means are sufficient to defend and protect people's safety from the aggressor, authority will limit itself to such means, as these are more in keeping with the concrete conditions of the common good and more in conformity to the dignity of the human person.

Today, in fact, as a consequence of the possibilities which the state has for effectively preventing crime, by rendering one who has committed an offense incapable of doing harm - without definitely taking away from him the possibility of redeeming himself - the cases in which the execution of the offender is an absolute necessity "are very rare, if not practically nonexistent."

| ”

|
|

The 2018 change to the Catechism reads:[24][23]

“  | Recourse to the death penalty on the part of legitimate authority, following a fair trial, was long considered an appropriate response to the gravity of certain crimes and an acceptable, albeit extreme, means of safeguarding the common good.

Today, however, there is an increasing awareness that the dignity of the person is not lost even after the commission of very serious crimes. In addition, a new understanding has emerged of the significance of penal sanctions imposed by the state. Lastly, more effective systems of detention have been developed, which ensure the due protection of citizens but, at the same time, do not definitively deprive the guilty of the possibility of redemption.

Consequently, the Church teaches, in the light of the Gospel, that "the death penalty is inadmissible because it is an attack on the inviolability and dignity of the person", and the Catholic Church works with determination for its abolition worldwide.

| ”

|
|

## Reception

In 1992, cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) stated:[25]

> [The Catechism of the Catholic Church] clearly show[s] that the problem of what we must do as human beings, of how we should live our lives so that we and the world may become just, is the essential problem of our day, and basically of all ages. After the fall of ideologies, the problem of man—the moral problem—is presented to today's context in a totally new way: What should we do? How does life become just? What can give us and the whole world a future which is worth living? Since the catechism treats these questions, it is a book which interests many people, far beyond purely theological or ecclesial circles.

Ulf Ekman, former Charismatic pastor and the founder of Livets Ord, says that the Catechism is "the best book he has ever read".[26]

## Derived works

The Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church was published in 2005, and the first edition in English in 2006. It is a more concise and dialogic version of the Catechism. The text of the Compendium is available in fourteen languages on the Vatican website, which also gives the text of the Catechism itself in eleven languages.[27]

Youcat is a 2011 publication aimed at helping youth understand the Catechism.

## See also

* Catechism of Saint Pius X
* Roman Catechism
* The Common Catechism
* Baltimore Catechism
* Catholic Catechist
* Catholic spirituality
* History of the Catholic Church since 1962
* Outline of Catholicism
* Pastoral care
* Timeline of the Catholic Church

## Notes

1. ↑ In the U.S., the bishops then published a new English translation, from the official Latin text. (English translation of the Catechism of the Catholic Church: Modifications from the Editio Typica, copyright 1997, United States Catholic Conference, Inc.—Libreria Editrice Vaticana.) The U.S. bishops added a "Glossary and Index Analyticus" (copyright 2000, United States Catholic Conference, Inc.) and published the new translation, with glossary and index, as the Catechism of the Catholic Church, Second Edition, "revised in accordance with the official Latin text promulgated by John Paul II". (From the title page.)

## References

1. ↑ From the Copyright Information, pg. iv.[full citation needed]
2. ↑ John, Paul II (11 October 1992). "Apostolic Constitution Fidei Depositum". https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19921011_fidei-depositum.html.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Fidei depositum". Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 11 October 1992. https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19921011_fidei-depositum_en.html.
4. ↑ "Preface Written by the Holy Father Benedict XVI in YOUCAT, Aids to the Catechism of the Catholic Church for Young People, in view of WYD 2011 in Madrid". https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/it/letters/2011/documents/hf_ben-xvi_let_20110202_youcat.html.
5. ↑ ""If everything is grace, then grace is no more" (by Gianni Valente)". http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_3545_l3.htm. "Going back to the early years, the first 'big' text I worked on was the social encyclical Centesimus annus. And then the Ut unum sint on ecumenicalism, the moral encyclical Veritatis splendor, and the Fides et ratio… also the Catechism of the Catholic Church"
6. ↑ "INTRODUCTION". United States Catholic Catechism for Adults. Washington, DC: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 2006. pp. xv. https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/uscca/files/assets/basic-html/page-17.html#.
7. ↑ (in fr) Catéchisme de l'Église Catholique. Tours/Paris: Mame/Plon. 1992. ISBN 2-266-00585-5.
8. ↑ Steinfels, Peter (May 28, 1994). "After Long Delay, a New Catechism Appears in English". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/28/us/after-long-delay-a-new-catechism-appears-in-english.html.
9. ↑ Catechism of the Catholic Church. Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 1994. pp. ii. ISBN 978-0-8294-0772-3. https://archive.org/details/catechismofcatho0000cath_h3c9/page/n5/.
10. ↑ Bill Dodds (June 14, 2017). "Surfing the Catechism on its silver anniversary". Our Sunday Visitor. https://www.osv.com/Article/TabId/493/ArtMID/13569/ArticleID/22512/Surfing-the-Catechism-on-its-silver-anniversary.aspx.
11. ↑ "Latin Edition of Catechism Promulgated". L'Osservatore Romano. 17 September 1997. http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/JP2LAETM.HTM.
12. ↑ "Modifications from the Editio Typica". Amministrazione Del Patrimonio Della Sede Apostolica. http://www.scborromeo.org/ccc/updates.htm.
13. ↑ Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd ed.). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2019. Paragraphs 11–2.
14. ↑ "Fidei Depositum – John Paul II – Apostolic Constitution (11 October 1992)". Vatican.va. https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/apost_constitutions/documents/hf_jp-ii_apc_19921011_fidei-depositum_en.html.
15. ↑ Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd ed.). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2019.
16. ↑ Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd ed.). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2019. Paragraphs 101–141.
17. ↑ Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd ed.). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2019. Paragraphs 111, 113, 115–119.
18. ↑ Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd ed.). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2019. Paragraph 116.
19. ↑ Catechism of the Catholic Church (2nd ed.). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2019. Paragraph 117.
20. ↑ Scott W. Hahn (2009). Covenant and Communion: The Biblical Theology of Pope Benedict XVI. Brazos Press. pp. 108–109. ISBN 9781441205230. https://books.google.com/books?id=pQjXjnoS3GcC.
21. ↑ Scott Hahn, ed (2011). For the Sake of Our Salvation: The Truth and Humility of God's Word. Volume 6 of Letter & spirit. Emmaus Road Publishing. pp. 126–127. ISBN 9781931018685. https://books.google.com/books?id=5hO1wCHP0nUC.
22. ↑ "The death penalty and the catechism". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. http://old.usccb.org/sdwp/national/criminal/catechism.shtml.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Pope Francis: 'death penalty inadmissable' - Vatican News". August 2, 2018. https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2018-08/pope-francis-cdf-ccc-death-penalty-revision-ladaria.html.
24. ↑ "Nuova redazione del n. 2267 del Catechismo della Chiesa Cattolica sulla pena di morte". Holy See Press Office. http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2018/08/02/0556/01209.html.
25. ↑ "The Catechism of the Catholic Church in Context". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops Office for the Catechism. 1992-12-09. http://www.usccb.org/catechism/resource/rat92art.htm#intro.
26. ↑ Berggren, Lukas (2014-03-14). "Ulf Ekman Says Prophetic Word Confirmed His Catholic Conversion". Charisma News. https://www.charismanews.com/world/43126-ulf-ekman-says-prophetic-word-confirmed-his-catholic-conversion.
27. ↑ "Catechism of the Catholic Church & Compendium, in All Languages". https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc/index.htm.

## Further reading

* Wrenn, Michael J.; Whitehead, K. D. (1996) (in en). Flawed Expectations: The Reception of the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Ignatius Press. ISBN 978-0-89870-591-1. http://www.christendom-awake.org/pages/catechism/flawed-expectations/fe-home-page.htm.
* Ratzinger, Joseph; Schönborn, Christoph von (1994) (in en). Introduction to the Catechism of the Catholic Church. Ignatius Press. ISBN 978-0-89870-485-3.

## External links

### Promulgations

* Fidei depositum, the apostolic constitution promulgating the Catechism
* Laetamur magnopere, on the promulgation of the editio typica of the Catechism

### Text of the Catechism

* The Holy See – Archive – Catechism of the Catholic Church; in Arabic, Traditional Chinese, English, French, German, Italian, Latin, Latvian, Malagasy, Portuguese, and Spanish (as of 29 May 2021)
* United States Conference of Catholic Bishops; English – Second edition (revised in accordance with the Latin editio typica)

### Text of the Compendium

* Compendium at Vatican/Holy See website

* v
* t
* e

Catholic Church

* Index
* Outline
* Glossary
* Lists of Catholics

History
Timeline
Ecclesiastical
Legal|

| Early Church|

* Jesus
* Ministry
* Crucifixion
* Resurrection
* Great Commission
* Apostles
* Succession
* Petrine primacy
* Church fathers
* Apostolic fathers
* History of the papacy
* Primacy

|

Great Church|

* Ante-Nicene Period
* Constantine
* First seven ecumenical councils
* Nicaea I
* Chalcedon
* Late antiquity
* Biblical canon
* Monasticism

Middle Ages|

* Islamic conquests
* Pope Gregory I
* Papal States
* Schism (1054)
* Investiture Controversy
* Crusades
* Schism (1378)
* Inquisition
* Universities
* Scholasticism
* Age of Discovery

Modern era|

* Protestant Reformation
* Catholic Reformation
* Trent
* Thirty Years' War
* Enlightenment
* French Revolution
* Nazism
* Vatican II
* Communism
* Sexual abuse scandal
* Islam

Theology
Bible
Tradition;
Catechism|

| General|

* God
* Trinity
* Kingdom
* Body and soul
* Divine grace
* Dogma
* Nicene Creed
* Original sin
* Saints
* Salvation
* Sermon on the Mount
* Ten Commandments
* Vulgate
* Official Bible
* Vulgata Sixtina
* Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
* Nova Vulgata
* Worship

|

Ecclesiology|

* Communitas perfecta
* Councils
* Ecumenism
* Four marks
* Catholic
* Infallibility
* Corporis Christi
* One true church
* People of God
* Three states
* Subsistit in
* In canon law

Sacraments|

* Baptism
* Confirmation
* Eucharist
* Penance
* Anointing of the Sick
* Last rites
* Holy orders
* Matrimony

Mariology|

* Assumption
* History
* Immaculate Conception
* Mariology of the popes
* Mariology of the saints
* Mother of God
* Perpetual virginity
* Veneration
* See also:
* Josephology

Philosophy|

* Natural law
* Moral theology
* Personalism
* Social teaching
* Philosophers
* Philosophy of canon law
* See also:
* Science
* Evolution
* Separation of church and state
* Relations
* Politics

Saints|

* Holy Family
* Mary
* Joseph
* Patriarchs
* Prophets
* Archangels
* Martyrs
* Doctors of the Church
* Evangelists
* Confessors
* Disciples
* Virgins

Organisation
Hierarchy
Canon law
Laity
Precedence
By country|

| Holy See
(List of popes)|

* Pope Francis
* Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI
* Ecumenical councils
* College of Cardinals
* List
* Advisers
* Roman Curia
* Dicasteries
* Synod of Bishops
* Properties

| Vatican City|

* Index
* Outline
* Apostolic Palace
* Lateran Treaty
* Roman Rota
* St. Peter's Basilica
* Swiss Guard
* Vatican Museums

|

Polity (Holy orders)|

* Diocese (Episcopal conference):
* Bishop
* Patriarch
* Major
* Primate
* Metropolitan
* Archbishop
* Diocesan
* Coadjutor
* Auxiliary
* Titular
* Emeritus
* Parish:
* Priest
* Deacon

Consecrated life|

* Religious:
* Superior
* Abbot/Abbess
* General
* Provincial
* Prior/Prioress
* Grand Master
* Brother
* Friar
* Monk
* Sister
* Nun
* Hermit
* Novice
* Master
* Oblate
* Postulant

Particular churches
sui iuris|

* Latin Church
* Eastern Catholic Churches:
* Albanian
* Armenian
* Belarusian
* Bulgarian
* Chaldean
* Coptic
* Croatian and Serbian
* Eritrean
* Ethiopian
* Georgian
* Greek
* Hungarian
* Italo-Albanian
* Macedonian
* Maronite
* Melkite
* Romanian
* Russian
* Ruthenian
* Slovak
* Syriac
* Syro-Malabar
* Syro-Malankara
* Ukrainian

Liturgical rites|

* Alexandrian
* Antiochian
* Armenian
* Byzantine
* East Syriac
* Latin
* Ambrosian
* Braga
* Mozarabic
* Roman
* Paul VI
* Tridentine
* Anglican
* Zaire
* West Syriac
* Malankara

Culture|

* Art
* Marian
* Artists
* Authors
* Church buildings
* Altarpieces
* Library
* Museums
* Music
* Distinctions
* Role in civilisation
* See also:
* Criticism of the Catholic Church
* Anti-Catholicism

Media|

* Holy See Press Office
* Vatican Media
* Vatican News
* Vatican Television Center
* Vatican Radio
* Vatican Polyglot Press
* L'Osservatore Romano
* Acta Apostolicae Sedis
* Annuario Pontificio

Religious orders,
institutes, societies|

* Assumptionists
* Annonciades
* Augustinians
* Basilians
* Benedictines
* Bethlehemites
* Blue nuns
* Camaldoleses
* Camillians
* Carmelites
* Carthusians
* Cistercians
* Clarisses
* Conceptionists
* Crosiers
* Dominicans
* Franciscans
* Good Shepherd Sisters
* Hieronymites
* Jesuits
* Mercedarians
* Minims
* Olivetans
* Oratorians
* Piarists
* Premonstratensians
* Redemptorists
* Servites
* Theatines
* Trappists
* Trinitarians
* Visitandines

Associations
of the faithful|

* Confraternities
* Movements
* Lay
* Marian
* Youth
* Workers
* Third orders
* Saint Dominic
* Lay Carmelites
* Discalced
* Saint Francis
* Secular
* Military orders
* Fimcap
* Catholic Action
* Charismatic Renewal
* Communion and Liberation
* Sant'Egidio
* Focolare
* International Alliance of Catholic Knights
* Scouting
* Legion of Mary
* Neocatechumenal Way
* Opus Dei
* Schoenstatt

Charities|

* Aid to the Church in Need
* Caritas
* Home Missions
* Relief Services
* CIDSE
* Pax Christi
* Society of Saint Vincent de Paul

* See also:
* Health care
* Schools
* Universities

*   * Book
* Category

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