List of Confucian states and dynasties

This is a list of historical and contemporary states and dynasties where Confucianism (including its various sects) was/is the state ideology or exerted/exerts significant politico-cultural influence. Its status could have been shared with other ideologies and/or religions such as Taoism, Buddhism or the Chinese folk religion at some point in time.

Confucianism developed during the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. Confucianism was first adopted as state ideology by the Emperor Wu of Han upon the advice of the statesman Gongsun Hong.[1][2][3] Confucianism was later promulgated throughout the Sinosphere.[4][5]

## Contents

* 1 List of historical Confucian states and dynasties
* 2 List of contemporary states with Confucian influence
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 External links

## List of historical Confucian states and dynasties

Note that the dates stated are the corresponding dates for the states/dynasties, not the dates reflecting the adoption of Confucianism as state religion or its widespread influence. Entries are sorted alphabetically.

* Cao Wei (AD 220–266)[6]
* Chen dynasty (AD 557–589)[7]
* Eastern Han (Han dynasty) (AD 25–220)[8]
* Eastern Wu (AD 222–280)
* Eastern Zhou (Zhou dynasty) (770–256 BC)
* Goryeo dynasty (AD 918–1392)
* Hồ dynasty (AD 1400–1407)[9]
* Jin dynasty (AD 1115–1234)[10]
* Joseon dynasty (AD 1392–1897)[11][12]
* Later Han (AD 947–951)
* Later Jin (AD 936–947)
* Later Jin (AD 1616–1636)[13]
* Later Zhou (AD 951–960)
* Liang dynasty (AD 502–557)[7]
* Liao dynasty (AD 916–1125)[10]
* Liu Song (AD 420–479)[7]
* Lý dynasty (AD 1009–1225)[9]
* Mạc dynasty (AD 1527–1677)
* Ming dynasty (AD 1368–1644)[14]
* Nguyễn dynasty (AD 1802–1945)[15]
* Nguyễn lords (AD 1558–1777)
* Northern Han (AD 951–979)
* Northern Qi (AD 550–577)[16]
* Northern Song (Song dynasty) (AD 960–1127)
* Northern Wei (AD 386–535)[17]
* Northern Yuan (AD 1368–1635)[18]
* Northern Zhou (AD 557–581)[19]
* Primitive Lê dynasty (Later Lê dynasty) (AD 1428–1527)
* Qing dynasty (AD 1636–1912)
* Revival Lê dynasty (Later Lê dynasty) (AD 1533–1789)
* Ryukyu Kingdom (AD 1429–1879)
* Shu Han (AD 221–263)
* Southern Ming (AD 1644–1662)
* Southern Qi (AD 479–502)[7]
* Southern Song (Song dynasty) (AD 1127–1279)
* Sui dynasty (AD 581–619)
* Tang dynasty (AD 618–690, AD 705–907)
* Tây Sơn dynasty (AD 1778–1802)[15]
* Tokugawa shogunate (AD 1790–1868)[20]
* Trần dynasty (AD 1225–1400)[9]
* Trịnh lords (AD 1545–1787)
* Western Han (Han dynasty) (202 BC–AD 9)[8]
* Western Liao (AD 1124–1218)[21]
* Western Xia (AD 1038–1227)[10]
* Wu Zhou (AD 690–705)
* Xin dynasty (AD 9–23)[22]
* Yuan dynasty (AD 1271–1368)[23]

## List of contemporary states with Confucian influence

Entries are sorted alphabetically.

* China [24]
* Indonesia[25][26]
* Japan [27]
* Korea, Democratic People's Republic of[28][29]
* South Korea [30]
* Singapore[31]
* China, Republic of[32]
* Vietnam[33]

## See also

* Confucianism
* Neo-Confucianism
* New Text Confucianism
* New Confucianism
* Taigu school
* Confucius
* Chinese culture
* East Asian cultural sphere
* Korean Confucianism
* Edo neo-Confucianism
* Dynasties in Chinese history

## References

1. ↑ Zhao, Dingxin (2015). The Confucian-legalist State: A New Theory of Chinese History. p. 280. ISBN 9780199351732. https://books.google.com/books?id=5fmJCgAAQBAJ&q=confucianism+state+ideology+emperor+wu&pg=PA280.
2. ↑ Ni, Peimin (2016). Confucius: The Man and the Way of Gongfu. p. 15. ISBN 9781442257436. https://books.google.com/books?id=Fr1nCgAAQBAJ&q=confucianism+state+ideology+emperor+wu&pg=PA15.
3. ↑ Scheidel, Walter (2014). State Power in Ancient China and Rome. p. 77. ISBN 9780190202255. https://books.google.com/books?id=wKoiBQAAQBAJ&q=confucianism+state+ideology+emperor+wu&pg=PA77.
4. ↑ Phillips, Andrew (2010). War, Religion and Empire: The Transformation of International Orders. p. 154. ISBN 9781139494014. https://books.google.com/books?id=lMBJsRyRUlgC&q=confucianism+sinosphere&pg=PA154.
5. ↑ Fang, Weigui (2019). Modern Notions of Civilization and Culture in China. p. 27. ISBN 9789811335587. https://books.google.com/books?id=HheJDwAAQBAJ&q=confucianism+chinese+cultural+sphere&pg=PA27.
6. ↑ Lou, Yulie (2015). Buddhism. p. 154. ISBN 9789047427971. https://books.google.com/books?id=jaOXCgAAQBAJ&q=cao+wei+confucianism&pg=PA154.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "壁觀南朝：南朝王朝短命、皇帝荒淫的根本原因還是在於教育的失敗". https://kknews.cc/history/pb4qox8.html.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Renard, John (2002). 101 Questions and Answers on Confucianism, Daoism, and Shinto. p. 41. ISBN 9780809140916. https://books.google.com/books?id=2fsCe699Ze8C&q=han+dynasty+confucianism&pg=PA41.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "儒学在越南". http://www.chinakongzi.org/baike/HAIWAIRUXUE/201707/t20170719_139215.htm.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 "辽、夏、金为何都奉儒家思想为正统治国理念？". https://cul.qq.com/a/20151227/005561.htm.
11. ↑ Baker, Don. Korean Spirituality (University of Hawai’i Press, 2008). p 53
12. ↑ Koh, Byong-ik. “Confucianism in Contemporary Korea,” In Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity, edited by Tu Wei-ming, (Harvard University Press, 1996) p 193
13. ↑ "从明末三方争霸看儒家的本质". https://kknews.cc/history/zpp5gzp.html.
14. ↑ "Neo-Confucianism in the Ming dynasty". https://mingdynastyhunter.weebly.com/philosophy.html.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "儒家思想对越南的影响". http://www.chinakongzi.org/zt/dyrx/201803/t20180321_174893.htm.
16. ↑ "北齐皇室对中国法律儒家化的贡献". http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_15758bb200102wbw8.html.
17. ↑ "儒家经典：北魏孝文帝思想的理论源泉". http://gb.oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?filename=DYLC201101009&dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFD2011.
18. ↑ 中国哲学. 2005. p. 76. https://books.google.com/books?id=D2DmAAAAMAAJ&q=北元+儒家.
19. ↑ "北周建德盛世：宇文氏43年卧薪尝胆统一北方，开启隋唐300年盛世". https://m.k.sohu.com/d/461609009?channelId=6&page=4.
20. ↑ "What is Neo Confucianism that Adopted by the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan?". https://www.fun-japan.jp/en/articles/11025.
21. ↑ "悍将负气西走，仅带走两百兵力，却大败三十国联军，建一世界强国". https://k.sina.cn/article_6512522204_1842d33dc00100czjv.html?from=history&subch=nauto.
22. ↑ Qiu, Ye; Chen, Shuyu (2019). 觀光資源概要. p. 68. ISBN 9789864876952. https://books.google.com/books?id=PKWcDwAAQBAJ&q=新朝+儒家&pg=PA68.
23. ↑ "元朝——短命的"儒家历史"". http://r.ilong.cn/article/detail/id/8.html.
24. ↑ Fan, Ruiping (2011). The Renaissance of Confucianism in Contemporary China. ISBN 9789400715424. https://books.google.com/books?id=TflW14YLLxUC.
25. ↑ Yang 2005.
26. ↑ Chambert-Loir 2015, pp. 67–107.
27. ↑ McMullen, James (1980). "How Confucian is Modern Japan?". Asian Affairs 11 (3): 276–283. doi:10.1080/03068378008729995. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03068378008729995?journalCode=raaf20. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
28. ↑ Jin, Woong Kang (2011). "Political Uses of Confucianism in North Korea". The Journal of Korean Studies 16 (1): 63–87. doi:10.1353/jks.2011.0000. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41490270. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
29. ↑ Beauchamp, Zack (18 June 2018). "Juche, the state ideology that makes North Koreans revere Kim Jong Un, explained". https://www.vox.com/world/2018/6/18/17441296/north-korea-propaganda-ideology-juche.
30. ↑ Sleziak, Tomasz (2013). "The Role of Confucianism in Contemporary South Korean Society". Educational Theory 66. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272389562. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
31. ↑ Tan, Charlene (2012). "'Our shared values' in Singapore: A Confucian perspective". Educational Theory 62 (4): 449–463. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5446.2012.00456.x. https://repository.nie.edu.sg/bitstream/10497/17866/4/ET-62-4-449.pdf. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
32. ↑ "Analysis of Elements in Modern Taiwanese Society that Preserve Traditional Confucian Values". http://jur.byu.edu/?p=7898.
33. ↑ Bui, Ngoc Son (2013). "The Confucian Foundations of Hồ Chí Minh's Vision of Government". Journal of Oriental Studies 46 (1). https://www.jstor.org/stable/43498666. Retrieved 21 December 2020.

## External links

* https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/confucianism-korea

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