List of deities in Sanamahism

Short description: Names of gods in Meitei mythology

Template:Sanamahism Sanamahism is the indigenous religion of the Meitei people. It originated in the Kingdom of Kangleipak, and is still practiced in modern Manipur, India, distinct from both the Indosphere and the Sinosphere. Sanamahism is a polytheistic religion with thousands of gods and goddesses of varying power, quality, features, and character.

## Contents

* 1 Principle deities
* 2 Guardians of the Directions
* 3 Incarnations of Leimarel Sidibi
* 4 Apokpa (ancestral deities)
* 5 Celestial gods
* 6 Gods of the Underworld
* 7 Umang Lai
* 7.1 Craft deities
* 7.2 Bird and animal goddesses
* 7.3 Agricultural deities
* 7.4 Lake and river goddesses
* 7.5 Market goddesses
* 8 Worship
* 9 See also
* 10 References
* 11 Bibliography
* 12 External links

## Principle deities

There are five main deities in Sanamahism:

* Atingkok Maru Sidaba Template:Meitei, creator of the universe.
* Lainingthou Sanamahi Template:Meitei, protector and guardian of mankind.[1]
* Pakhangba Template:Meitei, dragon god, ruler of the universe and destroyer of evil. A son of Salailen and Leimarel Sidabi.
* Leimarel Sidabi Template:Meitei, principle goddess of earth, nature and household. Mother of all living beings. Consort of Salailen and the mother of Pakhangba.
* Imoinu Template:Meitei, an incarnation of Leimarel, Goddess of household, hearth, family, kitchen, wealth, peace and prosperity.[2][3]

## Guardians of the Directions

In Sanamahism, there are ten directions, for which there are ten deities who are the protectors and the guardians.[citation needed]

Deities  | Direction  | Other attributes

|
|

Marjing Template:Meitei | North east  | God of polo, hockey, horses, sports and war. He rides on Samadon Ayangba, a flying horse, created by Sanamahi.
Thangjing Template:Meitei | South west  | Ruling deity of the Moirang dynasty.
Koupalu Template:Meitei | North west  | Founder of human civilization. He rides on a white elephant named Samu Laishaa Angoupa who guards the outskirts of Mount Koubru.[4]
Wangpulen Template:Meitei | South east  | God of the underwater world.
Kounu Template:Meitei | North  | Goddess of snows, hills and mountains. Consort of Koupalu and the mother of Loyalakpa and Nungthel Leima.[5]
Nongpok Ningthou Template:Meitei | East  | Consort of Panthoibi.
Lok Ningthou Template:Meitei | South  | God of streams, rivers, and gorges.
Loyalakpa Template:Meitei | West  | Guardian God of the Western direction. Son of Koupalu and Kounu.
Salailen Sidaba  | Zenith |
Thongalen Template:Meitei | Nadir | King of the Underworld and the God of the Death.

## Incarnations of Leimarel Sidibi

Leimarel Sidabi, the supreme goddess has incarnated several times in various forms with diverse attributes.

* Hikubi Yaikubi Template:Meitei, Goddess of gems.
* Irai Leima Template:Meitei, Goddess of water, daughter of Salailen, the sky God, who sent her down to earth to bring prosperity to human civilization.[6]
* Leimarel Sidabi
* Panthoibi Template:Meitei Goddess of civilization, courage, fertility, handicraft, love, victory, warfare and wisdom. A consort of God Nongpok Ningthou.[7]
* Ngaleima Template:Meitei, Goddess of fish and dweller in the underwater world. A daughter of Salailen, who sent her to earth to bring prosperity to humanity.
* Nongthang Leima Template:Meitei, Goddess of enchantment, seduction, thunder, and lightning. Created from the dazzling eyes of Salailen to seduce Pakhangba.
* Phouoibi Template:Meitei, Goddess of agriculture, crops, fertility, grains, rice, harvests, and wealth. A daughter of Salailen sent to earth to bring prosperity.
* Pithai Khongdaibi Template:Meitei, Goddess of motherhood.
* Silreima Template:Meitei, Goddess of work and occupation.
* Thumleima Template:Meitei, Goddess of salt; a daughter of Salailen.
* Yumjao Leima Template:Meitei, mother goddess of house, household, royalty, and power.

## Apokpa (ancestral deities)

The ancestral deities of every families and clans were called Apokpa. They are worshipped by their respective families (Yumnak) and clans (Yek Salai).

* Khuman Pokpa Template:Meitei
* Pureiromba Template:Meitei

## Celestial gods

According to the Khenchonglol the Sun, Moon, seven planets, and are twenty seven stars which are referred to as deities

* Nongmaiching (Sun)
* Ningthoukaba (Moon)
* Leipakpokpa (Mars)
* Yumsakeisa (Mercury)
* Sagolsen (Jupiter)
* Irai (Venus)
* Thangja (Saturn)
* Shakok (Uranus)
* Shamei (Neptune)

* Sajik (Arietis)
* Thaba (Musca)
* Khongjom Nubi (Pleiades)
* Apaknga (Lunar mansions)
* Sachung Telheiba (A Orionis)
* Likla Saphaba (Orion)
* Chingcharoibi (G Geminorum)
* Chungshennubi (Cancer)

In Meitei mythology, there are seven celestial goddesses, the Lai Nuraa Tare , the creation of the Lord Atingkok Maru Sidaba and seven nymphs or helloi taret, who are the daughters of the Salailen Sidaba.

## Gods of the Underworld

* Laikhurembi Template:Meitei, Goddess of argument, justice, good counsel, divine law, order, retribution and secrecy. Queen of the Underworld kingdom and a consort of God Thongalen.
* Lainaotabi Template:Meitei, Goddess of weaving, magic, and witchcraft, a consort of God Thongalen and later a concubine of Poireiton.
* Thongak Lairembi Template:Meitei, gatekeeper of the Underworld Kingdom and consort of Thongalen.
* Thongalen Template:Meitei, King of the Underworld and the God of Death.

## Umang Lai

There are more than 365 forest deities or Umang Lai in Sanamahism. They are always associated with a sacred grove. The term Umang Lai is also used to refer to the sacred abodes of the deities.

* Nongshaba Template:Meitei, Lion God who protects humanity from evils. A son of Salailen.
* Konthoujam Tampha Lairembi Template:Meitei, Queen of Heaven.
* Mongba Hanba Template:Meitei, a forest God associated with healing.
* Haoreima Template:Manipuri, Goddess of tragic love and separation, disease, souls and spirits.
* Ichum Lairembi Template:Manipuri, presiding goddess of the Khurkhul region.
* Koujeng Leima Template:Manipuri, a consort of God Koupalu and one of the nine goddesses who participated in the festival of Thangjing.
* Nungthel Leima Template:Manipuri, Goddess of the first villager, daughter of Koupalu and Kounu.
* Taoroinai Template:Manipuri, serpentine dragon god from the Moon.
* thareima (ꯊꯥꯔꯩꯃꯥ) the goddess of moon , calmness stillness, periods, peace

### Craft deities

* Lainaotabi Template:Meitei, Goddess of weaving, magic, and witchcraft, a consort of God Thongalen and later a concubine of Poireiton.
* Pisatao Template:Manipuri, God of architecture, artisans, forges, handicrafts, and metallurgy.
* Khamlangba Template:Meitei, God of iron, mining, metallurgy, hunting, and war.

### Bird and animal goddesses

* Nganu Leima Template:Manipuri, Goddess of waterfowl.
* Khunu Leima Template:Manipuri, Goddess of pigeons and doves.
* Shapi Leima Template:Manipuri, Goddess of rodents.

### Agricultural deities

* Panam Ningthou Template:Meitei, igniter of the first fire and the divine protector of crops (especially rice) from hailstorms and thunder.
* Phou Ningthou Template:Meitei, god of agriculture, crops, fertility, grains, rice, and harvests.
* Pureiromba Template:Meitei, giver of rain and agricultural prosperity, ancestral deity of the Angom clan.
* Phouoibi Template:Meitei, Goddess of agriculture, crops, fertility, grains, rice, harvests, and wealth.

### Lake and river goddesses

There are various Lake and river guardian goddesses.

* Loktak Ima of Loktak Lake
* Pumlenpat Lairembi of Pumlenpat Lake
* Thongjarok Lairembi of Thongjaorok River
* Iril Lairembi of Iril River
* Imphal Turel Lairembi of Imphal River
* Kongba Turel Lairembi of Kongba River

### Market goddesses

People worshipped one goddess for each market area considering the spirit of the goddess as the protector, guardian of the region.

* Pishum Keithel Lairembi of Pishumthong Market Region
* Singjamei Keithel Lairembi of Singjamei Market Region.
* Kongba Keithel Lairembi of Kongba Market Region

## Worship

According to the Loiyumpa Silyel Constitution,[8][9][10]# Meireima is worshipped by the Heirom family.[8][9][10]

1. Khanglangba is worshipped by the Irom family.[8][9][10]
2. Shorarel (heaven) is worshipped by the Sorelsangbam family.[8][9][10]
3. Lammabee is worshipped by the Sharang Leishangthem family.[8][9][10]
4. Phouoibi (goddess for paddy) is worshipped by the Sharotkhaibam family.[8][9][10]
5. Shanglang-mei (Kangla) is worshipped by the Potshangbam family.[8][9][10]
6. Kutchu (Wayenshang) is worshipped by the Moirang Pukhrambam family.[8][9][10]
7. Mawao Leima is worshipped by the Shoubam family.[8][9][10]
8. Panthoibi (most adored Meetei goddess) is worshipped by the Heishnam family.[8][9][10]
9. Pet-angnga is worshipped by the Khoisanam family.[8][9][10]
10. Laikhurembee is worshipped by the Taibangjam family.[8][9][10]
11. Huimureima is worshipped by the Konthoujam family.[8][9][10]
12. Lainaotabi is worshipped by the Ashangbam family.[8][9][10]
13. Nungthelleima is worshipped by the Chingkhwam family.[8][9][10]
14. Shoubonleima is worshipped by the Arambam family.[8][9][10]
15. Awangba (deity Lai-wangba) is worshipped by the Yenkhom Phisabam family.[8][9][10]
16. Luwaang Ching is worshipped by the Luwangshangbam family.[8][9][10]
17. Lainingthou is worshipped by the Sinam Laishangbam family.[8][9][10]
18. Puthiba is worshipped by the Moirangthem Puthem family.[8][9][10]
19. Pureiromba is worshipped by the Mangsatabam family.[8][9][10]
20. Tenlongba is worshipped by the Langmaithem family.[8][9][10]
21. Thongak is worshipped by the Ngarangyanpam family.[8][9][10]
22. Chingkol-Ningthou is worshipped by the Nakalbam family.[8][9][10]
23. Chingbal Leima is worshipped by the Khuraijam family.[8][9][10]
24. Yaoreibi is worshipped by the Meiyengbam family.[8][9][10]
25. Koubarel is worshipped by the Leishangthem family.[8][9][10]
26. Numitleima is worshipped by the Ningthoujam family.[8][9][10]
27. Koubru is worshipped by the Pukkalabam family.[8][9][10]
28. Marjing is worshipped by the Chenglei-Laishangbam family.[8][9][10]
29. Moirang Phaktom Ariba is worshipped by the Moirangthem family.[8][9][10]
30. Hongnemyoi Khunjao is worshipped by the Kangpucham family.[8][9][10]
31. Chinga is worshipped by the Chingkhalbam family.[8][9][10]
32. Langjing is worshipped by the Longjam Pheiroijam family.[8][9][10]
33. Langgol is worshipped by the Tekcham family.[8][9][10]
34. Langmaicheeng (Nongmaijing) is worshipped by the Nongmaithem family.[8][9][10]
35. Chinga Leima is worshipped by the Ningthoujam family.[8][9][10]
36. Langching Hiyangthou Leima is worshipped by the Heithou and Khongtekcham families.[8][9][10]
37. Yumjao Lairemma is worshipped by the Thaopicham family.[8][9][10]

## See also

* PuYa
* Sanamahi creation myth

## References

1. ↑ "How the name Sanamahi came into existence". http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Manipur_and_Religion.How_the_name_Sanamahi_came_into_existence.
2. ↑ "Meiteis celebrate Emoinu". https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/meiteis-celebrate-emoinu/cid/1627030.
3. ↑ (Admin), Jitendra. "Ima Emoinu Irat thouni being observed across Manipur". https://www.impacttv.in/breaking-news/item/929-ima-emoinu-irat-thouni-being-observed-across-manipur/.
4. ↑ Prakash, Col Ved (2007) (in en). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0706-9.
5. ↑ Ibemhal, Thounaojam Chanu (2000) (in mni). Haoreima Shambubi. pp. 222. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.467054/page/n222/mode/2up.
6. ↑ Neelabi, sairem (2006). Laiyingthou Lairemmasinggee Waree Seengbul. pp. 99. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466636/page/n99/mode/2up.
7. ↑ "Panthoibi celebrations under way". https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/panthoibi-celebrations-under-way/cid/319225.
8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 8.14 8.15 8.16 8.17 8.18 8.19 8.20 8.21 8.22 8.23 8.24 8.25 8.26 8.27 8.28 8.29 8.30 8.31 8.32 8.33 8.34 8.35 8.36 8.37 8.38 Manipur: Treaties & Documents. India: Mittal Publications, 1993\. p. 7–11
9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.16 9.17 9.18 9.19 9.20 9.21 9.22 9.23 9.24 9.25 9.26 9.27 9.28 9.29 9.30 9.31 9.32 9.33 9.34 9.35 9.36 9.37 9.38 Manikchand Singh, konsam (2012). Loiyumpa Silyel The Ancient Constitution Of Manipur. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.466474.
10. ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 10.14 10.15 10.16 10.17 10.18 10.19 10.20 10.21 10.22 10.23 10.24 10.25 10.26 10.27 10.28 10.29 10.30 10.31 10.32 10.33 10.34 10.35 10.36 10.37 10.38 "Historical evidence | Meeyamgi Ningtam Lanmee" (in en-US). 2022-02-25. https://plamanipur.com/historical-evidence/.

## Bibliography

* The Meitheis, by T.C. Hodson, Akansha Publication, Kolkata, 1908

## External links

Template:List of mythological figures by region Template:Sanamahi1

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