Maronite politics

Short description: Form of political sectarian nationalism

Template:Maronite politics sidebar Maronite politics (Arabic: المارونية السياسية), also translated as political Maronism, is a form of identity politics used in Lebanon that refers to sectarian ideals of Maronite politicians, as well as the period where Maronites were the main political actors in negotiations with France for political autonomy.[1]

In 1920, Maronites played a key role in the establishment of Greater Lebanon by the French Mandate.[2] They were the largest sect at the time, and were appointed to the main political offices; the President, the Prime Minister and the Speaker. The National Pact of 1943 dedicated their right to hold the presidency.[3]

Maronites are usually associated with Phoenicianism and Lebanese nationalism, which are ideologies that reject the Arab identity of Lebanon and the Lebanese people, claiming that they are descended from Phoenicians, an ancient civilization that lived on the coast of the Eastern Mediterranean.[4][5]

## Major parties

Party  | Leader  | Alliance  | Notes

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|
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| Lebanese Forces

القوات اللبنانية

al-Quwwāt al-Lubnānīyah

| LF  | Samir Geagea  | March 14  | The Lebanese Forces is a Christian-based political party and former militia during the Lebanese Civil War. It currently holds 19 of the 128 seats in Lebanon's parliament and is therefore the largest party in parliament. It was a major Christian player during the civil war while it controlled its own Maronite canton (Marounistan) north of the country.
| Free Patriotic Movement

التيار الوطني الحرّ

at-Tayyār al-Waṭanī al-Horr

| FPM  | Gebran Bassil  | March 8  | The Free Patriotic Movement is Maronite-based political party which follows the agenda of former president Michel Aoun. It currently holds 17 seats of the 128 seats in Lebanon's parliament. The party has large support in Christian districts like Batroun and Jezzine.
| Kataeb Party (Phalanges)

حزب الكتائب اللبنانية

Ḥizb al-Katā'ib al-Lubnānīya

| Kataeb  | Samy Gemayel  | March 14  | The Phalange Party is a Christian-based political party of Maronite majority and former militia. it currently holds 4 of the 128 seats in parliament, all of which are Maronite Christian. As a militia, it played a pivotal role during the Lebanese Civil War as it controlled its own Maronite canton (Marounistan) as part of the Lebanese Front. The party is also led by the Gemayel family, a notable Maronite family based in the regions of Achrafieh and Metn which carries the legacy of Pierre and Bashir Gemayel.
| Marada Movement

تيار المردة

Tayyār al-Marada

| MM  | Suleiman Frangieh  | March 8
| National Liberal Party

حزب الوطنيين الأحرار Ḥizb al-Waṭaniyyīn al-Aḥrār

| NLP  | Camille Dory Chamoun  | March 14  | The NLP is a party that is Maronite-based led by the Chamoun family. It currently holds 1 seat of the 128 seats in Lebanon's parliament. The party has large amounts of support from Christians in Chouf and Baabda.
| Independence Movement

حركة الاستقلال Harakat Al-Istiklal

| IM  | Michel Moawad  | March 14  | The Independence Movement is a sovereigntist, reformist and secular centre-right political party based in Zgharta, Lebanon, founded in 2006 by Michel René Moawad, son of the assassinated Lebanese President President René Moawad and first lady Nayla Moawad; a former Member of the Lebanese Parliament.[6] It held 3 seats in the 2005 Lebanese general election, and currently holds 1 seat in the Lebanese Parliament.

## References

1. ↑ "الفاعلون السنَّة في لبنان: التحديات والمستقبل" (in ar). http://studies.aljazeera.net/ar/reports/2015/04/201541674330933629.html.
2. ↑ ""لبنان الكبير " حقيقة تاريخية أثبتها البطريرك الياس الحويك وكرّسها اللبنانيون بنضالاتهم المستمرة في الدفاع عن الوطن والقضايا العربية!" (in en-US). 2015-08-21. https://alafkar.net/لبنان-الكبير-حقيقة-تاريخية-أثبتها-ا/.
3. ↑ "Lebanese National Pact | History, Significance, & Facts" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/event/Lebanese-National-Pact-1943.
4. ↑ "مئوية لبنان الكبير: تاريخية الفكرة القــومية - الكيان اللبناني" (in ar). https://www.aljoumhouria.com/ar/news/487568.
5. ↑ ""المارونية السياسية": أسطورة التأسيس وفرادة لبنان عربياً (2)" (in en-US). 2020-11-05. https://180post.com/archives/14211.
6. ↑ "Son of slain president urges action before Lebanon becomes 'failed state'" (in en). 2021-06-14. https://www.thenationalnews.com/mena/lebanon/son-of-slain-president-urges-action-before-lebanon-becomes-failed-state-1.1240382.

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Judaism and politics

* Halachic state
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Hinduism and politics

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Buddhism and politics

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Other

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