Mubah

Short description: Islamic jurisprudential term denoting an action that has no specific ruling

Mubāḥ (Arabic: مباح) is an Arabic word roughly meaning "permitted",[1] which has technical uses in Islamic law.

In uṣūl al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), mubāḥ is one of the five degrees of approval (ahkam):

1. farḍ/wājib (واجب / فرض) - compulsory, obligatory
2. mustaḥabb/mandūb (مستحب) - recommended
3. mubāḥ (مباح) - neutral, not involving God's judgment
4. makrūh (مكروه) - disliked, reprehensible
5. ḥarām/maḥzūr (محظور / حرام) - forbidden

Mubah is commonly translated as "neutral" or "permitted" in English.,[2][3] "indifferent"[4] or "(merely) permitted".[4][5] It refers to an action that is not mandatory, recommended, reprehensible or forbidden, and thus involves no judgement from God.[2] Assigning acts to this legal category reflects a deliberate choice rather than an oversight on the part of jurists.[3]

In Islamic property law, the term mubāḥ refers to things which have no owner. It is similar to the concept res nullius used in Roman law and common law.[6]

## See also

* Adiaphora, a similar concept in Stoicism
* Halal

## References

1. ↑ Hans Wehr, J. Milton Cowan (1976). A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (3rd ed.). Spoken Language Services. p. 81.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Vikør, Knut S. (2014). "Sharīʿah". in Emad El-Din Shahin. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. http://bridgingcultures.neh.gov/muslimjourneys/items/show/226. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Wael B. Hallaq (2009). Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations. Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition). p. Loc. 2160.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Baber Johansen (2009). "Islamic Law. Legal and Ethical Qualifications". in Stanley N. Katz. The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195134056.001.0001/acref-9780195134056-e-424.
5. ↑ Juan Eduardo Campo, ed (2009). "Halal". Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 284.
6. ↑ Ersilia Francesca (2009). "Possession. Yad in Islamic Law". in Stanley N. Katz. The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195134056.001.0001/acref-9780195134056-e-642.

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