Pakistani Taliban

Short description: Islamist militant organisation

Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan

Pashto: تحریکِ طالبان پاکستان, lit. 'Taliban Movement of Pakistan'

Also known as| Pakistani Taliban
Taliban Movement of Pakistan
Leaders|

* Baitullah Mehsud †[1]
(2007–2009)
* Hakimullah Mehsud †[2][3]
(2009–2013)
* Mullah Fazlullah †[4]
(2013–2018)
* Noor Wali Mehsud
(2018–present)[5]

Dates of operation| December 2007 – present
Allegiance|  Afghanistan (self-declared, publicly rejected by IEA)[6][7]
GroupScript error: No such module "Detect singular".|

Total groups: 60

*     * Jamaat-ul-Ahrar[lower-alpha 1]
* TNSM[lower-alpha 2]
* Lashkar-e-Islam[lower-alpha 3]
* Tariq Gidar Group
* Harakat-e-Inqilab-e-Islami
* Hafiz Gul Bahadur Group[9]
* Jaish-e-Fursan-e-Muhammad[10]
* Naeem Bukhari group[11][12]

Motives| Islamic Fundamentalism[13][14][15]
Pashtunwali[16]
Deobandi[17][18]
Sectarianism[19]
Separatism[20][21][22][23]
Headquarters| Eastern Afghanistan[24]
Active regions|

* Northwest Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
* Northern Balochistan
* Eastern/South eastern Afghanistan
* Southern Sindh (Karachi)
* Northern Punjab

Ideology| Deobandi jihadism[17][18]
Islamic fundamentalism[13][14][15][25]
Pashtunwali[16]
Sectarianism[19]
Separatism[20][21][22][23]
Notable attacks| 2008 Barcelona terror plot, 2010 Times Square car bombing attempt, 2010 Sikh beheadings, kidnapping of Swiss tourists in Balochistan, 2014 Peshawar school massacre, attack on Malala Yousafzai, 2016 Lahore suicide bombing, Lahore church bombings, Dasu bus attack
Status| Active
Size|

* 25,000 (2014)[26]
* 3,000–5,000 in Afghanistan (2019 USDOD estimate)[27][28]
* 6,000-6,500 total (2024 UN intelligence estimate)[29]
* 7,000–10,000 (2022 Pakistani government estimate)[30]

Allies|

* Al-Qaeda
* IMU (pro Al-Qaeda factions only)
* Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (until 2018)
* Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (until 2024)
* Tehreek-e-Jihad Pakistan (since 2023)
* Balochistan Liberation Army

Opponents|

* China[31]
* Pakistan
* ISAF

Battles and wars|

See engagements

*     * Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Battle of Wanna
* Operation al-Mizan
* Battle of Mirali
* Operation Rah-e-Haq (First Battle of Swat)
* 2007 Kurram Agency conflict
* Operation Zalzala
* Battle of Bajaur
* Operation Sirat-e-Mustaqeem
* Operation Rah-e-Rast (Second Battle of Swat)
* Operation Rah-e-Nijat
* 2009 Khyber Pass offensive
* Operation Janbaz
* Mohmand Offensive
* Operation Black Thunderstorm
* Orakzai and Kurram offensive
* 2011 Chitral cross-border attacks
* Operation Koh-e-Sufaid
* Operation Rah-e-Shahadat
* Operation Khyber
* Operation Zarb-e-Azb
* Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad
* 2023 Chitral cross-border attacks
* 2023 Kurram conflict
* 2024 Kurram conflict
* Operation Azm-e-Istehkam
* Operation Sarbakaf
* Insurgency in Balochistan
* Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad
* Operation Azm-e-Istehkam
* Afghanistan–Pakistan border conflicts
* 2011 Chitral cross-border attacks
* 2023 Chitral cross-border attacks
* 2025 North Waziristan border clashes
* Afghanistan–Pakistan clashes (2024–present)
* 2025 Afghanistan–Pakistan conflict
* Global War on Terrorism
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
* Taliban insurgency
* Afghan conflict
* Afghan civil war (1996–2001)
* War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
* Islamic State–Taliban conflict
* Republican insurgency in Afghanistan
* Syrian Civil War
* Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)
* 2024 Syrian opposition offensives
* Battle of Aleppo (2024)
* Fall of Damascus

Designated as a terrorist group by|  Argentina[32]
Bahrain[33]
Canada[34]
Pakistan[35]
Japan[36]
New Zealand[37]
UAE[38][39][40]
United Kingdom[41]
United States[42]
United Nations[43][44]

Preceded by
Template:Country data Taliban

The Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan[lower-alpha 4] (TTP), or simply the Pakistani Taliban, is a Deobandi jihadist militant organization that primarily operates along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border. It is designated as a terrorist organization by the United Nations and by the Government of Pakistan.[45] Founded by Baitullah Mehsud in 2007, it has been led by Noor Wali Mehsud since 2018. The TTP has publicly pledged allegiance to and fought alongside the Taliban, which has governed Afghanistan since 2021,[1] but it operates independently and does not share the Taliban's command structure.[46][47] Like the Taliban, the TTP ascribes to Pashtunwali and a highly conservative interpretation of Sunni Islam.

In Pakistan, the TTP is particularly known for carrying out suicide bombings and other attacks against government targets, political opponents, and Pakistani civilians.[1][48] The organization frequently engages in sectarian violence, especially against Shia Muslims and other non-Sunni minorities.[49] Most Islamist organizations in Pakistan coalesce under the TTP.[50] As a leading militant faction in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa insurgency, the TTP has claimed responsibility for several deadly attacks on the Pakistan Armed Forces, ultimately seeking to overthrow the Pakistani government and establish an Islamic state in line with the organization's Deobandi ideology.[51] The TTP has also used Pashtun-centric narratives[52][53] and often incited violence against non-Pashtun ethnicities, such as the Hazaras.[54] The TTP depends on the tribal belt along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border, from which it draws its recruits. The TTP receives ideological guidance from and maintains ties with al-Qaeda.[51] Some TTP members have also been affiliated with the Islamic State – Khorasan Province.[55] In 2019, there were around 3,000 to 4,000 TTP militants in Afghanistan, according to a report by the United States Department of Defense.[27][56][57] Between July and November 2020, the Amjad Farouqi group, one faction of the Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, the Musa Shaheed Karwan group, Mehsud factions of the TTP, Mohmand Taliban, Bajaur Taliban, Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, and Hizb-ul-Ahrar merged with TTP. This reorganization made TTP more deadly and led to increased attacks.[58]

The Pakistani Taliban have previously assisted the Afghan Taliban in the 2001–2021 war, however the two groups have separate ideologies and command structures.[46][47]

In 2020, after years of factionalism and infighting, the TTP under the leadership of Noor Wali Mehsud underwent reorganization and reunification. Mehsud has essentially steered the TTP in a new direction, sparing civilians and ordering assaults only on security and law enforcement personnel, in an attempt to rehabilitate the group's image and distance them from the Islamic State militant group's extremism.[59]

After the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in August 2021, Pakistan was unable to persuade the Afghan Taliban to crack down on the TTP.[60] The Afghan Taliban instead mediated talks between Pakistan and the TTP, leading to the release of dozens of TTP prisoners in Pakistan and a temporary ceasefire between the Pakistani government and the TTP.[61][62][63] After the ceasefire expired on 10 December 2021, the TTP increased attacks on Pakistani security forces from sanctuaries inside Afghanistan. The Pakistani airstrikes in Afghanistan's Khost and Kunar provinces on 16 April 2022 appeared to have been conducted in retaliation to the surge in terror attacks in Pakistan.[64]

In 2025, the Pakistani Taliban was labelled as Fitna al-Khawarij[lower-alpha 5] by the Government of Pakistan on orders on the Interior Ministry, thereby requiring all media outlets to refer to the TTP as Kharjites. According to them, this was done "in order to reveal to the people" what the Pakistani government considered as "the group's actual ideology".[65][66][67][68]

## Contents

* 1 History
* 1.1 Roots and development
* 1.2 Threats beyond Pakistan border
* 1.3 Leadership crisis
* 1.4 Designation as a terrorist organization
* 1.5 Internal splits
* 2 Organizational structure
* 2.1 Overview
* 2.2 Current leaders
* 2.3 Media
* 3 Relationship with other militant groups
* 3.1 Afghan Taliban
* 3.1.1 Cross-border controversy
* 3.2 Al-Qaeda
* 3.3 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
* 3.4 Ghazi Abdul Rashid Shaheed Brigade
* 3.5 Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
* 3.6 Punjabi Taliban
* 3.7 Other groups
* 4 Allegations of foreign involvement
* 4.1 Afghanistan
* 4.2 India
* 5 Claimed and alleged attacks
* 6 Motives, goals, and Ideology
* 7 Public opinion
* 7.1 Pakistan
* 7.1.1 Ex-FATA
* 8 Involvement in the Syrian Civil War
* 8.1 Post-Assad
* 9 See also
* 10 Notes
* 11 References
* 12 Further reading

## History

### Roots and development

The roots of the TTP as an organization began in 2002 when the Pakistani military conducted incursions into the tribal areas to originally combat foreign (Afghan, Arab and Central Asian) militants fleeing from the war in Afghanistan into the neighbouring tribal areas of Pakistan.[69][70] A 2004 article by the BBC explains:

> The military offensive had been part of the overall war against al-Qaeda. ... Since the start of the operation, the [Pakistani] military authorities have firmly established that a large number of Uzbek, Chechen and Arab militants were in the area. ... It was in July 2002 that Pakistani troops, for the first time in 55 years, entered the Tirah Valley (Orakzai Agency) in Khyber tribal agency. Soon they were in Shawal valley of North Waziristan, and later in South Waziristan. ... This was made possible after long negotiations with various tribes, who reluctantly agreed to allow the military's presence on the assurance that it would bring in funds and development work. But once the military action started in South Waziristan a number of Waziri sub-tribes took it as an attempt to subjugate them. Attempts to persuade them into handing over the foreign militants failed, and with an apparently mishandling by the authorities, the security campaign against suspected al-Qaeda militants turned into an undeclared war between the Pakistani military and the rebel tribesmen.[70]

Many of the TTP's leaders are veterans of the fighting in Afghanistan and have supported the fight against the NATO-led International Security Assistance Force by providing soldiers, training, and logistics.[48] In 2004 various tribal groups, as explained above, that would later form the TTP, effectively established their authority in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) by concurrently engaging in military attacks and negotiating with Islamabad. By this time, the militants had killed around 200 rival tribal elders in the region to consolidate control.[1] Several Pakistani analysts also cite the inception of U.S. missile strikes in the FATA as a catalyzing factor in the rise of tribal militancy in the area. More specifically they single out an October 2006 strike on a madrassah in Bajaur that was run by the Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi as a turning point.[71]

In December 2007, the existence of the TTP was officially announced under the leadership of Baitullah Mehsud.[1] It was formed in response to Pakistan military operation against Al-Qaeda militants in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) in 2007.[51]

On 25 August 2008, Pakistan banned the group, froze its bank accounts and assets, and barred it from media appearances. The government also announced that bounties would be placed on prominent leaders of the TTP.[72]

In late December 2008 and early January 2009, Mullah Omar sent a delegation, led by former Guantanamo Bay detainee Mullah Abdullah Zakir, to persuade leading members of the TTP to put aside differences and aid the Afghan Taliban in combating the American presence in Afghanistan.[48] Baitullah Mehsud, Hafiz Gul Bahadur, and Maulavi Nazir agreed in February and formed the Shura Ittehadul Mujahideen (SIM), also transliterated as Shura Ittehad-ul-Mujahideen and translated into English as the Council of United Mujahedeen.[48][73][74] In a written statement circulated in a one-page Urdu-language pamphlet, the three affirmed that they would put aside differences to fight American-led forces and reasserted their allegiance to Mullah Omar and Osama bin Laden.[48][73] However, the SIM did not last very long and collapsed shortly after its announcement.[71][75]Template:Jihadism sidebar

### Threats beyond Pakistan border

Qari Mehsud indicated in a video recorded in April 2010 the TTP would make cities in the United States a "main target" in response to U.S. drone attacks on TTP leaders.[76] The TTP claimed responsibility for the December 2009 suicide attack on CIA facilities in Camp Chapman in Afghanistan, as well as the attempted bombing in Times Square in May 2010.[56][57][77][78][79]

In July 2012, the TTP threatened to attack Myanmar in the wake of sectarian violence against Rohingya Muslims in the Arakan state. TTP spokesman Ehsanullah demanded the Pakistani government sever relations with Myanmar and close the Burmese embassy in Islamabad, and warned of attacks against Burmese interests if no action was taken. While the TTP has been conducting an insurgency in Pakistan, its ability to expand operations to other countries has been questioned. This was a rare occasion in which it warned of violence in another country.[80][81]

### Leadership crisis

In August 2009, a missile strike from a suspected U.S. drone killed Baitullah Mehsud. The TTP soon held a shura to appoint his successor.[82] Government sources reported that fighting broke out during the shura between Hakimullah Mehsud and Wali-ur-Rehman. While Pakistani news channels reported that Hakimullah had been killed in the shooting, Interior Minister Rehman Malik could not confirm his death.[83] On 18 August, Pakistani security officials announced the capture of Maulvi Omar, chief spokesperson of the TTP. Omar, who had denied the death of Baitullah, retracted his previous statements and confirmed the leader's death in the missile strike. He also acknowledged turmoil among TTP leadership following the killing.[84]

After Omar's capture, Maulana Faqir Mohammed announced to the BBC that he would assume temporary leadership of the TTP and that Muslim Khan would serve as the organization's primary spokesperson. He also maintained that Baitullah had not been killed, but rather was in bad health. Faqir further elaborated that decisions over leadership of the umbrella group would only be made in consultation and consensus with a variety of different TTP leaders. "The congregation of TTP leaders has 32 members and no important decision can be taken without their consultation," he told the BBC.[85][86] He reported to the AFP that both Hakimullah Mehsud and Wali-ur-Rehman had approved his appointment as temporary leader of the militant group.[87] Neither militant had publicly confirmed Faqir's statement, and analysts cited by Dawn News believed the assumption of leadership actually indicated a power struggle.[88]

Two days later Faqir Mohammed retracted his claims of temporary leadership and said that Hakimullah Mehsud had been selected leader of the TTP.[2] Faqir declared that the 42-member shura had also decided that Azam Tariq would serve as the TTP's primary spokesperson, rather than Muslim Khan.[3]

Under the leadership of Hakimullah, the TTP intensified its suicide campaign against the Pakistani state and against civilian (particularly Shia, Qadiyani and Sufi) targets.[71]

### Designation as a terrorist organization

On 1 September 2010, the United States designated the TTP as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) and identified Hakimullah Mehsud and Wali ur-Rehman as specially designated global terrorists. The designation of the TTP as an FTO makes it a crime to provide support or to do business with the group and also allows the U.S. to freeze its assets. The U.S. State Department also issued a $5 million reward for information on the two individuals' locations.[42][89]

In January 2011, the British government moved to classify the TTP as a banned terrorist organization under its Terrorism Act 2000.[41]

In July 2011, the Canadian government also added the TTP to its list of banned terrorist organizations.[34]

### Internal splits

In February 2014, a group of TTP terrorists under the lead of Maulana Umar Qasmi broke away from the organization to form the Ahrar-ul-Hind, in protest against the TTP's negotiations with the Pakistan government.[90]

In May 2014, the Mehsud faction of the TTP defected from the main group to form a breakaway unit called Tehreek-e-Taliban South Waziristan led by Khalid Mehsud. The breakaway group was unhappy with the various activities of the TTP, saying in a statement "We consider kidnapping for ransom, extortion, damage to public facilities and bombings to be un-Islamic. TTP Mehsud group believes in stopping the oppressor from cruelty, and supporting the oppressed."[91] The Mehsuds were widely seen as the most important group in the TTP and their loss was regarded as a major blow.[92] In February 2017, the TTP announced that the Mehsud faction had rejoined the group, following the "defection of the rogue elements to the rival parties".[93]

In August 2014, hardline elements of the TTP from four of the seven tribal districts formed a separate group called Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, led by the Mohmand Agency commander Omar Khalid Khorosani,[94] after disagreeing with Fazlullah's order to fight the Pakistani Army's Operation Zarb-e-Azb offensive in the Tribal Areas.[95] However, in March 2015, Jamaat-ul-Ahrar's spokesman announced that they were rejoining the TTP.[96] Some Uzbek and Arab fighters previously working with the TTP reportedly began leaving Pakistan to go to Iraq to fight alongside the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. In the same month, Asmatullah Muawiya, the commander of the Punjabi Taliban, announced that his faction was ending their armed struggle against the Pakistani state.[97]

In October 2014, the TTP's spokesman, Shahidullah Shahid, and the group's commanders in Orakzai, Kurram and Khyber tribal regions and Peshawar and Hangu Districts defected from the TTP and pledged allegiance to Islamic State (IS).[98]

## Organizational structure

### Overview

The TTP differs in structure to the Afghan Taliban in that it lacks a strong central command and is a much looser coalition of various militant groups, united by hostility towards the central government in Islamabad.[20][21][22]

In its original form, the TTP had Baitullah Mehsud as its amir. He was followed in the leadership hierarchy by Hafiz Gul Bahadur as naib amir, or deputy. Faqir Mohammed was the third most influential leader.[1] The group contained members from all of FATA's seven tribal agencies as well as several districts of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), including Swat, Bannu, Tank, Lakki Marwat, Dera Ismail Khan, Kohistan, Buner, and Malakand.[1] Some 2008 estimates placed the total number of operatives at 30–35,000, although it is difficult to judge the reliability of such estimates.[69]

In the aftermath of Baitullah Mehsud's death, the organization experienced turmoil among its leading militants. By the end of August 2009, however, leading members in the TTP had confirmed Hakimullah Mehsud as its second amir. Government and some TTP sources told the media that Hakimullah Mehsud was killed in January 2010 by injuries sustained during a U.S. drone attack. Unconfirmed reports from Orakzai Agency stated, after the death of Hakimullah Mehsud, Malik Noor Jamal, alias Maulana Toofan, had assumed leadership of the TTP until the group determined how to proceed.[99][100]

Reuters indicated in July 2011 that Hakimullah Mehsud's grip on the TTP leadership was weakening after the defection of Fazal Saeed Haqqani, the TTP leader in the Kurram region, from the umbrella militant group. Haqqani cited disagreements over attacks on civilians as reason for the split. The paper quoted an associate of Mehsud's as saying that "it looks as though he is just a figurehead now... He can hardly communicate with his commanders in other parts of the tribal areas ... he is in total isolation. Only a few people within the TTP know where he is."[101] A December 2011 report published in The Express Tribune further described the network as "crumbling" with "funds dwindling and infighting intensifying." According to various TTP operatives, the difficulties stemmed from differences of opinion within TTP leadership on pursuing peace talks with Islamabad.[102] In December 2012 senior Pakistan military officials told Reuters that Hakimullah Mehsud had lost control of the group and that Wali-ur-Rehman was expected to be formally announced as the head of the TTP.[103] However a video released later in the month showed Hakimullah Mehsud and Wali-ur-Rehman seated next to each other, with Mehsud calling reports of a split between the two as propaganda.[104] Mehsud and Rahman were later killed in separate airstrikes in 2013.[105][106]

In February 2020, the TTP reported the deaths of four TTP senior leaders within a one-week period.[107] All of these four leaders, among them former TTP deputy leader Sheikh Khalid Haqqani and Hakimullah Mehsud group leader Sheharyar Mehsud,[108][109] were killed within a month of each other as well.[107]

### Current leaders

* Noor Wali MehsudNoor Wali Mehsud (alias Abu Mansoor Asim) – Emir (chief) of Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan.[110]
* Muzahim (alias Mufti Hazrat) – Naib emir (deputy chief) of TTP.[111]
* Hafiz Gul Bahadur – Powerful faction in North Waziristan.[112]
* Aleem Khan Khushali – Faction active in North Waziristan.[113]
* Muhammad Khurasani – Central spokesman of TTP.[114]

### Media

The TTP's "media arm" is "Umar Media".[115] Umar Media provides a "behind the scenes" look at Taliban attacks. Video clips are made in Pashto with Urdu subtitles.[116][117] Umar Media also reportedly operated a Facebook page which had been created in September 2012 and had a few "likes" and a "handful of messages written in English". According to then TTP spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan, the page was being "temporarily" used before the TTP would plan to launch its own website. SITE Intelligence Group described the Facebook page as a "recruitment centre" looking for people to edit the TTP's quarterly magazine and videos.[118][119] The page was soon removed by Facebook and the account suspended.[119]

## Relationship with other militant groups

In a May 2010 interview, U.S. Gen. David Petraeus described the TTP's relationship with other militant groups as difficult to decipher: "There is clearly a symbiotic relationship between all of these different organizations: Al-Qaeda, the Pakistani Taliban, the Afghan Taliban, TNSM [Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi]. And it's very difficult to parse and to try to distinguish between them. They support each other, they coordinate with each other, sometimes they compete with each other, [and] sometimes they even fight each other. But at the end of the day, there is quite a relationship between them."[56]

Director of National Intelligence and United States Navy Admiral, Dennis C. Blair, told U.S. senators that the Pakistani state and army meanwhile draw clear distinctions among different militant groups.[120] While links exist between the Pakistani and Afghan Taliban, the two groups are distinct enough for the Pakistani military to be able to view them very differently.[121] American officials said that the S Wing of the Pakistani ISI provided direct support to three major groups carrying out attacks in Afghanistan: the Afghan Taliban based in Quetta, Pakistan, commanded by Mullah Muhammad Omar; the militant network run by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar; and a different group run by the guerrilla leader Jalaluddin Haqqani, all considered a strategic asset by Pakistan in contrast to the TTP run by Hakimullah Mehsud, which has engaged the Pakistani army in combat.[120]

### Afghan Taliban

Main article: Religion:Taliban

The Afghan Taliban and the Pakistani Taliban share the same ideology and a dominant Pashtun ethnicity, but they are distinct movements, differing in their histories, structures and goals.[20][21][77][89][46] The two groups frequently don't get along with each other.[122] An Afghan Taliban spokesman told The New York Times: "We don't like to be involved with them, as we have rejected all affiliation with Pakistani Taliban fighters ... We have sympathy for them as Muslims, but beside that, there is nothing else between us."[48][123] Peshawar-based security analyst Brigadier (retd) Muhamaad Saad believes the Taliban are not a monolithic entity. "They can be divided into three broad categories: Kandahari Taliban (Afghan Taliban), led by Mullah Omar; Paktia Taliban (Haqqani network), led by Jalaluddin Haqqani and his son Sirajuddin Haqqani; and Salfi Taliban (Pakistani Taliban)," he said. "It's the Salfi Taliban who pose a real threat to Pakistan. They may not be obeying the Taliban supreme leader Mullah Omar."[124] Some regional experts state that the common name "Taliban" may be more misleading than illuminating. Gilles Dorronsoro of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace believes that "the fact that they have the same name causes all kinds of confusion."[20] As the Pakistani Army began offensives against the Pakistani Taliban, many unfamiliar with the region mistakenly thought that the assault was against the Afghan Taliban of Mullah Omar.[20]

The TTP has almost exclusively targeted elements of the Pakistani state.[56] The Afghan Taliban however have historically relied on support from the Pakistani army in their campaign to control Afghanistan.[71][125] Regular Pakistani army troops fought alongside the Afghan Taliban in the War in Afghanistan (1996–2001).[126] Major leaders of the Afghan Taliban including Mullah Omar, Jalaluddin Haqqani and Siraj Haqqani are believed to have enjoyed safe haven in Pakistan.[127] In 2006, Jalaluddin Haqqani was called a 'Pakistani asset' by a senior official of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence.[127] Pakistan regards the Haqqanis as an important force for protecting its interests in Afghanistan and therefore has been unwilling to move against them.[127]

In 2007, Pakistani militants loyal to Baitullah Mehsud created the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan and killed around 200 rival Pakistani leaders. They officially defined goals to establish their rule over Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas subsequently engaging the Pakistani army in heavy combat operations. Intelligence analysts believe that these TTP's attacks on the Pakistani government, police and army strained relations between the Pakistani Taliban and the Afghan Taliban.[20] Afghan Taliban leader Mullah Omar asked the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan in late 2008 and early 2009 to stop attacks inside Pakistan.

Osama bin Laden

In February 2009, the three dominant Pakistani Taliban leaders agreed to put aside their differences to help counter a planned increase in American troops in Afghanistan and reaffirmed their allegiance to Mullah Omar (and to Osama bin Laden).[48] The agreement among the TTP leaders was short-lived, however, and instead of fighting alongside the Afghan Taliban the rival Pakistani factions soon engaged in combat with each other.[71][75]

Many Afghan Taliban officials resent the TTP's violent campaign against Pakistan. Afghan Taliban and Pakistani Taliban have also conducted attacks against each other. On 10 October 2013, heavily armed Afghan Taliban attacked a Pakistani Taliban base in Kunar province of Afghanistan. The attack resulted in the death of three TTP commanders. However, TTP denied any losses.[128] Again on 25 June 2016, Afghan Talibans and TTP clashed with each other in the Kunar province of Afghanistan. Afghan defense ministry claims that eight Pakistani Taliban militants and six Afghan Taliban militants were killed in the clash.[129] Moreover, Some Sources also claim that TTP was behind the death of Nasiruddin Haqqani because TTP believed that Haqqani Network was behind the death of Hakimullah Mehsud as they disclosed whereabouts of Hakimullah Mehsud to US military in Afghanistan.[130][122]

Since 2007, the TTP had been responsible for some of the worst terrorist attacks in Pakistan, including the 2014 Peshawar school massacre, and had targeted civilians and security forces in wave after wave of suicide bombings, improvised explosive device (IED) blasts, targeted killings and other forms of attacks. Following the TTP's Peshawar school massacre, the leaders of the Afghan Taliban condemned the Pakistani Taliban's actions on the school, saying it was "Un-Islamic".[131]

However, despite the atrocities of the Pakistani Taliban, Pakistan was unable to persuade the Afghan Taliban to crack down on the Pakistani Taliban when the Afghan Taliban seized power in Kabul in August 2021.[60] Instead, the Afghan Taliban mediated talks between Pakistan and the akistani Talibant hat led to the release of dozens of Pakistani Taliban prisoners in Pakistan. In November 2021, the Afghan Taliban helped facilitate a one-month ceasefire between the government of Prime Minister Imran Khan and the Pakistani Taliban. The ceasefire was not renewed when it expired, however, and the Pakistani Taliban's emir, Noor Wali Mehsud, asked his fighters to resume their attacks in Pakistan from 10 December 2021.[62][63]

#### Cross-border controversy

In July 2011, after Pakistani missile attacks against Afghan provinces, Pakistani media reports alleged that senior Pakistani Taliban leaders were operating from Afghanistan to launch attacks against Pakistani border posts. According to the reports, Qari Zia-ur-Rahman hosted Faqir Muhammad in Kunar province while Sheikh Dost Muhammad, a local Afghan Taliban leader, hosted Maulana Fazlullah in Nuristan province. Faqir Muhammad, who claimed responsibility for a 4 July 2011 attack on a paramilitary checkpoint and for similar attacks in June 2011 on several border villages in Bajaur, stated during a radio broadcast, "Our fighters carried out these two attacks from Afghanistan, and we will launch more such attacks inside Afghanistan and in Pakistan." Afghan Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid strongly rejected the reports and denied the possibility of Pakistani Taliban setting up bases in Afghan Taliban-controlled areas.[132][133] Tameem Nuristani, Governor of Afghanistan's Nuristan Province, told The Express Tribune that while the "Afghan Taliban have never carried out cross-border attacks in Pakistan," TTP militants may have "safe-havens" in Kunar and Nuristan in "areas where the government's writ does not exist".[124]

In June 2012 a spokesman from the Pakistani Taliban's Malakand division revealed to The Express Tribune that TTP militants "regularly move across the porous border" to stage attacks against Pakistan but had only been in Afghanistan for a few months previously, despite to Pakistani claims that the Pakistani Taliban had long used Afghan territory as a staging ground.[134]

Both governments blame the other for harbouring Taliban militants along the shared border.[135] In 2009 Pakistan launched offensives to force the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan from its territory in South Waziristan.[136] Some analysts say the fighting pushed TTP militants to the Nuristan and Kunar provinces of Afghanistan, where they have regrouped to threaten Pakistani border regions.[137] The Pakistani military claims "scanty presence" of NATO and Afghan forces along the border has enabled militants to use these areas as safe havens and launch repeated attacks inside Pakistan.[137] Afghan officials state that the withdrawal of US forces out of parts of Kunar province beginning in 2010 created a power vacuum that militants filled.[138] They point to the fact that the Afghan state in some areas has little control due to its war against the Afghan Taliban which are supported by Pakistan according to many international and Afghan institutions, analysts and officials.[121][139] Pakistan vehemently denies this claim,[140] although some Afghan Taliban commanders stated that their training was indeed overseen by "ISI officers in a camp in Pakistan" and that they were being armed by Pakistan to fight the Afghan state and international troops in Afghanistan.[141][142][131]

### Al-Qaeda

Flag of al-Qaeda

Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan has close ties to al-Qaeda, sharing money and bomb experts and makers. John Brennan, Barack Obama's chief counterterrorism adviser, said: "It's a group that is closely allied with al-Qaeda. They train together, they plan together, they plot together. They are almost indistinguishable."[143] Ambassador-at-large Daniel Benjamin stated, "The TTP and Al Qaeda have a symbiotic relationship: TTP draws ideological guidance from Al Qaeda, while Al Qaeda relies on the TTP for safe haven in the Pashtun areas along the Afghan-Pakistani border... This mutual cooperation gives TTP access to both Al Qaeda's global terrorist network and the operational experience of its members. Given the proximity of the two groups and the nature of their relationship, TTP is a force multiplier for al-Qaeda."[89] Ayesha Siddiqa of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars describes the TTP as "a franchise of al Qaeda" and attributes strong ties to al-Qaeda's acquisition of "a more local character over the years."[21] Since the days of the Soviet era, some al-Qaeda operatives have established themselves in Pashtun areas and enmeshed themselves in the local culture.[22]

In 2008, Baitullah Mehsud met with Ayman al-Zawahiri in South Waziristan. Prior to this meeting the Pakistani Taliban answered to the Afghan Taliban and pro-Pakistan militant commanders. At the time Pakistani authorities believed that Mehsud was in fact an al-Qaeda operative.[144] In February 2009 Baitullah Mehsud, Hafiz Gul Bahadur and Maulavi Nazir released a statement in which they reaffirmed their allegiance to Osama bin Laden.[48][73]

### Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

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According to United Nation report, ISIS core leadership sends funds to TTP in Afghanistan to "outsource" attacks due to its depleted manpower. The report also claims that ISIS would cease to exist in Afghanistan without these funds.[145]

According to Borhan Osman, a senior analyst at International Crisis Group (ICG), the Islamic State (IS) fighters who started the ISIS-K branch of ISIS were TTP militants who had long settled in Afghanistan. He claims that many members of the TTP fled Pakistan and went to seek refuge in Afghanistan as a result of military operations conducted by Pakistan security forces. In Afghanistan, National Directorate of Security (NDS) tried to persuade them to fight against Pakistan and the Afghan Taliban. Initially, only few of them fought against Pakistan and Afghan Talibans. However, after that TTP members in Afghanistan changed their allegiance to ISIS-K. Initially, because of their good relations with Afghan armed forces, the locals in Afghanistan thought that they were pro-Afghan government forces based. They also claimed that they were there to fight Afghan Talibans and Pakistan. However, after series of events, ISIS-K also turned hostile towards to Afghan government and locals.[146]

### Ghazi Abdul Rashid Shaheed Brigade

The Ghazi Abdul Rashid Shaheed Brigade, whose name is commonly shortened to Ghazi Brigade or Ghazi Force, emerged as a jihadi organization after the Lal Masjid Operation of 2007. In 2009 the Ghazi Brigade worked closely with the TTP during military operations in the Swat Valley, and the two groups jointly planned attacks on western targets in Islamabad.[147][148]

### Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan

The TTP and the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) have a long history of collaboration. At one point prior to his appointment as TTP chief, Baitullah Mehsud lived with Tohir Yo'ldosh, the IMU's former leader, who became an ideological inspiration and offered the services of his 2,500 fighters to Mehsud.[149] In April 2009 Muslim Khan listed the IMU among the TTP's allies in an interview with AP.[123] The IMU posted a video online in September 2010 that featured footage of Yo'ldosh's successor, Abu Usman Adil, meeting with Hakimullah Mehsud and Wali-Ur-Rahman Mehsud.[150] On 8 June 2014, the TTP accepted responsibility for conducting the Jinnah International Airport attack. The militants who participated in the attack were Uzbeks belonging to the IMU, and the TTP described the attack as a joint operation between TTP and IMU.[151]

### Punjabi Taliban

The Punjabi Taliban reportedly developed strong connections with the TTP, the Afghan Taliban, Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi and various other groups based in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).[152][153] The TTP and the Punjabi Taliban both claimed the 2009 Lahore bombing shortly after the attack.[154] On 24 August 2013, a spokesman for the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan claimed that the head of the Punjabi Taliban faction, Asmatullah Muawiya, had been stripped of his leadership for welcoming the Pakistani government's peace talks offer. Muawiya responded by saying that the Taliban central Shura (council) did not have the capacity to remove him because the Punjabi Taliban is a separate group. He added that his group has its own decision-making body to decide leadership and other matters.[155] After a U.S. drone strike in Pakistan near Miranshah which killed 2 Punjabi Taliban members and interrupted a period of time with no drone strikes in which the Pakistani government held talks with the TTP and Punjabi Taliban, Muawiya announced that the Punjabi Taliban was ending their activities within Pakistan to focus on American soldiers in Afghanistan on 13 September 2014.[156][157]

### Other groups

US officials admitted to The New York Times that they found it increasingly difficult to separate the operations of the various Pakistani militant groups active in the tribal areas of Pakistan.[57] Individuals and groups that are believed to have a supportive relationship with the TTP include:

* Harkat-ul Jihad Islami (HuJI), an al-Qaeda-linked terror group[158]
* Ilyas Kashmiri[159] – killed
* Qari Saifullah Akhtar[158] – killed
* Jaish-e-Mohammed[71][123]
* Lashkar-e-Jhangvi[71][160]
* Lashkar-e-Taiba[123]
* Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan[71]

## Allegations of foreign involvement

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The Pakistani military and civilian leadership have repeatedly alleged that the Indian intelligence agency RAW has been funding and training TTP members using a network of Indian consulates in Afghanistan along the Pakistani border.[161][162][163] The allegations claim that when the TTP emerged, Afghan and Indian intelligence agencies were quick to seize the opportunity to infiltrate and utilise some of its elements, particularly Baitullah Mehsud's kin, against the Pakistani government and its armed forces. Pakistan claims that NDS (Afghanistan's intelligence agency) officials have openly admitted to their involvement with Tehreek-e-Taliban.[164]

### Afghanistan

Afghanistan has always been safe 'sanctuary' for Tehreek-e-Taliban. Mullah Fazlullah and his followers have been living in Afghanistan since 2009. In 2012, United States military and intelligence officials admitted that Mullah Fazlullah and his followers are living in Kunar and Nuristan provinces of Afghanistan. However, the U.S. military claimed that they are not targeting Mullah Fazlullah because he is not their priority as he is not affiliated with Al-Qaeda or with the insurgents who target U.S. or Afghan interest. Moreover, the ISAF advisers believe that 'Afghan Army is allowing them to operate in Afghanistan'.[165] Later on in 2017, Afghanistan Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah admitted that Tehreek-e-Taliban have a foothold in Afghanistan. However, he claimed that Afghan Government is not supporting them.[166] Head of National Directorate of security (NDS), Asadullah Khalid posted a tweet on Twitter where he claimed that Tehreek-e-Taliban attack on Pakistan air force Badaber Camp was tit for tat. His claim highlights NDS support to Tehreek-e-Taliban.[167] In 2013, United States military captured senior Tehreek-e-Taliban leader, Latif Mehsud, from an Afghan army and intelligence convoy. The Afghan convoy was guarding Latif Mehsud and taking him to National Directorate of Security (NDS) headquarters. They were intercepted by U.S. military in Logar Province of Afghanistan.[168][169]

Senior Afghan analyst Borhan Osman claims that the Pakistan military offensive against the Tehreek-i-Taliban in Federally Administered Tribal Areas forced many members of the TTP to flee Pakistan and seek shelter in Afghanistan. Tehreek-i-Talibans were welcomed in Afghanistan and were treated as 'guests' by the Afghan Government and by the local people. Apart from Tehreek-i-Talibans, many other militants groups like Lashkar-e-Islam and other factions of Tehreek-i-Talibans were allowed to live in Afghanistan. Tribal elders and locals from Achin, Nazin and Kot testify that the militants were allowed free movement in the province and treatment in Government run hospitals. When moving outside their hub, they would go unarmed. National Directorate of Security (NDS) wanted them to fight against the Pakistani government and the Afghan Talibans. Initially, only few of them fought against Pakistan and Afghan Talibans. However, that changed after TTP members in Afghanistan changed their allegiance to ISIS-K. Once they pledged allegiance to ISIS-K, they claimed that they were there to fight Afghan Taliban and Pakistan. Because of their Anti-Afghan Taliban and Anti-Pakistan attitude, many locals believed that ISIS-K were a pro-government forces.[146]

Pakistan claims that Afghan intelligence agencies are also involved in the support of TTP.[170] Notably in 2014, a major TTP leader, Latif Mehsud, was caught by U.S. troops in Afghanistan while he was in a convoy escorted by Afghan Intelligence. American forces captured the TTP leader and handed him over to Pakistani authorities. This angered the Afghan President Hamid Karzai, since Mehsud had been recruited for peace talks according to Afghan authorities.[171]

In 2016, Latif Mehsud gave a public video confession during which he claimed that Indian and Afghan intelligence agencies were responsible for supporting the TTP and other militant groups against Pakistan.[172]

Since the Fall of Kabul in 2021, Pakistan has continued to accuse Afghanistan of supporting terrorism. Accusations have been made against the Taliban government for providing ground for destabilising Pakistan. In 2025, Ahmed Sharif Chaudhry, DG ISPR, urged Afghanistan not to allow its territory to be used as a base for activities that destabilise Pakistan, emphasising concerns over cross-border militancy. Hafiz Zia Ahmad Takal, spokesperson for Afghanistan's Foreign Ministry, denied the presence of armed groups in the country and asserted that the Islamic Emirate would not permit Afghan soil to be used to threaten neighbouring countries, the region, or the wider world.[173]

### India

Army Public School, the location of the 2014 Peshawar school attack

In December 2014, after the Peshawar school massacre in which 132 children were killed, the Pakistani authorities again alleged that there was significant proof of Indian support of TTP to destabilise Pakistan and to counter Pakistan's Afghan policy.[174] The Pakistan Army's official spokesman, Major General Asim Bajwa, said in the aftermath of the attack that, "India is funding Taliban in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Balochistan," adding that "...a banned outfit cannot function on such a big scale unless foreign powers are funding it."[174]

In 2016, Latif Mehsud gave a public video confession during which he claimed that Indian and Afghan intelligence agencies were responsible for supporting the TTP and other militant groups against Pakistan.[172]

The Sindh Home Ministry in November 2015, wrote a letter to the Rangers and Police claiming Taliban had funded terrorist activities in Karachi. According to the letter, RAW funded around Rs 20 million for terrorist activities in Karachi. "The funding has been provided to banned Tehreek-e-Taliban Swat," the letter claimed.[175]

## Claimed and alleged attacks

* Destruction in Karachi from rioting following the assassination of Benazir BhuttoThe Pakistani government implicated the network in the December 2007 assassination of Benazir Bhutto although the group denies the charge. The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency also confirmed its belief of TTP's involvement in January 2008.
* The Tehreek-e-Nafaz-e-Shariate-Mohammadi (TNSM) claimed responsibility for a 23 December 2007 suicide bombing targeting a military convoy on behalf of the TTP. The blast in the Mingora area of the Swat Valley killed five soldiers and six civilians.[1]
* TTP spokesman Maulvi Umar claimed responsibility of 2008 Dera Ismail Khan suicide bombing.
* TTP spokesman Maulvi Umar claimed that the group was responsible for 21 August 2008 suicide bomb attack on a military complex.
* TTP claimed responsibility for the 23 August 2008 Swat Valley bombing.
* Someone using the name Abdur Rehman claimed that the TTP was behind a 6 November 2008 suicide bombing that targeted tribal elders, who had gathered in the Bajaur tribal area to discuss efforts to coordinate with the government against the Pakistani Taliban. The blast took the lives of 16 and injured 31.[176]
* On 13 November 2008, the TTP intercepted a military convoy along the Khyber Pass bound for NATO troops in Afghanistan.
* In telephone interviews with news media Mehsud claimed responsibility for the 30 March 2009 attack on the police training academy in Lahore.[177][178] He told the BBC that the attack was in retaliation for continued missile strikes from American drones for which the Pakistani government shared responsibility. In the same interview Mehsud claimed two other attacks: a 25 March attack on an Islamabad police station and a 30 March suicide attack on a military convoy near Bannu.[177]
* Mehsud claimed responsibility for the Binghamton shooting, saying they were in retaliation for continued missile strikes from American drones. The FBI denied this claim and stated this had nothing to do with Mehsud.[179]
* Azam Tariq, spokesman of the TTP, claimed responsibility for a suicide bombing at a security checkpoint along the Pakistan-Afghan border near Torkham on 27 August 2009. Tariq said by telephone that the attack was the first in retaliation for the death of Baitullah Mehsud. Although the exact number of casualties was unknown, a doctor at a nearby hospital told Dawn News that they had received 22 bodies and local people working at the blast site said they had retrieved 13 bodies.[180]
* Azam Tariq claimed responsibility for a suicide attack that killed five at the UN's World Food Programme Islamabad offices on 5 October 2009.[181]
* The TTP, through Azam Tariq, claimed responsibility for the October 2009 attack on the army's headquarters at Rawalpindi. Tariq told the Associated Press that the attack was carried out by its "Punjabi faction" although the military insisted the attack originated in South Waziristan.[182]
* The militant group claimed responsibility for three separate coordinated attacks in Lahore. 10 militants targeted buildings used by the Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), the Manawan Police Training School and the Elite Police Academy.[183]
* The Pakistani Taliban, as well as the Afghan Taliban, claimed responsibility for the 30 December 2009 attack on Camp Chapman, a base of operations for the CIA, inside Khost Province, Afghanistan. The TTP released a video of Hakimullah Mehsud sitting next to the suicide bomber, Humam Khalil Abu Mulal al-Balawi, a Jordanian national who had been working with the CIA. In the video, al-Balawi states that the attack is in retaliation for the killing of Baitullah Mehsud. Many analysts doubted that the TTP acted alone.[77][78]
* Aftermath of the 2010 car bombing attempt in New York City's Times SquareIn a video posting on YouTube, Qari Hussain claimed that the TTP was behind the May 2010 attempted car bomb in New York City's Times Square.[184]
* An attack on two minority mosques in Lahore during May 2010 was claimed by the Taliban.
* In July 2010, the TTP claimed responsibility for a suicide bombing in the Mohmand Agency. Two blasts occurred outside a senior government official's office as people gathered to receive relief supplies. As many as 56 people died and at least 100 suffered injuries.[185]
* On 4 October 2010 the TTP claimed responsibility for an attack near Islamabad on fuel tankers bound for NATO troops in Afghanistan.[186]
* In December 2010, the TTP claimed responsibility for a double suicide bombing upon administrative buildings in the Mohmand district's Ghalalnai village. The blast killed 40–50 people. The purported head of the TTP in Mohmand, Omar Khalid, claimed responsibility in a telephone call with the AFP.[187][188] The military's chief spokesman, Major General Athar Abbas indicated to Al Jazeera that the TTP attackers were based in neighbouring Afghanistan.[189]
* In December 2010, the TTP in South Waziristan kidnapped 23 tribesmen who had recently attended meetings with the Pakistani military.[190]
* The TTP claimed responsibility for a 15 January 2011 attack on NATO fuel tankers likely bound for the border crossing town of Chaman. Azam Tariq told the AP, "We have assigned our fighters to go after NATO supply tankers wherever in Pakistan."[191]
* On 31 January 2011 Azam Tariq, on behalf of the TTP, claimed responsibility of a suicide bombing in Peshawar that targeted police. The blast killed 5 people (3 police and 2 civilians) and injured 11.[192]
* On 10 February 2011 the TTP claimed responsibility for a suicide bombing at an army compound in Mardan that killed at least 31 people. Azam Tariq told the AFP that the attack was in response to repeated U.S. drone attacks and military incursions in the tribal areas. He also threatened further attacks against "those who protect the Americans".[193][194]
* The TTP released a video of the execution of a former ISI officer known as Colonel Imam. The TTP said they had carried out the murder on 17 February 2011. His body was found near Mir Ali, North Waziristan.[195][196][197]
* On 8 March 2011 a car bomb explosion at a gas station in Faisalabad killed at least 32 and injured 125. Pakistani Taliban spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan claimed responsibility and stated that the intended target was a nearby ISI office. He said that the attack was in retaliation for the death of a Taliban commander the previous year.[198][199]
* On 9 March 2011 a suicide bomber attacked a funeral procession in Peshawar. The procession consisted of many anti-Taliban militiamen. Spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan said the Pakistani Taliban had carried out the attack because the militiamen had allied themselves with the Pakistani government and, by extension, the United States.[200][201]
* On 4 April 2011 two suicide bombers attacked a Sufi shrine in Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. The bombings occurred while thousands of devotees were gathered for the annual Urs celebrations at the shrine. The attack left more than 50 people dead, as well as 120 wounded.[202] The Pakistani Taliban are ideologically opposed to Sufism and claimed responsibility soon after the attacks.[203]
* Pakistani Taliban claimed responsibility for two remotely detonated explosions that targeted two Pakistani Navy buses in Karachi on 26 April 2011.[204]
* Spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan claimed responsibility for a 28 April 2011 attack upon a Pakistani Navy bus in Karachi that killed 5.[204]
* On 13 May 2011 the TTP claimed responsibility for a dual suicide bomb attacks on a Frontier Constabulary (FC) headquarters in Shabqadar, a town about 30 kilometers north of Peshawar, in Charsadda District. The attack killed more than 80 and injured at least 115 people. Most of the casualties were FC cadets. TTP spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan claimed that the attack was retribution for the killing of Osama bin Laden.[205]
* The TTP claimed responsibility for a 22 May 2011 attack on a naval station in Karachi.[206]
* A suicide bomber drove an explosives-laden pickup truck into a Peshawar police building on 25 May 2011. The blast killed six and wounded 30. The Pakistani Taliban claimed responsibility.[207]
* On 13 September 2011, five militants with assault rifles and rockets attacked a school bus, killing the driver, four boys aged 10 to 15, and wounding two seven-year-old girls. TTP claimed responsibility.[208]
* On 1 December 2011 the TTP claimed responsibility for the death of Hashim Zaman, an anti-TTP tribal leader, who was killed in Hangu.[209][210]
* TTP militants abducted 15 Pakistani paramilitary soldiers on 23 December 2011 from a fort in Mullazai. TTP spokesperson Ihsanullah Ihsan announced on 5 January 2012 that the militant group had executed the 15 paramilitary soldiers.[211][212] The bodies were recovered close to a ravine and were mutilated according to locals.[213] On 22 January 2012 the TTP released a video showing the execution of the 15 soldiers.[214][215]
* Ahmed Marwat, a spokesman for a Jandola faction of the TTP, claimed to Reuters that Mohammed Merah, culprit of the Toulouse and Montauban shootings, had received TTP training in North Waziristan. However, Marwat denied the TTP's involvement in the shootings, and the head of French intelligence indicated they had no evidence that Merah belonged to any militant Islamist group.[216] Pakistani officials allege that the TTP trained 85 French nationals between 2009 and 2012.[217]
* The TTP Khyber Agency faction claimed responsibility for a 23 March 2012 bombing that targeted a mosque, run by Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI), in Kolay village of Tirah Valley. The blast killed more than a dozen people and injured at least six others. A TTP spokesman told reporters that the attacks against the LeI would continue.[218]
* The TTP claimed responsibility for a 5 April 2012 suicide bombing targeting a police vehicle in Karachi. The blast killed two and injured nine.[219][220]
* On 15 April 2012 the TTP claimed responsibility for a prison break in Bannu. 384 convicts escaped although many were later recaptured.[221][222]
* A suicide bomb on 4 May 2012 killed 24 and wounded at least 45 in a Bajaur market . The TTP claimed responsibility.[223]
* The Malakand branch of the TTP claimed responsibility for 24 June 2012 attacks on Pakistani security checkpoints near the Afghan border. 13 Pakistani troops were reportedly killed while 14 militants died. The Pakistani military alleged that the militants had crossed over from Afghanistan, but the TTP did not confirm in claiming responsibility. The TTP also denied that it had taken casualties.[224][225]
* On 25 June 2012 the TTP claimed responsibility for gunfire on Aaj News TV, a local station in Karachi. Two were injured. Ehsanullah Ehsan said that the TTP was upset that it was not receiving coverage equal to that of the Pakistani military and government.[226][227]
* On 9 July 2012 militants linked to the TTP attacked an army camp near Gujrat city that killed seven soldiers and a policeman. A pamphlet found at the scene indicated that attacks against government installations would continue as long as Pakistan allowed NATO to use its territory to transport supplies into Afghanistan.[228][229]
* The TTP claimed responsibility for a 16 August 2012 attack on the Minhas Airbase in Kamra. The two-hour firefight resulted in the deaths of nine insurgents and two soldiers. Three other soldiers were wounded.[230]
* On 16 August 2012 militants removed 22 Shiites from buses and executed them in Mansehra District. The Darra Adam Khel faction of the TTP claimed responsibility in a telephone interview with Reuters.[231]
* The TTP claimed responsibility for the 9 October 2012 school-bus shooting of Malala Yousafzai, a young activist blogger, and two other schoolgirls.[232][233] Supporting the attack, TTP spokesman Ehsanullah Ehsan stated "whom so ever leads a campaign against Islam and Shariah is ordered to be killed by Shariah." He added that it is "not just allowed … but obligatory in Islam" to kill such a person involved "in leading a campaign against Shariah... ."[234]
* The TTP claimed responsibility for the 2014 Jinnah International Airport attack, which was carried out jointly with the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan. The militants who participated in the attack were Uzbek foreigners.[151]
* Malala YousafzaiThe TTP claimed responsibility for the 2014 Peshawar school attack which claimed 141 lives, including 132 school children between eight and 18 years of age, with the remaining nine fatalities being staff members of the school.[235][236]
* TTP-affiliated organizations were held responsible for the 2015 Tonsa bombing, which targeted the office of Amjad Farooq Khan. Seven people were killed in the suicide bombing.[237]
* A commander within the TTP claimed responsibility for the Bacha Khan University attack, in which at least thirty students and teachers were killed by as yet unidentified gunmen. However, a spokesperson for the Pakistan Taliban denied the group's involvement.[238]
* On 20 January 2017. An IED placed in a vegetable crate, exploded at a vegetable market in Parachinar. The Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan claimed responsibility for the explosion. The blast killed at least 25 people and injured at least 87 others.[239]
* Tehreek-e Taliban claimed responsibility for an attack on 2 February 2018 in which 11 soldiers, including a captain of the Pakistan Army were killed when a terrorist blew himself up during a volleyball match in Swat valley.
* Tehreek-i-Taliban claimed responsibility on 14 February 2018 for an attack in which, their gunmen killed 2 Frontier Constabulary soldiers in Quetta.[240]
* On 11 October 2018 a roadside bomb targeted a vehicle belonging to the Pakistani Army in the Ladha Subdivision of South Waziristan, resulted in the deaths of three soldiers and five wounded, the Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan claimed responsibility for the attack.[241]
* Tehreek-e Taliban Pakistan (TTP), claimed responsibility for the attack on 27 July 2019, In which Pakistan army said that six of its soldiers were killed when extremists from across the Afghan border opened fire on a patrol in the tribal district of North Waziristan.[242]
* Militants of the Tehreek-e Taliban Pakistan claimed responsibility for an attack on 18 August 2019 in which least four people were killed and six were wounded in a roadside bomb blast that targeted a vehicle carrying members of a peace committee helping the Pakistani government in its efforts against the Taliban.[243]
* On 14 September 2019, Tehreek-e Taliban Pakistan, claimed responsibility for the attack an attack on army patrolling party which resulted in the death of one Pakistani soldier. The patrolling party was attacked in Spinwam Subdivision in North Waziristan.[244]
* Tehreek-e Taliban Pakistan, claimed responsibility for an IED blast in Quetta, on 15 November 2019 in which 3 Pakistani soldier were killed.
* Hizbul Ahrar, a splinter group from the TTP claimed responsibility for a bomb attack on 4 November 2019, that killed 4 Pakistani soldiers in North Waziristan.[245]
* In the year 2020, TTP claimed responsibility for 79 attacks that killed 100 and injured at least 206. 80 Pakistan soldiers were also killed in these attacks.[246]
* On 14 January 2021, TTP militants killed 4 Pakistan Soldiers in North Waziristan district.[23]
* On 12 February 2021, TTP Gunmen ambushed an Army Check Post in South Waziristan, the attack lead to deaths of 4 soldiers.[247]
* On 23 February 2021, four women aid workers were killed in North Waziristan. The attack was claimed by TTP.[248]
* On 8 March 2021, TTP militants killed a police officer in Rawalpindi.[249]
* On 21 April 2021, TTP claimed responsibility for a bomb explosion in the parking lot of the Serena Hotel in Quetta, killing four people and wounding 12 others. News Reports suggested that the target was the Chinese ambassador.[250][251]
* On 5 May 2021, Four Pakistani soldiers were killed in an attack while they were working on fencing the Pakistan-Afghan border in Zhob, Balochistan. The attack was claimed by TTP.[252]
* On 10 May 2021, 3 Pakistani soldiers were killed in an attack, claimed by TTP.[253]
* On 22 May 2021, a Pakistani soldier was killed while working on fencing the Pakistan-Afghan border. Responsibility of attack was claimed by TTP.[254]
* On 3 June 2021, TTP carried out an attack in Islamabad, in which two Islamabad Police cops were killed.[255]
* On 13 July, Pakistani soldiers conducted a rescue operation in Kurram district to retrieve five telecommunications workers who were abducted by the terrorist. The five telecommunications workers were successfully rescued. Two Pakistani soldiers and three members of Tehreek-i-Taliban were killed in the operation.[256]
* On 18 July 2021, TTP claimed responsibility for Twin attacks in which 3 Pakistan soldiers were killed and 4 were injured.
* Between 18 July and 30 July 2021, 24 Pakistan soldiers were killed in attacks claimed by TTP.
* On 1 August 2021, 2 Pakistani soldiers were killed and 9 were wounded in attacks by TTP in South and North Waziristan.[257]
* On 8 August 2021, TTP carried out an attack on a military post in North Waziristan. 1 soldier were killed in that attack.[258]
* On 13 August 2021, 1 Pakistan soldier was killed in South Waziristan, attack was claimed by TTP.[259]
* On 18 August 2021, A Pakistan Army soldier was killed during an exchange of fire with terrorists at a checkpost in the South Waziristan district.[260]
* On 5 September 2021, 4 FC soldiers were killed in Quetta when a TTP suicide bomber struck their Check post.[261]
* On 6 February 2022, TTP claimed responsibility for an attack in which five Pakistani soldiers were killed in firing from Afghanistan.[262]
* On 23 February 2022, 4 policemen were killed in after grenade attack in Peshawar. TTP claimed responsibility for this attack.[263]
* On 23 March 2022, 4 Pakistani soldiers were killed by TTP militants in North Waziristan.[264]

## Motives, goals, and Ideology

## Public opinion

### Pakistan

According to a Pew Global Attitudes survey conducted in Pakistan in 2009, 85% of Pashtuns viewed the Pakistani Taliban as a serious threat to the country, compared to 80% of Muhajirs, 77% of Sindhis, and 71% of Punjabis.[265] The survey highlighted that concerns about the Pakistani Taliban were more widespread than concerns about al-Qaeda. While 73% of respondents said the Pakistani Taliban posed a threat, only 61% thought al-Qaeda.[265]

Regionally, people in Sindh and NWFP (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) were the most concerned, with 85% in each province identifying the Pakistani Taliban as a major threat. Al-Qaeda was seen as more threatening in Sindh (71%) than in NWFP (63%) or Punjab (59%).[265]

#### Ex-FATA

According to the 2011–12 Understanding FATA survey, 64.3% of respondents in the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) held an unfavourable view of the Pakistani Taliban, while 15% viewed them favourably and 14.3% said they did not know.[266]

When asked how they would describe the Pakistani Taliban, the largest group (27.4%) characterised them as terrorists, followed by 24.2% who described them as “uneducated youth.” Additionally, 18.2% believed the Pakistani Taliban were foreign fighters, 5.4% saw them as defenders of Islam, and 4.5% as defenders of tribal traditions. Only 1.4% called them freedom fighters, while 4.2% expressed no opinion, and 0.4% gave other responses.[266]

## Involvement in the Syrian Civil War

Logo of Umar Media

In July of 2013, the TTP's media wing, the Umar Media, had claimed to have set up training camps and to have sent hundreds of fighters to Syria to fight alongside the Syrian rebel groups and Islamist-Jihadist groups opposed to Bashar al-Assad such as the Al-Nusra Front, Ahrar al-Sham and Ansar al-Tawhid in an effort to strengthen ties with Al Qaeda against the government of Pakistan in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Insurgency. These Reports were later verified and confirmed independently.[267][268][269][270][271][272]

### Post-Assad

After the 2024 Syrian opposition offensives and the fall of the Assad regime, many videos and pictures circulated online from Syria of Rebel/Jihadist fighters speaking Pashto congratulating the Syrian rebels in person. They were seen referring to the offensives as “jihad against the Rafidhis” and saying things such as “I will kill every Shia I find”. They also referred to Bashar al-Assad's regime as “Rafidhi” and “apostate". It is believed that these individuals are Afghans and Pakistanis who are part of the TTP and had been fighting against Assad and Iran-backed militias in Syria from as far back as 2013.[273]

## See also

* List of Deobandi organisations
* Tajikistani Taliban
* Ansar ul-Mujahideen
* Fedayeen al-Islam
* Haqqani network
* Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Belligerents in the Syrian civil war
* List of Militants fatality reports in Pakistan
* Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism
* Pashtunistan
* Targeted killing
* Terrorism in Pakistan

## Notes

1. ↑ Until 2020, when it re-merged into the TTP.[8]
2. ↑ Collaboration with the TTP in 2007.
3. ↑ Collaboration with the TTP in 2015.
4. ↑ Pashto: تحریکِ طالبان پاکستان, lit. 'Taliban Movement of Pakistan'; also transliterated as Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan.
5. ↑ Means "the Khariji trial". The term Kharijites is often used by modern mainstream Muslims to describe Islamist extremist groups that have been compared to the Kharijites for their radical ideology and militancy. The Arabic word fitna means "trial", "conflict", "calamity" or "torment".

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Abbas, Hassan (January 2008). "A Profile of Tehrik-I-Taliban Pakistan". CTC Sentinel (West Point, NY: Combating Terrorism Center) 1 (2): 1–4. http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/17868/profile_of_tehrikitaliban_pakistan.html. Retrieved 8 November 2008.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Hakeemullah announced new leader – doubts linger". Dawn News. 23 August 2009. http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/03-doubts-remain-as-hakeemullah-annnounced-new-leader-ss-07.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Khan, Hasbanullah (23 August 2009). "Hakeemullah appointed Baitullah's 'successor'". Daily Times. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\08\23\story_23-8-2009_pg1_5.
4. ↑ "Isis ascent in Syria and Iraq weakening Pakistani Taliban". The Guardian. London. 23 October 2014. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/22/pakistani-taliban-spokesman-isis-pledge.
5. ↑ Hussain, Abid. "Taliban blame Pakistan after explosions in Kabul, amid outreach to India" (in en). https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/10/10/explosions-hit-kabul-as-taliban-make-diplomatic-push-to-india.
6. ↑ "Afghan Taliban reject TTP claim of being a 'branch of IEA'". Dawn. 11 December 2021. https://www.dawn.com/news/1663185/afghan-taliban-reject-ttp-claim-of-being-a-branch-of-iea. ""They are not, as an organisation, part of IEA and we don’t share the same objectives... The IEA stance is that we do not interfere in other countries’ affairs. We do not interfere in Pakistan’s affairs.""
7. ↑ Atyani, Baker; Mehsud, Rehmat (10 December 2021). "Afghan Taliban deny TTP part of movement, call on group to seek peace with Pakistan". Arab News. https://www.arabnews.pk/node/1984501/pakistan.
8. ↑ Chadwick, Paul (29 April 2018). "Three months on, the tabloid Guardian is still evolving" (in en). The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/29/guardian-redesign-tabloid-readers-response-paul-chadwick.
9. ↑ Kumar, Bhaswar (2024-03-20). "From friend to foe: How Hafiz Gul Bahadur brought Pak, Afghanistan to blows". https://www.business-standard.com/external-affairs-defence-security/news/from-friend-to-foe-how-hafiz-gul-bahadur-brought-pak-afghanistan-to-blows-124032000391_1.html.
10. ↑ Khattak, Daud (2024-07-25). "New Extremist Groups -- At Least In Name -- Enter Pakistan's Militant Scene" (in en). Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. https://www.rferl.org/a/pakistan-ttp-militants-taliban-afghanistan/33050488.html.
11. ↑ "Merging Shadows: The Quiet Shift In Karachi's Militant Landscape" (in en). 2024-09-17. https://thefridaytimes.com/17-Sep-2024/merging-shadows-the-quiet-shift-in-karachi-s-militant-landscape.
12. ↑ "Pakistan Faces Deadly Surge In Terrorism" (in en). 2024-10-02. https://thefridaytimes.com/02-Oct-2024/overview-of-pakistan-s-security-landscape-in-q3-2024.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Tehrik-i-Taliban Swat/Bajaur/Mohmand". DOPEL. http://www.dopel.org/Tehrik-i-Taliban SwatBajaurMohmand.htm.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 Maley, William (2001). Fundamentalism Reborn? Afghanistan and the Taliban. C Hurst & Co. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-85065-360-8.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 "Taliban - Oxford Islamic Studies Online". http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/print/opr/t236/e0895.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Understanding taliban through the prism of Pashtunwali code". CF2R. 30 November 2013. http://www.cf2r.org/fr/tribune-libre/understanding-taliban-through-the-prism-of-pashtunwali-code.php.
17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Did you know that there are two different Taliban groups?". 1 April 2013. http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/347009.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Puri, Luv (3 November 2009). "The Past and Future of Deobandi Islam". https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-past-and-future-of-deobandi-islam/.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "MMP: Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan" (in en). cisac.fsi.stanford.edu. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/tehrik-i-taliban-pakistan.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 Shane, Scott (22 October 2009). "Insurgents Share a Name, but Pursue Different Goals". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/23/world/asia/23taliban.html.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 Siddiqa, Ayesha (2011). "Pakistan's Counterterrorism Strategy: Separating Friends from Enemies". The Washington Quarterly 34 (1): 149–162. doi:10.1080/0163660X.2011.538362. ISSN 0163-660X. http://www.twq.com/11winter/docs/11winter_Siddiqa.pdf. Retrieved 8 February 2011.
22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Elias, Barbara (2 November 2009). "Know Thine Enemy". Foreign Affairs. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/65639/barbara-elias/know-thine-enemy?page=show. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 "4 Pakistani soldiers killed in separate clashes". Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/4-pakistani-soldiers-killed-in-separate-clashes/2110282.
24. ↑ Multiple Sources:
* "Kabul Taliban: Spies, militants and a mysterious assassination". BBC News. 7 February 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51356940. "The group, which has been severely weakened in recent years, is now based in the east of Afghanistan, in areas out of the control of the country's government."
* "The Rise Of The New Pakistani Taliban" (in en). RFE/RL. 18 May 2021. https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/the-rise-of-the-new-pakistani-taliban/31261608.html.
* "TTP has foothold in Afghanistan, says Abdullah". Dawn News. 17 November 2017. https://www.dawn.com/news/1371039.
* Zia ur Rehman (18 April 2019). "Pakistani Taliban: Between infighting, government crackdowns and Daesh". TRT World. https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/pakistani-taliban-between-infighting-government-crackdowns-and-daesh-25976.
* Franz J. Marty (9 April 2018). "Afghan-Pakistani Cross-Border Terrorism Cuts Both Ways". The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2018/04/afghan-pakistani-cross-border-terrorism-cuts-both-ways/.
* "Pak's TTP Maintains Ties With Taliban, Its 6,000 Terrorists Still In Afghanistan: UN Report". NDTV.com. 27 July 2021. https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/paks-ttp-maintains-ties-with-taliban-as-its-6-000-terrorists-still-in-afghanistan-un-report-2495924.
* Ayaz, Gul (1 February 2024). "UN: Al-Qaida, Afghan Taliban Assist TTP With Attacks in Pakistan". VOA. https://www.voanews.com/a/un-al-qaida-afghan-taliban-assist-ttp-with-attacks-in-pakistan-/7466250.html.
25. ↑ "Deobandi Islam: The Religion of the Taliban". U.S. Navy Chaplain Corps, 15 October 2001.
26. ↑ Bennett-Jones, Owen (25 April 2014). "Pakistan army eyes Taliban talks with unease". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27133865.
27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Lead Inspector General for Operation Freedom's Sentinel I Quarterly Report to the United States Congress I January 1, 2019 – March 31, 2019". Department of Defense Office of Inspector General (DoDIG). https://www.dodig.mil/Reports/Lead-Inspector-General-Reports/Article/1853337/lead-inspector-general-for-operation-freedoms-sentinel-i-quarterly-report-to-th/.
28. ↑ "The Pakistani Taliban is Back". The Diplomat. 9 March 2021. https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/the-pakistani-taliban-is-back/.
29. ↑ "S/2024/556". https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=S/2024/556&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False.
30. ↑ ul Haq, Riaz (2022-12-28). "Number of TTP militants in the region between 7,000 and 10,000: Sanaullah" (in en). https://www.dawn.com/news/1728700.
31. ↑ Lateef, Samaan (2023-11-25). "Pakistani Taliban threatens to attack China's Belt and Road route unless 'tax' paid" (in en-GB). The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2023/11/25/pakistan-taliban-demands-tax-china-extortion-belt-road/.
32. ↑ Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos de la Nación. "RePET" (in es). https://repet.jus.gob.ar/#entidades.
33. ↑ "Bahrain Terrorist List (individuals – entities)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain. https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=12342&language=en-US.
34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Macleod, Ian (5 July 2011). "Canada bans Pakistani Taliban as a terror group". Vancouver Sun (Canada: Postmedia Network Inc.). https://vancouversun.com/news/canada-in-afghanistan/Canada+bans+Pakistani+Taliban+terror+group/5054370/story.html.
35. ↑ 78 Organizations Proscribed by Ministry of Interior National counterterrorism authority, Government of Pakistan. 7 November 2021.
36. ↑ National Police Agency (Japan) (29 October 2021). "国際テロリスト財産凍結法第４条及び第６条に基づき指定等を行った国際テロリスト" (in Japanese). https://www.npa.go.jp/bureau/security/terrorism/031029/031029.pdf. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
37. ↑ "Lists associated with Resolutions 1267/1989/2253 and 1988". New Zealand Police. 24 February 2020. https://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolutions-1267-1989-2253-1988.
38. ↑ (in ar)Emirates News Agency (WAM). 15 November 2014. http://www.wam.ae/ar/news/emirates-arab-international/1395272465559.html.
39. ↑ "UAE publishes list of terrorist organisations". Gulf News. 15 November 2014. http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/government/uae-publishes-list-of-terrorist-organisations-1.1412895.
40. ↑ "UAE cabinet endorses new list of terrorist groups". Kuwait News Agency. 15 November 2014. https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2408700&Language=en.
41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Britain Moves to Ban Pakistani Taliban". VOA News (Voice of America). 18 January 2011. https://www.voanews.com/a/britain-moves-to-ban-pakistani-taliban--114127334/166907.html.
42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Designations of Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan and Two Senior Leaders". US State Department. 1 September 2010. https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2010/09/146545.htm.
43. ↑ "Narrative Summaries of Reasons for Listing | United Nations Security Council". https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list/summaries.
44. ↑ "Letter dated 15 July 2021 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee pursuant to resolutions 1267 (1999), 1989 (2011) and 2253 (2015) concerning Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Da'esh), Al-Qaida and associated individuals, groups, undertakings and entities addressed to the President of the Security Council". securitycouncilreport. https://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/{65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9}/S_2021_655_E.pdf. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
45. ↑ "TEHRIK-E TALIBAN PAKISTAN (TTP)". https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list/summaries/entity/tehrik-e-taliban-pakistan-(ttp).
46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 46.2 Hashim, Asad (10 December 2021). "Pakistani Taliban ends ceasefire, future of peace talks uncertain" (in en). https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/12/10/pakistan-taliban-ceasefire-peace-talks-ttp. "The TTP and Afghan Taliban are allied, although maintain separate operation and command structures."
47. ↑ 47.0 47.1 "Militants ambush Pakistani troops in northwest, killing 7" (in en). 15 April 2022. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/militants-ambush-pakistani-troops-northwest-killing-84106021. "Though separate, the Afghan Taliban and the TTP are close allies and Pakistani Taliban leaders and fighters have over the years sought sanctuary across the border in Afghanistan."
48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 48.3 48.4 48.5 48.6 48.7 Carlotta Gall; Ismail Khan; Pir Zubair Shah; Taimoor Shah (26 March 2009). "Pakistani and Afghan Taliban Unify in Face of U.S. Influx". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/27/world/asia/27taliban.html.
49. ↑ Firdous, Afeera (2025-01-10). "Why is Parachinar Stuck in an Endless Loop of Violence?" (in en). https://southasianvoices.org/sec-f-pk-r-parachinar-endless-violence-01-10-2025/.
50. ↑ Yusufzai, Rahimullah (22 September 2008). "A Who's Who of the Insurgency in Pakistan's North-West Frontier Province: Part One – North and South Waziristan". Terrorism Monitor 6 (18). http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews[tt_news]=5169&tx_ttnews[backPid]=167&no_cache=1. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 "Country Reports on Terrorisms 2016 – Foreign Terrorist Organizations Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan TTP". Refworld. United States Department of State. July 2017. https://www.refworld.org/docid/5981e3bd26.html.
52. ↑ "Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan's Discursive Shift From Global Jihadist Rhetoric to Pashtun-Centric Narratives" (in en-US). https://jamestown.org/program/tehreek-e-taliban-pakistans-discursive-shift-from-global-jihadist-rhetoric-to-pashtun-centric-narratives/.
53. ↑ "From Jihad to Jirga: How the TTP Is Rebranding Itself as Defender of the Pashtun Nation" (in en-US). https://thediplomat.com/2025/08/from-jihad-to-jirga-how-the-ttp-is-rebranding-itself-as-defender-of-the-pashtun-nation/.
54. ↑ "Shi'a and Hazaras in Pakistan" (in en). Minority Rights Group. 2023-10-16. https://minorityrights.org/communities/shia-and-hazaras/.
55. ↑ "A Look at Islamic State's Operations in Afghanistan". Voice of America. 29 April 2017. https://www.voanews.com/extremism-watch/look-islamic-states-operations-afghanistan.
56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 Bajoria, Jayshree; Greg Bruno (6 May 2010). "Shared Goals for Pakistan's Militants". Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.cfr.org/publication/22064/shared_goals_for_pakistans_militants.html.
57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 Mazzetti, Mark (6 May 2010). "Evidence Mounts for Taliban Role in Car Bomb Plot". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/06/nyregion/06bomb.html.
58. ↑ "The Pakistani Taliban Is Back". The Diplomat. 9 March 2021. https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/the-pakistani-taliban-is-back/.
59. ↑ "Islamabad bids to quell rise in Pakistani Taliban attacks" (in en). 15 November 2021. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211115-islamabad-bids-to-quell-rise-in-pakistani-taliban-attacks.
60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Jacinto, Leela (9 February 2022). "Pakistan's 'good Taliban-bad Taliban' strategy backfires, posing regional risks" (in en). https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20220209-pakistan-s-good-taliban-bad-taliban-strategy-backfires-posing-regional-risks.
61. ↑ Shah, Saeed (28 April 2022). "Pakistani Militants Test Taliban Promise Not to Host Terror Groups". https://www.wsj.com/articles/pakistani-militants-test-taliban-promise-not-to-host-terror-groups-11651150686.
62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 "Death Toll From Pakistani Airstrike Rises to 45, Afghan Officials Say". The New York Times. 17 April 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/17/world/asia/afghanistan-airstrikes-pakistan.html. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 Khan, Omer Farooq (11 December 2021). "TTP chief asks his fighters to resume attacks" (in en). https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/ttp-chief-asks-his-fighters-to-resume-attacks/articleshow/88214601.cms.
64. ↑ Najafizada, Eltaf; Dilawar, Ismail (19 April 2022). "Rare Pakistan Airstrikes on Taliban Show Tension After U.S. Exit" (in en). https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-04-19/rare-pakistan-airstrikes-on-taliban-show-tension-after-u-s-exit.
65. ↑ Ahmed, Moazzam (2025-05-20). "The Politics of Labeling Terror Groups" (in en). https://southasianvoices.org/sec-m-pk-n-ttp-khawarij-5-20-2025/.
66. ↑ Khan, Iftikhar A. (2024-08-01). "Govt proscribes Gul Bahadur group, Majeed Brigade" (in en). https://www.dawn.com/news/1849349.
67. ↑ "Pakistan labels TTP as Fitna al-Khawarij to expose its true ideology" (in en). 2024-08-01. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2484659/pakistan-labels-ttp-as-fitna-al-khawarij-to-expose-its-true-ideology.
68. ↑ Khan, Sanaullah (2025-07-31). "Govt acting on comprehensive and effective strategy to completely eliminate terrorist outfits: PM Shehbaz" (in en). https://www.dawn.com/news/1927838.
69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Bajoria, Jayshree (6 February 2008). "Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists". Council on Foreign Relations. http://www.cfr.org/publication/15422/pakistans_new_generation_of_terrorists.html?breadcrumb=/bios/13611/jayshree_bajoria?groupby=1&hide;=1&id;=13611&filter;=456.
70. ↑ 70.0 70.1 Abbas, Zaffar (10 September 2004). "Pakistan's undeclared war". BBC. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3645114.stm. "The latest military offensive in which air force bombers and gunship helicopters pounded an alleged training camp of suspected al-Qaeda militants, has resulted in heavy casualties. And it has taken the conflict to an area [South Waziristan] that until now had remained relatively peaceful. ... The military offensive had been part of the overall war against al-Qaeda. ... Since the start of operation, the [Pakistani] military authorities have firmly established that a large number of Uzbek, Chechen and Arab militants were in the area. ... It was in July 2002 that Pakistani troops, for the first time in 55 years, entered the Tirah Valley in Khyber tribal agency. Soon they were in Shawal valley of North Waziristan, and later in South Waziristan. ... This was made possible after long negotiations with various tribes, who reluctantly agreed to allow the military's presence on the assurance that it would bring in funds and development work. But once the military action started in South Waziristan a number of Waziri sub-tribes took it as an attempt to subjugate them. Attempts to persuade them into handing over the foreign militants failed, and with an apparently mishandling by the authorities, the security campaign against suspected al-Qaeda militants turned into an undeclared war between the Pakistani military and the rebel tribesmen."
71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 71.3 71.4 71.5 71.6 71.7 Fair, C. Christine (January 2011). "The Militant Challenge in Pakistan". Asia Policy 11 (1): 105–37. doi:10.1353/asp.2011.0010. http://www.nbr.org/publications/asia_policy/AP11/AP11_F_MilitantPakistan.pdf. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
72. ↑ Shahzad, Syed Saleem (26 August 2008). "Setback for Pakistan's terror drive". Asia Times. http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/JH27Df01.html.
73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 Khan, Haji Mujtaba (23 February 2009). "Taliban rename their group". The Nation. https://www.nation.com.pk/23-Feb-2009/taliban-rename-their-group.
74. ↑ "Three Taliban factions form Shura Ittehad-ul-Mujahiden". The News. 23 February 2009. http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=69346.
75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 Roggio, Bill (16 August 2009). "South Waziristan Taliban Groups Clash". The Long War Journal. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2009/08/south_waziristan_tal.php.
76. ↑ Roggio, Bill (3 May 2010). "Hakeemullah Mehsud breaks his silence, threatens US". Long War Journal. http://www.longwarjournal.org/videos/2010/05/hakeemullah_mehsud_breaks_his.php.
77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 77.2 "Pakistan Taliban say they carried out CIA attack". NBC News. Associated Press. 1 January 2010. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna34654487.
78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 Georgy, Michael (11 January 2010). "ANALYSIS – CIA bomber video publicity coup for Pakistan Taliban". Reuters (Thomson Reuters). http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-45310520100111?pageNumber=1.
79. ↑ Berger, Joseph (2 May 2010). "Pakistani Taliban Behind Times Sq. Plot, Holder Says". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/10/us/politics/10holder.html.
80. ↑ Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan threaten Myanmar over Rohingya , The Express Tribune
81. ↑ "Pak Taliban threaten to attack Myanmar over Rohingya Muslims". 26 July 2012. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/pak-taliban-threaten-to-attack-myanmar-over-rohingya-muslims/979769/.
82. ↑ Toosi, Nahal; Ishtiaq Mahsud (7 August 2009). "Pakistani Taliban head's death a blow to militant". Associated Press via Yahoo! News. https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090807/ap_on_re_as/as_pakistan;_ylt=AuOgjAXTAdbFaBSJ0GNeaCr34494;_ylu=X3oDMTJlc21wNG83BGFzc2V0A2FwLzIwMDkwODA3L2FzX3Bha2lzdGFuBGNwb3MDMwRwb3MDMwRzZWMDeW5fdG9wX3N0b3JpZXMEc2xrA3Bha2lzdGFuaXRhbA--.
83. ↑ "Fighting erupts between Taliban rivals". Financial Times. 8 August 2009. https://www.ft.com/content/7dd1aa9c-8423-11de-aa5d-00144feabdc0. "Pakistani news channels were carrying unconfirmed reports that Hakimullah Mehsud, one of the movement's most powerful commanders, had been killed at a shura, or council meeting, held to decide who would succeed slain leader Baitullah Mehsud. "The infighting was between Wali-ur-Rehman and Hakimullah Mehsud," Interior Minister Rehman Malik told Reuters. "We have information that one of them has been killed. Who was killed we will be able to say later after confirming.""
84. ↑ Khan, Ismail (18 August 2008). "Pakistan Captures Top Taliban Aide". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/19/world/asia/19pstan.html.
85. ↑ "Pakistan Taliban spokesman named". BBC News. 19 August 2009. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8208750.stm.
86. ↑ "Maulvi Faqeer acting Tehrik-i-Taliban chief: report". Dawn. 19 August 2009. http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-maulvi-faqeer-is-acting-tehrik-i-taliban-chief-qs-11.
87. ↑ "Faqir claims TTP leadership, Muslim Khan replaces Omer". Daily Times. 20 August 2009. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\08\20\story_20-8-2009_pg7_4.
88. ↑ "Rifts as Pakistani Taliban deputy claims leadership". Dawn News. 20 August 2009. http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-rifts-as-pakistani-taliban-deputy-claims-leadership-qs-10.
89. ↑ 89.0 89.1 89.2 Savage, Charlie (1 September 2010). "U.S. Adds Legal Pressure on Pakistani Taliban". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/02/world/asia/02talib.html.
90. ↑ Pakistani jihadists form Ahrar-ul-Hind, vow to continue attacks – Long War Journal, 11 February 2014
91. ↑ "Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan splits with major faction walking out". pakistannews.net. 28 May 2014. http://www.pakistannews.net/index.php/sid/222402443/scat/8c3d7d78943a99c7/ht/Tehrik-i-Taliban-Pakistan-splits-with-major-faction-walking-out.
92. ↑ "New Taliban group vows attacks in Pakistan". http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2014/08/28/national/new-taliban-group-vows-attacks-in-pakistan/.
93. ↑ Mehsud faction rejoins the Movement of the Taliban in Pakistan – Long War Journal, 4 February 2017
94. ↑ "Hard-Line Splinter Group, Galvanized by ISIS, Emerges From Pakistani Taliban". The New York Times. 26 August 2014. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/27/world/asia/hard-line-splinter-group-galvanized-by-isis-emerges-from-pakistani-taliban.html?_r=0.
95. ↑ "Pakistan Taliban splits 'over war with Islamabad'". The Telegraph. 5 September 2014. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/11077342/Pakistan-Taliban-splits-over-war-with-Islamabad.html.
96. ↑ "Pakistani splinter group rejoins Taliban amid fears of isolation". Reuters. 12 March 2015. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-militants-alliance-idUSKBN0M81WF20150312.
97. ↑ "Deadly Taliban group gives up armed struggle in Pakistan". The Telegraph. 14 September 2014. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/11095213/Deadly-Taliban-group-gives-up-armed-struggle-in-Pakistan.html.
98. ↑ "Pakistan Taliban sack spokesman Shahidullah Shahid for IS vow". BBC News. 21 October 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29640242.
99. ↑ "Sources: Pakistani Taliban leader is dead". CNN. 9 February 2010. http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/02/09/pakistan.meshud.dead/.
100. ↑ "Maulana Toofan new acting TTP chief?". The News International (Jang Multimedia). 10 February 2010. http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=27020.
101. ↑ "Pakistan Taliban leader "isolated," facing splits: report". Reuters (Thomson Reuters). 5 July 2011. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-taliban-idUSTRE76419E20110705.
102. ↑ Khan, Zia (19 December 2011). "Twilight of the Taliban: TTP buckles under internal fissures, external pressure". The Express Tribune (The Express Tribune News Network). http://tribune.com.pk/story/308623/twilight-of-the-taliban-ttp-buckles-under-internal-fissures-external-pressure/.
103. ↑ Zahra-Malik, Mehreen (2012-12-06). "Exclusive: Emerging Pakistan Taliban chief to focus on Afghan war". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-taliban-idUSBRE8B50G920121206.
104. ↑ Mehsud, Saud (2012-12-28). "Pakistan Taliban chief says group will negotiate, but not disarm". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-taliban-idUSBRE8BR06F20121228.
105. ↑ "TTP confirms Waliur Rehman's death; suspends talks". Dawn. 30 May 2013. http://beta.dawn.com/news/1014906/ttp-confirms-waliur-rehmans-death-suspends-talks.
106. ↑ "Pakistani Taliban confirm leader killed by drone". Boston Herald. 2 November 2013. http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/international/asia/2013/11/pakistani_taliban_confirm_leader_killed_by_drone.
107. ↑ 107.0 107.1 "4 key terrorists wanted by Pakistan killed since mysterious escape of Taliban leader". 14 February 2020. https://theprint.in/world/4-key-terrorists-wanted-by-pakistan-killed-since-mysterious-escape-of-taliban-leader/365567/.
108. ↑ "Sheharyar Mehsud, Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) commander killed in Kunar, Afghanistan". Trac. 13 February 2020. https://www.trackingterrorism.org/chatter/sheharyar-mehsud-tehreek-i-taliban-pakistan-ttp-commander-killed-kunar-afghanistan-13-februa.
109. ↑ "Key Pakistani Taliban leader killed in Afghanistan". https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/key-pakistani-taliban-leader-killed-in-afghanistan/1727178.
110. ↑ Joscelyn, Thomas (17 August 2020). "Pakistani Taliban splinter factions officially rejoin group". https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2020/08/pakistani-taliban-splinter-factions-officially-rejoin-group.php.
111. ↑ Khan, Naimat (23 June 2018). "Fazlullah is dead, confirms TTP; Noor Wali Mehsud appointed new chief". arabnews.com. https://www.arabnews.com/node/1326706/world.
112. ↑ Latif, Aamir (10 June 2019). "What's brewing in northwest Pakistan?". aa.com.tr. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/whats-brewing-in-northwest-pakistan/1500402.
113. ↑ "Three terrorists killed in North Waziristan". thenews.com.pk. Associated Press of Pakistan. 18 February 2021. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/791611-three-terrorists-killed-in-north-waziristan.
114. ↑ "Pakistan Taliban confirm ex-spokesman's death in Afghanistan". 13 Jan 2022. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/pakistan-taliban-confirm-spokesmans-death-afghanistan-82240923.
115. ↑ "Pakistani Taliban release Faisal Shahzad's martyrdom tape [video"]. The Christian Science Monitor (CSMonitor.com). 15 July 2010. https://www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2010/0715/Pakistani-Taliban-release-Faisal-Shahzad-s-martyrdom-tape-video. Retrieved 2012-12-11.
116. ↑ "cid attack karachi wasiyat". YouTube. 2011-11-12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gM-iLdIcbPc.
117. ↑ "Taliban vows to unleash jihad in Kashmir, implement Sharia". Rediff. 8 January 2013. http://www.rediff.com/news/report/taliban-vows-to-unleash-jihad-in-kashmir-implement-sharia/20130108.htm.
118. ↑ "Pakistani Taliban recruits via Facebook". The Express Tribune. 7 December 2012. http://tribune.com.pk/story/476533/pakistani-taliban-recruits-via-facebook/.
119. ↑ 119.0 119.1 "Facebook shuts down Taliban account: Report". The Express Tribune. 11 December 2012. http://tribune.com.pk/story/478205/facebook-shuts-down-taliban-account-report/.
120. ↑ 120.0 120.1 Mazetti, Marc; Eric Schmitt (26 March 2009). "Afghan Strikes by Taliban Get Pakistan Help, U.S. Aides Say". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/26/world/asia/26tribal.html?_r=1.
121. ↑ 121.0 121.1 Waldman, Matt (June 2010), "The Sun in the Sky: The Relationship between Pakistan's ISI and Afghan Insurgents", Crisis States Discussion Papers, London: Crisis States Research Centre, p. 3, http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/multimedia/20106138531279734lse-isi-taliban.pdf, "Separately, there are a wide range of Islamist militant groups, principally based in north-west Pakistan, a large number of which coalesced under the banner of Tehrik-e-Taleban-e- Pakistan, also known as the Pakistani Taliban (Franco 2009:269). Consequently, the Pakistani military has undertaken extensive operations against their strongholds in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.9 While there are undoubtedly links between the Pakistani and Afghan Taliban, they appear to be sufficiently distinct for the Pakistani military and ISI to treat them very differently."
122. ↑ 122.0 122.1 "When the Afghan and Pakistani Taliban Unite". Foreign Policy. 25 March 2014. https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/03/25/when-the-afghan-and-pakistani-taliban-unite/.
123. ↑ 123.0 123.1 123.2 123.3 "TTP says Osama welcome in Swat: Taliban reject peace accord". Daily Times (Lahore). 22 April 2009. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009\04\22\story_22-4-2009_pg1_1. "Muslim Khan counted the Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, the Jaish-e-Muhammad, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, Al Qaeda, and the Taliban of Afghanistan among his allies. "If we need, we can call them and if they need, they can call us," he said. He said his forces would go to help the Taliban in Afghanistan if the United States and NATO continue to fight there."
124. ↑ 124.0 124.1 "Border incursions: Suspicions grow about Afghan support for TTP". The Express Tribune. 11 September 2011. http://tribune.com.pk/story/249872/border-incursions-suspicions-grow-about-afghan-support-for-ttp/.
125. ↑ "Documents Detail Years of Pakistani Support for Taliban, Extremists". George Washington University. 2007. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB227/index.htm#17.
126. ↑ Marcela Grad. Massoud: An Intimate Portrait of the Legendary Afghan Leader (1 March 2009 ed.). Webster University Press. p. 310.
127. ↑ 127.0 127.1 127.2 U.S. attack on Taliban kills 23 in Pakistan , The New York Times, 9 September 2008
128. ↑ "TTP denies Fazlullah Killed in clash with Afghan Talibans:report". Dawn News. 10 October 2013. https://www.dawn.com/news/1048794.
129. ↑ Tahir Khan (25 June 2016). "14 dead in TTP-Afghan Taliban clash". The Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1129697/14-dead-ttp-afghan-taliban-clash/.
130. ↑ "Afghan Taliban internal differences deepen". Central Asia Online. 19 February 2014. http://centralasiaonline.com/en_GB/articles/caii/features/pakistan/main/2014/02/19/feature-01.
131. ↑ 131.0 131.1 Sridharan, Vasudevan (17 December 2014). "Afghanistan: Afghan Taliban condemned 'un-Islamic' Pakistan school carnage". International Business Times. http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/peshawar-massacre-afghan-taliban-condemn-un-islamic-pakistan-school-carnage-1479853.
132. ↑ Tahir, Khan (8 July 2011). "Cross-border cooperation: Ties that bind militants persist". The Express Tribune. http://tribune.com.pk/story/204989/cross-border-cooperation-ties-that-bind-militants-persist/.
133. ↑ Khan, Anwarullah; Abbot, Sebastian (7 July 2011). "Taliban commander back on the air in Pakistan". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/taliban-commander-back-on-the-air-in-pakistan/.
134. ↑ Khan, Tahir (26 June 2012). "TTP admits to having safe haven in Afghanistan". The Express Tribune. http://tribune.com.pk/story/399205/ttp-admits-to-having-safe-haven-in-afghanistan/.
135. ↑ "Afghanistan, Pakistan clash over border violence". Dawn. AFP. 2 July 2012. http://dawn.com/2012/07/02/afghanistan-says-would-notify-unsc-on-pakistan-attacks/.
136. ↑ "Pakistan offensive: troops meet heavy Taliban resistance". The Daily Telegraph (London). 17 October 2009. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/6356367/Pakistan-offensive-troops-meet-heavy-Taliban-resistance.html.
137. ↑ 137.0 137.1 "Militants from Afghanistan attack Pakistani posts". Reuters (Reuters). 27 August 2011. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-violence-idUSTRE77Q0OK20110827.
138. ↑ "What happened when US forces left Afghan hotspot?". BBC. 12 March 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-15733325.
139. ↑ Joscelyn, Thomas (22 September 2011). "Admiral Mullen: Pakistani ISI sponsoring Haqqani attacks". The Long War Journal. http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2011/09/admiral_mullen_pakis.php.
140. ↑ Chris Allbritton (27 October 2011). "Pakistan strongly denied Thursday a BBC report that alleged the Pakistani military, along with its intelligence arm, supplied and protected the Afghan Taliban and al Qaeda". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-taliban-bbc-idUSTRE79Q7V420111027.
141. ↑ "Taliban Chiefs Admit Close Links to Pakistan Intelligence". International Business Times. 26 October 2011. http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/238197/20111026/pakistan-taliban-al-qaeda-haqqani-terrorist-training-camps-isi-us.htm.
142. ↑ Collyns, Sam (26 October 2011). "BBC News – Afghanistan: Pakistan accused of backing Taliban". BBC News. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-15445047.
143. ↑ Hennessey, Kathleen (10 August 2010). "N.Y. bomber has al Qaeda tie, White House says". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2010/05/09/MN3F1DBTEN.DTL.
144. ↑ Gall, Carlotta; Tavernise, Sabrina (6 May 2010). "Pakistani Taliban Are Said to Expand Alliances". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/07/world/asia/07pstan.html.
145. ↑ Callum Paton (15 August 2017). "ISIS 'OUTSOURCES' TERROR ATTACKS TO THE PAKISTANI TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN: U.N. REPORT". News Week. https://www.newsweek.com/down-its-luck-syria-and-iraq-isis-outsources-terror-attacks-pakistani-taliban-650926.
146. ↑ 146.0 146.1 Borhan Osman (27 July 2016). "The Islamic State in 'Khorasan': How it began and where it stands now in Nangarhar". Afghan Analyst Network. https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/the-islamic-state-in-khorasan-how-it-began-and-where-it-stands-now-in-nangarhar/.
147. ↑ "Search Results vengeful new militant group emerges in Pakistan hs | Latest news, Breaking news, Pakistan News, World news, business, sport and multimedia | DAWN.COM". http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/16-vengeful+new+militant+group+emerges+in+pakistan-hs-02.
148. ↑ Roul, Animesh (10 July 2010). "Little-Known Ghazi Brigade Now a Major Player in the Punjabi Jihad?". Terrorism Monitor VIII (28): 5–6. http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/TM_008_63.pdf. Retrieved 10 February 2011.
149. ↑ Syed Saleem Shahzad (8 August 2009). "Baitullah: Dead or alive, his battle rages". Asia Times. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/KH08Df04.html.
150. ↑ Anzalone, Christopher (28 January 2011). "Al Qaeda loses bridge to the West". Foreign Policy. The Slate Group. http://afpak.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/01/28/al_qaeda_loses_bridge_to_the_west.
151. ↑ 151.0 151.1 "Karachi airport: Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan claims attack". BBC. 11 June 2014. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-27790892.
152. ↑ Hassan, Abbas (April 2009). "Defining the Punjabi Taliban Network". CTC Sentinel 2 (4): 1–4. http://www.ctc.usma.edu/sentinel/CTCSentinel-Vol2Iss4.pdf. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
153. ↑ Majidyar, Ahmad K. (June 2010). "Could the Taliban Take Over Pakistan's Punjab Province?". Middle Eastern Outlook. http://www.aei.org/outlook/100967. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
154. ↑ "Pakistani Taliban claims Lahore attack". The Hindu (India). 29 May 2009. "An unknown group called Tehreek-e-Taliban Punjab was also reported to have claimed the attack in a message posted on Turkish jihadist websites. SITE Intelligence, an American group tracking jihad websites, reported the claim late on Wednesday."
155. ↑ "TTP 'expel' Punjabi Taliban leader for welcoming govt talks offer". Dawn. 24 August 2013. http://dawn.com/news/1038053/ttp-expel-punjabi-taliban-leader-for-welcoming-govt-talks-offer.
156. ↑ "Punjabi Taliban call off armed struggle in Pakistan". Dawn. 13 September 2014. http://www.dawn.com/news/1131738.
157. ↑ "Deadly Taliban group gives up armed struggle in Pakistan". The telegraph. 14 September 2014. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/11095213/Deadly-Taliban-group-gives-up-armed-struggle-in-Pakistan.html.
158. ↑ 158.0 158.1 Roggio, Bill (31 August 2009). "Pakistan's most-wanted: look at who isn't listed". The Long War Journal. Public Multimedia Inc.. http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/2009/08/pakistans_most_wanted_look_at.php.
159. ↑ Mir, Amir (1 September 2009). "The top ten most wanted Jehadis". The News International (Jang Multimedia). http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=196050. "He later shifted his base to the Waziristan region and joined hands with Baitullah Mehsud."
160. ↑ "Pakistan and the Taliban". The Economist. 7 August 2009. http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=14201152. "[Baitullah Mehsud] was also associated with Lashkar-e-Jhangvi."
161. ↑ "India sponsoring terrorism in Pakistan, alleges Rehman Malik". Hindustan Times. 23 September 2009. http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/india-sponsoring-terrorism-in-pakistan-alleges-rehman-malik/article1-457263.aspx.
162. ↑ "India helping terrorists in Pakistan: Pak Defence Minister". The Indian Express. 13 January 2015. http://indianexpress.com/article/world/neighbours/india-helping-terrorists-in-pakistan-pak-defence-minister/.
163. ↑ "MAPPING MILITANT ORGANIZATIONS, Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan". Stanford.edu. 13 December 2007. https://web.stanford.edu/group/mappingmilitants/cgi-bin/groups/view/105.
164. ↑ Akram, Munir (2015-01-04). "War in the shadows". Dawn. http://www.dawn.com/news/1154894.
165. ↑ Dana Priest. "Pakistani militants hiding in Afghanistan". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/pakistani-militants-hiding-in-afghanistan/2012/11/06/609cca82-2782-11e2-b4f2-8320a9f00869_story.html.
166. ↑ "TTP has foothold in Afghanistan, says Abdullah". Dawn News. https://www.dawn.com/news/1371039.
167. ↑ "Former Afghan intelligence head says Badaber attack is a 'tit for tat', terms TTP militants as 'martyrs'". Daily Pakistan. https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/world/former-afghan-intelligence-head-says-badaber-attack-is-a-tit-for-tat/.
168. ↑ Matthew Rosenberg. "U.S. Disrupts Afghans' Tack on Militants". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/29/world/asia/us-disrupts-afghans-tack-on-militants.html.
169. ↑ Ernesto Londoño and Kevin Sieff. "Afghan officials accuse U.S. of snatching Pakistani Taliban leader from their custody". The Washington Times. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/afghan-officials-accuse-us-of-snatching-pakistani-taliban-leader-from-their-custody/2013/10/10/df93bdf6-31e9-11e3-89ae-16e186e117d8_story.html?noredirect=on.
170. ↑ "Foreign intelligence services bankrolling terror: Report". The Express Tribune. 2012-09-02. http://tribune.com.pk/story/430027/foreign-intelligence-services-bankrolling-terror-report/.
171. ↑ Johnson, Kay (2014-12-07). "U.S. hands Pakistan senior militant detained in Afghanistan". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-afghanistan-militants-idUSKBN0JL0G220141207.
172. ↑ 172.0 172.1 "VIDEO: Key TTP terrorist confessed to Indian, Afghan backing". Geo News. 2016-12-16. https://www.geo.tv/latest/123951-VIDEO-Key-TTP-terrorist-confessed-Indian-Afghan-backing/.
173. ↑ Peltier, Elian; ur-Rehman, Zia (2025-10-06). "Pakistan Fights Its Fiercest Taliban Insurgency in a Decade". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/06/world/asia/pakistan-taliban.html.
174. ↑ 174.0 174.1 "India funds TTP in FATA, Balochistan: DG ISPR". Dunya Tv. 2015-02-12. http://dunyanews.tv/index.php/en/Pakistan/261083-India-funds-TTP-in-FATA-Balochistan-DG-ISPR.
175. ↑ "RAW funded Rs 20 million for attacks in Karachi: Sindh Home Ministry | Pakistan Today". https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2015/11/26/raw-funded-rs-20-million-for-attacks-in-karachi-sindh-home-ministry/.
176. ↑ Khan, Anwarullah (6 November 2008). "Bomber hits anti-militant tribal jirga; 16 dead". Dawn Media Group. http://www.dawn.com/2008/11/07/top1.htm.
177. ↑ 177.0 177.1 "Lahore 'was Pakistan Taleban op'". BBC News. 31 March 2009. https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7973540.stm.
178. ↑ Ali, Mohammad Faisal (31 March 2009). "Baitullah claims responsibility for Manawan attack". Dawn Media Group. http://www.dawn.com/news/453868/baitullah-claims-responsibility-for-manawan-attack.
179. ↑ "Pakistani Taliban chief Mehsud claims U.S. shooting". Reuters. 4 April 2009. http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-38880020090404.
180. ↑ Shinwari, Ibrahim (28 August 2009). "Taliban claim responsibility for Khyber suicide attack". Dawn News. http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/provinces/pre-iftar+suicide+blast+kills+22+border+guards.
181. ↑ Munir Ahmad; Ravi Nessman; Ishtiaq Mahsud; Hussain Afzal (6 October 2009). "Taliban claim responsibility for deadly UN blast". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091006/ap_on_re_as/as_pakistan.
182. ↑ Riaz Khan; Ishtiaq Mahsud; Babar Dogar (12 October 2009). "Pakistan says 41 killed in market bombing". Associated Press. Yahoo! News. https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20091012/ap_on_re_as/as_pakistan.
183. ↑ Hussain, Zahid; Rehmat Mehsud (15 October 2009). "Wave of Deadly Attacks in Pakistan". Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones & Company, Inc.). https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB125557894653686797?mod=WSJ_hps_MIDDLEThirdNews. "Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan has claimed responsibility for the Lahore attacks, according to a private TV news channel, GEO News."
184. ↑ "Taliban Video Claims Responsibility for The Times Square Attack May 2, 2010". 2 May 2010. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xvKIwNQvDsM.
185. ↑ "Fifty-six killed, over 100 injured in Mohmand attack". Dawn. 9 July 2010. http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/04-mohmand-blast-qs-02.
186. ↑ "Taliban claim Nato tanker attack". Al Jazeera. 4 October 2010. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2010/10/201010413141352242.html.
187. ↑ "Suicide bombers kill 40 in Mohmand Agency". Dawn. 5 December 2010. http://www.dawn.com/2010/12/06/eight-killed-in-mohmand-explosion.html.
188. ↑ "Taliban claims Pakistan blasts; 50 dead". UPI. 6 December 2010. http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2010/12/06/Two-blasts-kill-at-least-40-in-Pakistan/UPI-47441291637841/.
189. ↑ "Dozens killed in Pakistan blasts". Al Jazeera. 7 December 2010. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2010/12/2010126102747454135.html.
190. ↑ "Taliban kidnap 23 tribesmen near South Waziristan". Dawn.com (Dawn Media Group). 27 December 2010. http://www.dawn.com/2010/12/27/taliban-kidnap-23-tribesmen-near-south-waziristan.html.
191. ↑ "NATO lorries torched in Pakistan". Al Jazeera. 15 January 2011. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia/2011/01/201111517248680630.html.
192. ↑ "Senior police official among six killed in Peshawar blasts". Dawn.com (Dawn Media Group). 31 January 2011. http://www.dawn.com/2011/01/31/blast-in-peshawar.html.
193. ↑ "Pakistan attack: 'Schoolboy' suicide bomber hits Mardan". BBC News. 10 February 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12413469.
194. ↑ Khan, Haq Nawaz; Karin Brulliard (11 February 2011). "Teen suicide bomber kills army recruits in Pakistan". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/10/AR2011021000674.html. "Officials maintain that the 17-year-old bomber was the only person involved in the attack. But Umar Hassan Ihravi, a spokesman for the area's Pakistani Taliban chapter, claiming responsibility for the attack, told reporters in the area that the bombing was carried out by two militants. One, he said, served as a lookout and escaped after the attack. Ihravi did not say how old the bomber was."
195. ↑ "Body of Col Imam found near Mir Ali". Daily Times. 21 February 2011. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2011\02\21\story_21-2-2011_pg7_14.
196. ↑ Yusufzai, Rahimullah (23 February 2011). "The long wait for Col Imam's body". The News International. http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=4183&Cat=13&dt=23 February 2011.
197. ↑ "Former ISI Colonel Imam's body found". Dawn.com (Dawn Media). 20 February 2011. http://www.dawn.com/2011/02/20/former-isi-colonel-imam-body-found.html.
198. ↑ "At least 32 killed in Faisalabad blast; Taliban claim responsibility". Dawn.com (Dawn Media Group). 8 March 2011. http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/08/explosion-heard-in-faisalabad-reports.html.
199. ↑ Mian, Khursheed (8 March 2011). "Bomb kills 25 at Pakistan gas station, many hurt". Reuters (Thomson Reuters). https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-violence-idUSTRE72714220110308.
200. ↑ "Deadly attack at Pakistan funeral procession". BBC News (BBC). 9 March 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-12684954.
201. ↑ "Blast kills 36 in Peshawar; Taliban claim responsibility". Dawn.com (Dawn Media Group). 9 March 2011. http://www.dawn.com/2011/03/09/blast-reported-in-peshawar.html.
202. ↑ "DG Khan shrine bombing: Death toll reaches 50". The Express Tribune. 3 April 2011. http://tribune.com.pk/story/142210/militants-attack-shrine-in-dg-khan-3-dead/.
203. ↑ "41 killed in Pakistan shrine suicide attack". The Daily Telegraph (London). 3 April 2011. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/8424930/41-killed-in-Pakistan-shrine-suicide-attack.html.
204. ↑ 204.0 204.1 "Bomb hits Pakistan navy bus in Karachi; 5 dead". Associated Press. 28 April 2011. https://www.foxnews.com/world/bomb-hits-pakistan-navy-bus-in-karachi-5-dead.
205. ↑ "Twin blasts kill more than 80 in Charsadda". Dawn.com (Dawn Media Group). 13 May 2011. http://www.dawn.com/2011/05/13/twin-blasts-kill-at-least-three-in-charsadda-dawnnews.html.
206. ↑ "Pakistan: Troops end attack on Karachi naval air base". BBC News. 23 May 2011. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-south-asia-13495127.
207. ↑ "Suicide bomber kills 6 at Pakistan police building". AP. 25 May 2011. https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hiq2yiR9QpCxQIK5SBvvbYu8bgVg?do.
208. ↑ Ali, Lehaz (14 September 2011). "Bus attack kills four boys in Pakistan". The Sydney Morning Herald. Agence France-Presse. http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/bus-attack-kills-four-boys-in-pakistan-20110914-1k84a.html.
209. ↑ "TTP claims killing of peace body chief". The News International. 2 December 2011. http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=80477&Cat=7&dt=12/2/2011.
210. ↑ Dupee, Matt (2 December 2011). "Anti-Taliban tribal leader killed in northwest Pakistan". The Long War Journal (Public Multimedia Inc.). http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2011/12/anti-taliban_tribal.php.
211. ↑ Firdous, Iftikhar (5 January 2012). "TTP claims killing of 15 abducted FC troops". The Express Tribune. http://tribune.com.pk/story/316954/ttp-claims-killing-of-15-abducted-fc-troops/.
212. ↑ "Pakistan Taliban kill 15 kidnapped tribal police". BBC News. 5 January 2012. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-16421857.
213. ↑ "'Operation revenge': 15 abducted FC soldiers brutally tortured, slain – The Express Tribune". International Herald Tribune. http://tribune.com.pk/story/316954/ttp-claims-killing-of-15-abducted-fc-troops/.
214. ↑ "Taliban video shows execution of Pak soldiers". NDTV. http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/taliban-video-shows-execution-of-pak-soldiers-169483.
215. ↑ "Taliban video highlights revenge on Pakistan military". Reuters. 21 January 2012. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-military-video-idUSTRE80K0NT20120121.
216. ↑ Mehsud, Saud (25 March 2012). "Taliban faction claims French gunman trained in Pakistan". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-pakistan-militants-france-idUKBRE82O05120120325.
217. ↑ "Pakistani Taliban training Frenchmen: Officials". The Times of India. 25 March 2012. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Pakistani-Taliban-training-Frenchmen-Officials/articleshow/12403827.cms.
218. ↑ "Taliban bomber kills 13 'extremists' in Khyber region". The Express Tribune. 24 March 2012. http://tribune.com.pk/story/354349/taliban-bomber-kills-13-extremists-in-khyber-region/.
219. ↑ Mirza, Shaheryar (5 April 2012). "Police targeted: Taliban claim responsibility for Karachi suicide attack". The Express Tribune. AFP. http://tribune.com.pk/story/360034/two-dead-four-injured-in-karachi-blast/.
220. ↑ Shahzad, Asif (5 April 2012). "Pakistan: Suicide bomber targeting police kills 2". The Boston Globe. AP. https://www.boston.com/news/world/asia/articles/2012/04/05/suspected_suicide_bomber_kills_2_in_pakistan/.
221. ↑ "Bannu jailbreak: TTP had inside information, says commander". The Express Tribune. Reuters. 16 April 2012. http://tribune.com.pk/story/365541/bannu-jailbreak-ttp-had-inside-information-says-commander/.
222. ↑ "Security agencies blamed for Bannu jailbreak". dawn.com. 16 April 2012. http://dawn.com/2012/04/16/preliminary-report-blames-bannu-jailbreak-on-agencies/.
223. ↑ "Bajaur bomb attack kills 24; TTP claims responsibility". Dawn.com. 4 May 2012. http://dawn.com/2012/05/04/bajaur-bomb-attack-kills-seven/.
224. ↑ "Pakistan says militants cross over from Afghanistan, kill 13 troops including 7 beheaded". The Washington Post. Associated Press. 25 June 2012. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/pakistan-says-militants-cross-over-from-afghanistan-kill-6-troops/2012/06/25/gJQAfIRF1V_story.html.
225. ↑ "Cross-border attack: Six security men killed in Upper Dir ambush". The Express Tribune. 25 June 2012. http://tribune.com.pk/story/398836/cross-border-attack-six-security-men-killed-in-upper-dir-ambush/.
226. ↑ "Gunmen open fire on Pakistan television station". Google News. AFP. https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hwlsR4rmwXZZP-C3GX36_jO4KuNQ?do.
227. ↑ "Taliban attack television office in Karachi; two injured". dawn.com. Reuters. 25 June 2012. http://dawn.com/2012/06/26/taliban-attack-television-office-in-karachi-two-injured/.
228. ↑ "Pak: Militants threaten to attack govt installations". 11 July 2012. http://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/Pakistan/Pak-Militants-threaten-to-attack-govt-installations/Article1-886809.aspx.
229. ↑ "Army camp attack: Pamphlet vows more attacks if NATO supplies continue". The Express Tribune. 11 July 2012. http://tribune.com.pk/story/406573/army-camp-attack-pamphlet-vows-more-attacks-if-nato-supplies-continue/.
230. ↑ "Several killed in Pakistan airbase raid". Al Jazeera. Al Jazeera. 16 August 2012. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/asia/2012/08/2012815234651368597.html.
231. ↑ Masood, Salman (16 August 2012). "Pakistani Taliban Kill 22 Shiites in Bus Attack". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/17/world/asia/pakistani-taliban-kill-22-shiites-in-bus-attack.html?smid=pl-share.
232. ↑ Khan, Haq Nawaz; Leiby, Michele Langevine (9 October 2012). "Taliban says it shot 'infidel' Pakistani teen for advocating girls' rights". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/taliban-says-it-shot-infidel-pakistani-teen-for-advocating-girls-rights/2012/10/09/29715632-1214-11e2-9a39-1f5a7f6fe945_story.html.
233. ↑ NNI (9 October 2012). "TTP claims responsibility of attack on Malala". The Nation. https://www.nation.com.pk/09-Oct-2012/ttp-claims-responsibility-of-attack-on-malala.
234. ↑ "Taliban use Islamic Shariah to defend Masala Attack". dawn.com. 10 October 2012. http://dawn.com/2012/10/10/taliban-use-islamic-shariah-to-defend-malala-attack/.
235. ↑ Kearney, Seamus (16 December 2014). "Children targeted in Pakistan's deadliest militant attack in years; 132 students are killed". Euronews. http://www.euronews.com/2014/12/16/children-targeted-in-pakistan-s-deadliest-militant-attack-in-years-132-students/.
236. ↑ Popham, Peter (16 December 2014). "Peshawar school attack: 'I will never forget the black boots...It was like death approaching me'". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/peshawar-school-attack-i-will-never-forget-the-black-bootsit-was-like-death-approaching-me-9929563.html.
237. ↑ "Suicide bomber kills seven at PML-N MNAs office in DG Khan". The News International, Pakistan. 14 October 2015. http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-200651-Suicide-bomber-kills-seven-at-PML-N-MNAs-office-in-DG-Khan.
238. ↑ "Pakistan attacks: at least 30 dead in terror raid at Bacha Khan University | World news". The Guardian. 20 January 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/20/bacha-khan-university-explosions-heard-as-gunmen-attack-pakistan.
239. ↑ "Deadly blast rocks market in Pakistan's northwest". Dawn. 21 January 2017. http://www.dawn.com/news/1309800/blast-in-parachinar-vegetable-market-kill-20.
240. ↑ "Taliban gun down two FC men in Quetta – Daily Times" (in en-US). Daily Times. 2018-02-15. https://dailytimes.com.pk/202235/taliban-gun-two-fc-men-quetta/.
241. ↑ "Captain among 11 security personnel martyred in Swat suicide attack". The ExpressTribune. 3 February 2018. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1625671/1-least-one-killed-several-injured-swat-blast/?amp=1.
242. ↑ "Pakistani Military Says 10 Soldiers Killed in Attacks By Extremists". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 28 July 2019. https://www.rferl.org/a/pakistan-soldiers-killed-extremist-attacks-waziristan-balochistan/30079311.html.
243. ↑ "Bomb Blast Targets 'Peace Committee' In Northwestern Pakistan". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 18 August 2019. https://www.rferl.org/a/bomb-blast-northwestern-pakistan-taliban/30116019.html.
244. ↑ "Militants attack and kill 4 soldiers in Pakistan". India Today. 14 September 2019. https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/militant-attack-pakistan-soldiers-kill-dir-khyber-pakhtunkhwa-1599249-2019-09-14.
245. ↑ "Bomb Blasts Kill Four Soldiers in Northwestern Pakistan". Gandhara. https://www.gandhara.rferl.org/amp/30252756.html.
246. ↑ "Outlawed TTP continued to regroup in ex-Fata in 2020: report". Dawn News. 4 January 2021. https://www.dawn.com/news/1599504.
247. ↑ "Four Soldiers Martyred terrorist attack on South Waziristan Post". Dawn. https://www.dawn.com/news/1607082/four-soldiers-martyred-in-terrorist-attack-on-south-waziristan-post.
248. ↑ "4 Pak women aid workers killed in terror attack". Times Of India. 23 February 2021. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/4-pak-women-aid-workers-killed-in-terror-attack/articleshow/81159848.cms.
249. ↑ "SHO gunned down in Rawalpindi". The News. 8 March 2021. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/800902-sho-gunned-down-in-rawalpindi.
250. ↑ "Pakistan hotel bomb: Deadly blast hits luxury venue in Quetta". BBC News. 22 April 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56834937.
251. ↑ "4 killed, at least a dozen injured in blast at Quetta's Serena Hotel". DAWN. 21 April 2021. https://www.dawn.com/news/1619534.
252. ↑ "Four Pakistani soldiers killed in terrorist attack while fencing border with Afghanistan". The New Indian Ecpress. https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2021/May/05/four-pakistani-soldiers-killed-in-terrorist-attack-while-fencing-border-with-afghanistan-2298778.html.
253. ↑ "WorldView: 3 Pakistani soldiers killed in 2 ambushes; India medical group calls for COVID-19 lockdown". https://www.yahoo.com/amphtml/worldview-3-pakistani-soldiers-killed-142222305.html.
254. ↑ "Pakistani Soldier Killed In Cross-Border Attack By Afghan Militants". Gandhara RFE/RL. 23 May 2021. https://www.gandhara.rferl.org/amp/pakistan-afghanistan-soldier-killed-cross-border-attack/31269152.html.
255. ↑ "Pakistani Taliban kill 2 policemen overnight in Islamabad". AP News. 4 June 2021. https://apnews.com/article/islamabad-pakistan-shootings-police-cb46f896d0cde0432c7984d58fd9f0a1.
256. ↑ "Army rescues 15 laborers kidnapped by terrorists in northwest Pakistan". Anadolu Agency. 15 July 2021. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/army-rescues-15-laborers-kidnapped-by-terrorists-in-northwest-pakistan/2306028.
257. ↑ "2 Pakistan soldiers killed, 9 injured in terror attacks in Waziristan". Yahoo.com. 1 August 2021. https://in.news.yahoo.com/2-pakistan-soldiers-killed-9-032705409.html.
258. ↑ "Terrorists attack Pak army troops in North Waziristan, one soldier killed". ANI. 8 August 2021. https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/terrorists-attack-pak-army-troops-in-north-waziristan-one-soldier-killed20210808055735?amp=1.
259. ↑ "Soldier martyred, terrorist killed in South Waziristan operation: ISPR". Dawn.com. 13 August 2021. https://www.dawn.com/news/1640421/soldier-martyred-terrorist-killed-in-south-waziristan-operation-ispr.
260. ↑ "Soldier martyred in exchange of fire with terrorists at checkpost in South Waziristan: ISPR". DAWN. 18 August 2021. https://www.dawn.com/news/1641379.
261. ↑ "3 dead, 20 injured in suicide attack in Pakistan's Quetta, Imran Khan blames TTP". India Today. 5 September 2021. https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/pakistan-quetta-suicide-blast-dead-injured-ttp-1849406-2021-09-05.
262. ↑ "5 Pak soldiers killed in firing from Afghanistan; TTP claims responsibility for attack". 6 February 2022. https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/pakistani-soldiers-dead-firing-afghanistan-taliban-ttp-1909616-2022-02-06.
263. ↑ "Banned TTP claims responsibility of grenade attack on police check post in Peshawar". https://www.rtvonline.com/english/international/8093/Banned-TTP-claims-responsibility-of-grenade-attack-on-police-check-post-in-Peshawar.
264. ↑ "Four Soldiers Martyred In North Waziristan While Confronting Terrorists From Afghanistan: ISPR". The Friday Times. 25 March 2022. https://www.thefridaytimes.com/2022/03/25/four-soldiers-martyred-in-north-waziristan-while-confronting-terrorists-from-afghanistan-ispr/.
265. ↑ 265.0 265.1 265.2 Pew Research Center (13 August 2009). Pakistani Public Opinion: Growing Concerns About Extremism, Continuing Discontent With U.S. Pew Global Attitudes Project. pp. 9–10. PDF. Archived on 19 June 2025.
266. ↑ 266.0 266.1 Shinwari, Naveed Ahmad (2012). ﻿Understanding FATA: Attitudes Towards Governance, Religion & Society in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Volume IV﻿ (Report). Community Appraisal & Motivation Programme (CAMP). pp. 68–69. https://fid4sa-repository.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/2714/1/Understanding_FATA_Vol_IV_1.pdf.
267. ↑ Golovnina, Maria (14 July 2013). "Pakistan Taliban set up camps in Syria, join anti-Assad war". Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-syria-taliban-idUSBRE96D02V20130714.
268. ↑ Wali, Ahmed (12 July 2013). "BBC News – Pakistan Taliban 'sets up a base in Syria'". Bbc.co.uk. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-23285245.
269. ↑ "Pakistan Taliban set up camps in Syria, join anti-Assad war". Al Arabiya. 14 July 2013. http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/07/14/Pakistan-Taliban-set-up-camps-in-Syria-join-anti-Assad-war.html.
270. ↑ Atul Aneja (15 July 2013). "Pak. Taliban presence turns Syria into a theatre of global jihad". The Hindu (Chennai, India). http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/south-asia/pak-taliban-presence-turns-syria-into-a-theatre-of-global-jihad/article4918221.ece?homepage=true.
271. ↑ "Pakistan Taliban says its fighters in Syria". Al Jazeera English. 16 July 2013. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/07/20137167916826540.html.
272. ↑ "Pakistan verifying reports of Taliban fighting in Syria". Dnaindia.com. 16 July 2013. http://www.dnaindia.com/world/1861891/report-pakistan-verifying-reports-of-taliban-fighting-in-syria.
273. ↑ Taban, Besmillah (2024-12-15). "The Fall of the Syrian Government and the Future of Foreign Jihadists: Supporters and Opponents of Assad" (in en-CA). https://8am.media/eng/the-fall-of-the-syrian-government-and-the-future-of-foreign-jihadists-supporters-and-opponents-of-assad/.

## Further reading

* "Who Is Who in the Pakistani Taliban: A Sampling of Insurgent Personalities in Seven Operational Zones in Pakistan's Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) and North Western Frontier Province", Naval Postgraduate School Program for Culture and Conflict Studies
* "All Pakistan should be under sharia law, says Taliban spokesperson", interview with Tehreek-i-Taliban spokesperson Muslim Khan by Tony Cross, Radio France Internationale in English, April 2009
* S. R. Valentine, "Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan: Ideology and Beliefs", Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU), Briefing Number 49, 8 September 2009.
* S. R. Valentine, "'We are the Soldiers of Islam': Tehreeki Taliban Pakistan and the Ideology of Dissent", chapter 10. in U. Butt & N. Elahi (eds.), Pakistan's Quagmire: Security, Strategy, and the Future of the Islamic-nuclear Nation, Continuum, 2010. ISBN 9780826433008.
* Ben Brumfield, "Who are the Pakistani Taliban?", CNN, 17 October 2012

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