Quranic timeline

The page gives a timeline of the various events related to the Quran according to traditional Islamic accounts.

## Contents

* 1 Events
* 1.1 Muhammad
* 1.2 Post Muhammad
* 2 References

## Events

### Muhammad

* 22 December 609 CE, Muhammad recites a chapter of the Quran for the first time after angel Gabriel, according to Islamic tradition, reveals surah Al-Alaq in the Cave of Hira.
* 610 CE, Muhammad receives the second revelation with surah Al-Muddaththir.[1]
* 622 CE Al-Baqara, the first surah after the Hijrah is revealed.[2]
* 624 CE Al-Anfal is revealed mentioning the Battle of Badr.[3]
* 632 CE surah Al-Ma'idah is revealed, the last sura.[4][better source needed]

### Post Muhammad

* 633 CE The Qur'an was written down on the order of Abu Bakr in one book form
* earlier than 645 -In 2015 the manuscript, which is held by the University of Birmingham was radiocarbon dated to between 568 and 645 CE (in the Islamic calendar, between 56 BH and 25 AH)
* 653 CE The Quran is canonized by Uthman ibn Affan[5]
* 657 CE; pages of the Quran are wrapped around swords by Muawiyahs forces during the Battle of Siffin
* 661 CE - 671 CE: the estimated radiocarbon dating of one of the oldest surviving copy of the Quran, the Sanaa manuscript[6]
* 769: The first full tafsir attributed to Muqatil ibn Sulayman ibn Bashiral-Balkhi. Ma'ani al-Qur'an (The Meaning of The Qur'an) by Abu Zakaria al-Farra (207AH).
* 859 CE, the oldest quranic school (madrasa) in University of al-Qarawiyyin is built[7]
* 883 CE; Tafsir al-Tabari, one of the oldest and big surviving tafsir collections was completed
* 884 CE; the first complete translation of the Quran into a foreign language[8]
* 1609 CE Quranic calligraphy for the Taj Mahal is created by Abdul Haq, aka Amanat Khan
* 1649 CE; the first known translation of the Quran into the English language by Alexander Ross, chaplain to King Charles I.[9]

Some modern scientific methods discussed in "Nassourou, Mohamadou (2013), 'The Qurʾanic verses : history, computer-supported reconstruction of the order of revelation, examining the concept of abrogation', AVM - Akademische Verlagsgemeinschaft, Munich, Germany, ISBN 978-3869244754" have also been used to reconstruct the entire chronology of the Quranic verses.

## References

1. ↑ When The Moon Split - Page 35
2. ↑ Encyclopedia of World Religion, Johannes P. Schadé - 2006
3. ↑ Saddam's Word : The Political Discourse in Iraq: 1998 Page 189
4. ↑ 110\. Surah An Nasr (The Help) - Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
5. ↑ Does archaeology support the Qur'an? [IsaAlMasih.net]
6. ↑ Sadeghi, Behnam; Bergmann, Uwe (1 January 2010). "The Codex of a Companion of the Prophet and the Qurān of the Prophet". Arabica 57 (4): 343–436
7. ↑ "Forum". http://archive.thedailystar.net/forum/2007/july/madrasa.htm.
8. ↑ "English Translations of the Quran » Crescent". http://www.monthlycrescent.com/understanding-the-quran/english-translations-of-the-quran/.
9. ↑ "From scholarship, sailors and sects to the mills and the mosques". The Guardian (Guardian News and Media Limited). 2002-06-18

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