Trilok (Jainism)

Fourteen Rajaloka or Triloka depicted as cosmic man. Miniature from 17th century, Saṁgrahaṇīratna by Śrīcandra, in Prakrit with a Gujarati commentary. Jain Śvetāmbara cosmological text with commentary and illustrations.

The early Jain contemplated the nature of the earth and universe and developed a detailed hypothesis on the various aspects of astronomy and cosmology. According to the Jain texts, the universe is divided into 3 parts:[1][2][3][4]

* Urdhva Loka – the realms of the gods or heavens
* Madhya Loka – the realms of the humans, animals and plants
* Adho Loka – the realms of the hellish beings or the infernal regions

## References

### Citation

1. ↑ Grimes 1996, p. 177.
2. ↑ Titze & Bruhn 1998, p. 238.
3. ↑ Wiley 2009, p. 131.
4. ↑ Raval 2016, p. 81.

### Source

* Grimes, John A. (1996), A Concise Dictionary of Indian Philosophy: Sanskrit Terms Defined in English, SUNY Press, ISBN 9780791430675, https://books.google.co.in/books?id=qcoUFYOX0bEC, retrieved 2017-09-10
* Titze, Kurt; Bruhn, Klaus (1998), Jainism: A Pictorial Guide to the Religion of Non-violence, Motilal Banarsidass Publication, ISBN 9788120815346, https://books.google.co.in/books?id=loQkEIf8z5wC, retrieved 2017-09-10
* Wiley, Kristi L. (2009), The A to Z of Jainism, Scarecrow Press, ISBN 9780810868212, https://books.google.co.in/books?id=kUz9o-EKTpwC, retrieved 2017-09-10
* Raval, Mukundchandra G. (2016), Meru: The Center of our Earth, Notion Press, ISBN 9781945400100, https://books.google.co.in/books?id=tgRTDAAAQBAJ, retrieved 2017-09-10

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