Unity of ritual and government

Short description: Japanese political concept

The term Unity of ritual and government (祭政一致, 祭政一致) refers to the unification of ritual and politics. Festival in festival-politics means "festival" and religion. The word "politics" means "festival" and politics.[1]

Shinto is an animistic religion, and one of its characteristics is the unity of ritual and government.[2] Although not necessarily restricted to Shinto in Japanese, rites and ceremonies are used in English as Saisei itchi as a term for Shinto.[2][3][4][5] Keiichi Yanagawa defined ritual government as different from theocracy, in which a professional clergyman directly governs.[6] Ritual and political unity has been referred to primarily in the context of the ancient emperor system.[7]

## Contents

* 1 Ritual and Political Unity in Japan
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Bibliography

## Ritual and Political Unity in Japan

On March 13, 1868, the Meiji Restoration announce the Restoration of the Monarchy and the reestablishment of the Department of Divinities in a "Dajokanbudan".[8][9]

Also used on January 3, 1870, in the "Declaration of the Great Teachings" (Dai-kyo Sengen).[10][11]

Later in the Meiji era the theory came to be replaced with Secular Shrine Theory,[12] the idea that Shinto Shrines were secular in their nature rather than religious.[13]

## See also

* Department of Divinities
* Theocracy
* Separation of church and state
* State Shinto
* Controversies surrounding Yasukuni Shrine
* Caesaropapism
* Shinto Secretariat

## References

1. ↑ 『世界大百科事典』に山田武の署名記事があるほか，無記名ではあるが『マイペディア』などの百科事典，『日本国語大辞典』『広辞苑』などの国語辞典，また新聞報道などにも細部の表現は違うが使われている。
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nigosian, S. A. (January 1, 1994), World Faiths, Bedford/st Martins; 2nd edition, pp. 217–218, ISBN 978-0312084141
3. ↑ "saisei-itchi | Japanese religion" (in en). https://www.britannica.com/topic/saisei-itchi.
4. ↑ Public Shrine Forests? Shinto, Immanence, and Discursive Secularization, Aike P. Rots, Japan Review 30 Special Issue (2017): p.187
5. ↑ Saisei itchiは"the unity of religion and government"か"the unity of ritual and government"と直訳され神道固有の概念として解説されている
6. ↑ Between Unity and Separation: Religion and Politics in Japan, 1965-1977 Yanagawa Keiichi and David Reid, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 6/4 December 1979. p.502
7. ↑ 平凡社 2021d, p. 「祭政一致」.
8. ↑ 「此度王政復古，神武創業ノ始ニ被為基，諸事御一新，祭政一致之御制度ニ御復被遊候ニ付テハ，先第一神祇官御再興御造立ノ上……（後略）」安丸良夫・宮地正人編『日本近代思想大系5 宗教と国家』425ページ
9. ↑ 明治元年太政官布告第153 『法令全書. 慶応３年』 p.63、内閣官報局（国立国会図書館）
10. ↑ 「朕恭惟 天神 天祖，立極垂統；列皇相承，継之述之。祭政一致，億兆同心。治教明于上，風俗美于下。而中世以降，時有汚隆，道有顕晦，治教之不洽也久矣。今也，天運循環，百度維新，宜明治教，以宣揚惟神大道也。因新命宣教使，以布教天下。汝群臣衆庶，其体斯旨。」安丸良夫・宮地正人編『日本近代思想大系5 宗教と国家』431ページ
11. ↑ 『歴代の詔勅』 p.66 河野省三 内閣印刷局、1940年（国立国会図書館）
12. ↑ "神社非宗教論とは - Weblio辞書" (in ja). https://www.weblio.jp/content/神社非宗教論.
13. ↑ 新田 1995, p. 199-220.

## Bibliography

* 世界大百科事典&マイペディア 第2版[CD-ROM]，ISBN 978-4816981838
* 広辞苑 第六版 DVD-ROM版，ISBN 978-4001301618
* 安丸良夫・宮地正人編『日本近代思想大系5 宗教と国家』岩波書店，1988，ISBN 978-4002300054

* 小学館 (2021b). "原始宗教". 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ). 小学館、コトバンク. Template:Kotobank
* 小学館 (2021c). "原始宗教". デジタル大辞泉. 小学館、コトバンク. Template:Kotobank
* 山上伊豆母 (1989). 古代神道の本質. 法政大学出版局. pp. 84–100. ISBN 4588306014.
* ブリタニカ・ジャパン (2021f). "祭政一致". ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典. ブリタニカ・ジャパン、コトバンク. Template:Kotobank
* 平凡社 (2021c). "祭政一致". 百科事典マイペディア. 平凡社、コトバンク. Template:Kotobank
* 平凡社 (2021d). "祭政一致". 世界大百科事典 第２版. 平凡社、コトバンク. Template:Kotobank

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