Shades of brown

Short description: Varieties of the color brown

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Brown

Common connotations
Autumn, Thanksgiving, earth, dirt, chocolate
Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #964B00
Source| ColorXS
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong brown
Some shades of Brown
Red Brown (X11)|
Pale Brown|
Medium Brown|
Dark Brown|
Light Brown|

Shades of brown can be produced by combining red, yellow, and black[1] pigments, or by a combination of orange and black—illustrated in the color box. The RGB color model, that generates all colors on computer and television screens, makes brown by combining red and green light at relatively low intensities, with green light being in a lesser proportion than red light. Brown color names are often imprecise, and some shades, such as beige, can refer to lighter rather than darker shades of yellow and red. Such colors are less saturated than colors perceived to be orange. Browns are usually described as light or dark, reddish, yellowish, or gray-brown. There are no standardized names for shades of brown; the same shade may have different names on different color lists, and sometimes one name (such as beige or puce) can refer to several very different colors. The X11 color list of web colors has seventeen different shades of brown, but the complete list of browns is much longer.

Brown colors are typically desaturated shades of reds, oranges, and yellows which are created on computer and television screens using the RGB color model and in printing with the CMYK color model. Browns can also be created by mixing two complementary colors from the RYB color model (combining all three primary colors). In theory, such combinations should produce black, but produce brown because most commercially available blue pigments tend to be comparatively weaker; the stronger red and yellow colors prevail, thus creating brown tones.

Displayed here are some common brown shades. Some of them are associated with (any of various types of) soil, rock, or vegetation and are thus also classifiable among the earth tones.

## Contents

* 1 Red-brown (web color "brown")
* 2 Brown (RYB)
* 3 Additional variations of brown
* 3.1 Beaver
* 3.2 Beige
* 3.3 Bistre (Bister)
* 3.4 Buff
* 3.5 Burnt umber
* 3.6 Chestnut
* 3.7 Chocolate
* 3.8 Cigar brown
* 3.9 Cocoa brown
* 3.10 Dark brown
* 3.11 Desert sand
* 3.12 Khaki
* 3.13 Kobicha (Brown-nose)
* 3.14 Manhattan
* 3.15 Maroon
* 3.16 Milk chocolate
* 3.17 Ochre (Ocher)
* 3.18 Peru
* 3.19 Raw umber
* 3.20 Rosy brown
* 3.21 Russet
* 3.22 Sable
* 3.23 Saddle Brown
* 3.24 Sandy brown
* 3.25 Sepia
* 3.26 Smokey topaz
* 3.27 Tan
* 3.28 Taupe
* 3.29 Walnut brown
* 3.30 Wenge
* 3.31 Wood brown
* 3.32 Xumo
* 4 See also
* 5 References
* 5.1 Bibliography
* 5.2 Citations

## Red-brown (web color "brown")

Red-Brown

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #A52A2A
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Vivid red

The web color called "brown" is displayed as shown.

The historical and traditional name for this color is red-brown.

The color shown above at the top right at the head of this article (color #964B00) is the color normally and traditionally regarded as brown—a medium dark orange. Its h (hue) code is 30, which signifies a shade of orange. The color to the immediate right (color #A52A2A) that was chosen as the web color "brown"—a medium dark red—is the color traditionally called red-brown. That this color is a shade of red and not orange can be easily ascertained by inspecting its h (hue) code, which is 0, signifying a shade of red.

The first recorded use of red-brown as a color name in English was in 1682.[2]

## Brown (RYB)

Brown (RYB)

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #331800
Source| RYB color system

Displayed at right is the color that is called brown in the RYB color model. It is an equal mix of red, yellow and blue.[3]

## Additional variations of brown

### Beaver

Beaver

A North American beaver

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #9F8170
Source| Crayola
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Light brown

Beaver is a shade of brown representative of the color of a beaver. At a hue of 22, it is classified as an orange-brown.

The first recorded use of beaver as a color name in English was in 1705.[4]

The color "beaver" was formulated as one of the Crayola colors in 1998.

Etymologically, it's believed that the words "brown" and "beaver" ultimately stem from the same root word.[5]

### Beige

Beige

Wool just before processing

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #F5F5DC
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Pale yellow green

Beige is a pale sandy brown color representative of the color of unbleached wool. At a hue of 60, it is classified as a yellow-brown.

### Bistre (Bister)

Main article: Bistre

Bistre (Bister)

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #3D2B1F
Source| 99colors.net[6]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Dark yellowish brown

Bistre or Bister is an dark grayish shade of brown derived from the pigment of the same name.

Bistre is a pigment that is made from soot, hence why it can also be called soot brown. The traditional method for making the pigment is to burn wood (usually beechwood to make the soot, then boiling it and diluting it with water.

### Buff

Main article: Buff (colour)

Buff

Buff is the color of fine undyed leathers.

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #DAA06D
Source| Maerz and Paul
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Light yellow

Buff is a pale yellow-brown color that got its name from the color of buffed leather.[7] At a hue of 28, it is classified as an orange-brown.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, buff as a descriptor of a color was first used in the London Gazette of 1686, describing a uniform to be "A Red Coat with a Buff-colour'd lining".[8]

### Burnt umber

Burnt umber

Vanadinite crystals showing burnt umber coloration

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #8A3324
Source| Xona.com Color List[9]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong reddish brown

Burnt umber is made by heating raw umber, which dehydrates the iron oxides and changes them partially to the more reddish hematite. It is used for both oil and water color paint. At a hue of 9, it is classified as a red-brown.

The first recorded use of burnt umber as a color name in English was in 1650.[10]

### Chestnut

Chestnut

Chestnuts can be found on the ground around chestnut trees.

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #954535
Source| Maerz and Paul
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong reddish brown

Main article: Chestnut (color)

Displayed at right is the color chestnut. At a hue of 10, it is classified as a red-brown.

### Chocolate

Main articles: Chocolate (color), Black chocolate, and White chocolate

Chocolate

Chocolate most commonly comes in three shades; dark, milk, and white varieties, with cocoa solids contributing to the brown coloration.

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #7B3F00
Source| Maerz and Paul[11]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong brown

The color chocolate has a hue of 31, and is classified as an orange-brown.

### Cigar brown

Cigar Brown

Cigars

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #6D4F4B
Source| My Perfect Color[12]

Cigar brown is a brown shade resembling the color of cigars.

### Cocoa brown

Cocoa Brown

Chocolate is created from the cocoa bean. A cacao tree with cocoa bean fruit pods (which are filled with cocoa beans inside of them) in various stages of ripening

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #D2691E
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep orange

Displayed at right is the color cocoa brown. At a hue of 25, it is classified as an orange-brown.

### Dark brown

Dark Brown

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #5C4033
Source| X11

Dark brown is a dark tone of color brown. At a hue of 19, it is classified as a black-brown. An archaic term for it is piceous.

### Desert sand

Main article: Desert sand (color)

Desert Sand

Desert landscape in the United Arab Emirates

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #EDC9AF
Source| Crayola
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Pale orange yellow

The color desert sand is displayed at right. At a hue of 19, it is classified as an orange-brown.

It may be publicly regarded as a deep shade of beige. It is a pale tint of a color called desert.

The color name "desert" was first used in 1920.[13]

### Khaki

Khaki

Khaki uniform

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #C3B091
Source| HTML/CSS
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Grayish yellow

The web color khaki has a hue of 37, and is classified as an orange-brown. This example matches the color designated as khaki in the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color, the standard for color nomenclature before the introduction of computers.

The first recorded use of khaki as a color name in English was in 1848.[14]

### Kobicha (Brown-nose)

Kobicha

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #6B4423
Source| JTC
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong brown

The color kobicha (brown-nose) is displayed at right. At a hue of 28, it is classified as an orange-brown.

It is one of the Japanese traditional colors that has been in use since 660 AD in the form of various dyes used in designing kimono.[15][16]

The name kobicha comes from the Japanese for the color of a type of kelp tea, but the word was often used as a synonym for a form of flattery[15][16] in a curious parallel with the English usage brown nosing.

### Manhattan

Manhattan

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #F8C898
Source| hexcolor.co[17]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Pale light grayish brown

Manhattan is a pale light grayish brown color.

### Maroon

Main article: Maroon

Maroon

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #800000
Source| HTML/CSS
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep reddish brown

Displayed at right is the web color called maroon in HTML/CSS and it is a brownish crimson color that takes its name from the French word marron, or chestnut. "Marron" is also one of the French translations for "brown".

### Milk chocolate

Milk Chocolate

A chunk of Milka

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #84563C
Source| Color Register[18]

Milk chocolate is a moderate shade of brown representing the color of milk chocolate.

### Ochre (Ocher)

Main article: Ochre

Ochre (Ocher)

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #CC7722
Source| colorxs.com/color
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Deep orange

Ochre or Ocher is an orangeish shade of brown derived from the clay earth pigment of the same name that ranges in color from yellow to deep orange or brown.

Ochre is also any clay that is colored with iron oxide derived during the extraction of tin and copper.[19]

### Peru

Peru

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #CD853F
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Moderate orange

The web color Peru has a hue of 30, and is classified as an orange-brown.

This color was originally called Peruvian brown with the first recorded use in 1924 of Peruvian brown as a color name in English.[20]

The color name was changed to peru in 1987, when this color was formulated as one of the X11 colors, which in the early 1990s became known as the X11 web colors.

### Raw umber

Raw Umber

Raw umber pigment

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #826644
Source| ISCC-NBS[21]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Moderate yellowish brown

This version of the color raw umber has a hue of 33, and is classified as an orange-brown.

### Rosy brown

Rosy Brown

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #BC8F8F
Source| X11
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Light grayish red

Displayed here is the web color rosy brown. At a hue of 359, it is classified as a red-brown.

The color name rosy brown first came into use in 1987, when this color was formulated as one of the X11 colors, which in the early 1990s became known as the X11 web colors.

### Russet

Main article: Russet (color)

Russet

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #80461B
Source| ISCC-NBS[21]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong brown

Russet is a dark brown color with a reddish-orange tinge. At a hue of 26, it is classified as an orange-brown.

The first recorded use of russet as a color name in English was in 1562.[22]

The name of the color derives from russet, a coarse cloth made of wool and dyed with woad and madder to give it a subdued gray or reddish-brown shade. By the statute of 1363, poor English people were required to wear russet.[23]

Russet, a color of fall, is often associated with sorrow or grave seriousness. Anticipating a lifetime of regret, Shakespeare's character Biron says: "Henceforth my wooing mind shall be express'd / In russet yeas and honest kersey noes." (Love's Labour's Lost, Act V, Scene 1)

### Sable

Sable

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #6E403C
Source| [1]
ISCC–NBS descriptor| Strong reddish brown

Sable is a shade of brown representative of the color of a sable. The color sable is best described as a copper-blonde metallic brown.

### Saddle Brown

Saddle Brown

Color coordinates
Hex triplet| #8b4513
Source| X11

An X11 color, Saddle Brown is a mid brown common for the stained leather of a saddle.

### Sandy brown

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Sandy brown is a pale shade of brown. Sandy brown is one of the web colors. At a hue of 28, it is classified as an orange-brown.

As its name suggests, it is a shade of brown which is similar to the color of some sands.

The color name sandy brown first came into use in 1987, when this color was formulated as one of the X11 colors, which in the early 1990s became known as the X11 web colors.

### Sepia

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Sepia is a reddish-brown color, named after the rich brown pigment derived from the ink sac of the common cuttlefish Sepia.[24]

### Smokey topaz

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Displayed at right is the color smokey topaz. At a hue of exactly 15, it is classified as a red-brown or orange-brown. It can also be called a vermilion-brown.

This color was formulated by Crayola in 1994 as one of the colors in the Gem Tones set.

### Tan

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Tan is a pale tone of brown. At a hue of 34, it is classified as an orange-brown.

The name is derived from tannum (oak bark) used in the tanning of leather.[25]

The first recorded use of tan as a color name in English was in the year 1590.[26]

### Taupe

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The color taupe is a representation of the average color of the fur of the French mole.[27] At a hue of 30, it is classified as an orange-brown.

The color displayed at right matches the color sample called taupe referenced below in the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color.

The first use of "taupe" as a color name in English was in the early 19th century (exact year is not known).[28]

### Walnut brown

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Walnut brown is a dark brown color; a representation of the color made from walnut hulls. At a hue of 30, it is classified as an orange-brown.

### Wenge

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Wenge refers to the distinctive color of the dark-colored wood that is the product of Millettia laurentii, a legume tree from Africa. At a hue of 9, it is classified as a red-brown.

### Wood brown

Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter has terminated with signal "24". Wood brown is a color that resembles wood. At a hue of 33, it is classified as an orange-brown.

The first recorded use of wood brown as a color name in English was in Robert Ridgway's 1886 book Nomenclature of Colors for Naturalists, Compendium of Useful Knowledge for Ornithologists.[29] Ridgway further refined the details of its color coordinates in his 1912 publication Color Standards and Color Nomenclature.[30]

The normalized color coordinates for wood brown are identical to fallow, camel and desert, which were first recorded as color names in English in 1000,[31] 1916,[32] and 1920,[33] respectively.

### Xumo

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Xumo is a dark, muted reddish-brown color with a hint of gray.

## See also

* Pantone 448 C
* Lists of colors

## References

### Bibliography

* Maerz, Aloys John; Paul, Morris Rea (1930). A Dictionary of Color. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. OCLC 1150631.
* 長崎盛輝 [Nagasaki, Seiki] (2001) (in ja). 日本の傳統色 : その色名と色調. Kyoto: Seigensha. ISBN 4-916094-53-0. OCLC 51110507.
* 日本色彩学会 [Color Society of Japan] (1985) (in ja). 新編色彩科学ハンドブック. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press. ISBN 4-13-061000-7. OCLC 47432802.
* Ridgway, Robert (1886). Nomenclature of Colors for Naturalists, Compendium of Useful Knowledge for Ornithologists. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. OCLC 768502. https://archive.org/details/nomenclatureofc00ridg/mode/2up.
* Ridgway, Robert (1912). Color standards and color nomenclature. Washington, D.C.: Robert Ridgway. OCLC 630954. https://archive.org/details/colorstandardsc00ridg/mode/2up.

### Citations

1. ↑ brown (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, September 2005, http://oed.com/search?searchType=dictionary&q=brown (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
2. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 190; Color Sample of Red-Brown: p. 33 Plate 5 Color Sample F11 (The color red-brown is listed on page 190 as a variation of the color Bole, under its original 17th-century name, "brown-red")
3. ↑ "What Colors Do You Mix to Make Brown?". September 2022. https://artstudiolife.com/how-to-mix-brown/.
4. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 190; Color Sample of Beaver: p. 53 Plate 15 Color Sample A6—The color shown above matches the color sample in the book
5. ↑ Harper, Douglas. "beaver". Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/?term=beaver. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
6. ↑ "Color Bistre | Hex Code #3D2B1F | RGB 61, 43, 31". https://www.99colors.net/name/bistre.
7. ↑ Paterson, Ian (2003), A Dictionary of Colour (1st paperback ed.), London: Thorogood (published 2004), p. 73, ISBN 1-85418-375-3, OCLC 60411025
8. ↑ "buff, adj.1". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. https://www.oed.com/Entry/24298.
9. ↑ "Xona Games - Color List". https://xona.com/misc/colorlist/.
10. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 191; Color Sample of Burnt Umber: p. 53 Plate 15 Color Sample A12
11. ↑ Maerz & Paul; the color chocolate is displayed on p. 39, Plate 8, Color Sample H10.
12. ↑ "Match of Bob Timberlake™ CC-800 Cigar Brown *". https://www.myperfectcolor.com/paint/34978-bob-timberlake-cc-800-cigar-brown.
13. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 194; Color Sample of Desert: p. 47 Plate 12 Color Sample I7
14. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 197; Color Sample of Khaki: p. 49 Plate 13 Color Sample J7
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Nagasaki (2001)
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Color Society of Japan (1985)
17. ↑ Cobb, Bettie M.. "#F8C898 - Manhattan - RGB 248, 200, 152 Color Information". https://hexcolor.co/hex/F8C898.
18. ↑ "Milk Chocolate color - #84563C - The Official Register of Color Names". https://color-register.org/color/milk-chocolate.
19. ↑ "Ochre". Collier's New Encyclopedia. VII. 1921.
20. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 201; Color Sample of Peruvian Brown: p. 49 Plate 13 Color Sample L11—The color Peru shown above matches the color sample in the book
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 "Retsof online version of ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Colo(u)r Names - Ra through Rz". November 22, 2012. http://tx4.us/nbs/nbs-r.htm.
22. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 203; Color Sample of Russet: p. 37 Plate 14 Color Sample I12
23. ↑ R. H. Britnell (1986), Growth and decline in Colchester, 1300–1525, Cambridge University Press, pp. 55–77, ISBN 978-0-521-30572-3, https://archive.org/details/growthdeclineinc0000brit/page/55
24. ↑ St. Clair, Kassia (2016). The Secret Lives of Colour. London: John Murray. pp. 248–249. ISBN 9781473630819. OCLC 936144129.
25. ↑ "tan". Online Etymology Dictionary. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?allowed_in_frame=0&search=tan&searchmode=none.
26. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 205
27. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 205; Discussion of Color Taupe, p. 183.
28. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 205; Discussion of Color Taupe, p. 183; Color Sample of Taupe: p. 55 Plate 16 Color Sample A6
29. ↑ Ridgway (1886), pp. 36, 54, 117; Color Sample of Wood Brown: Plate III fig. 19
30. ↑ Ridgway (1912), p. 40; Color Sample of Wood Brown: Plate XL
31. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 195; Color Sample of Fallow: p. 47 Plate 12 Color Sample B5
32. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 191; Color Sample of Camel: p. 49 Plate 15 Color Sample A6
33. ↑ Maerz & Paul, p. 203; Color Sample of Desert: p. 47 Plate 12 Color Sample I7

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