Angkuic languages

Angkuic

Ethnicity| Blang people in China and Loi people in Myanmar (Shan and Mongla)
Geographic
distribution| China , Burma
Linguistic classification| Austroasiatic

* Khasi–Palaungic
* Palaungic
* Angkuic

Glottolog| angk1246[1]

The Angkuic languages are spoken in Yunnan province, China and Shan State, Burma.

## Contents

* 1 Languages
* 2 Classification
* 3 Lexical innovations
* 4 References and notes
* 5 Bibliography

## Languages

* U (P'uman)
* Hu (Kongge, Kun'ge, Kon Keu)
* Man Met (Kemie)
* Mok
* Muak Sa-aak
* Va
* Mong Lue (Tai Loi) ?

## Classification

Andrew Hsiu (2015)[2] proposes the following tentative classification scheme for the Angkuic languages.

Angkuic

* Eastern (Va)
* Va, Northern
* Va, Southern
* Northern (U)
* Xiaoheijiang U (Alva, Auva, U of Shuangjiang)
* Northeastern U (P’uman, Avala)
* Northwestern U
* Southern (?)
* Man Met
* Hu
* Muak Sa-aak
* Angku (?)
* Dagun (?)

Hsiu (2015) suggests that the Angkuic languages originated in the Mekong River valley in the Sipsongpanna area, and subsequently dispersed upstream into western and central Yunnan.

## Lexical innovations

Hsiu (2015)[2] lists the following lexical innovations in each Angkuic branch. Proto-Palaungic reconstructions are from Sidwell (2015).

| 'to eat' | 'three' | 'tooth' | 'knife'

|
|
|
|

Proto-Northern Angkuic  | *naʔ | *ʔuaj | *hraŋ[3] | *sak
Proto-Eastern Angkuic  | *pra | *kuej | *xaŋ | *jət
Proto-Southern Angkuic  | *kʰaːj | *-ɔj | *kʰɛŋ | *wac
Proto-Palaungic  | - | *ləʔɔːj | *sraːŋ | *ʋaːc; *ʋiɛk

## References and notes

1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Angkuic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/angk1246.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hsiu, Andrew. 2015. The Angkuic languages: a preliminary survey. Paper presented ICAAL 6 (6th International Conference on Austroasiatic Linguistics), Siem Reap, Cambodia. doi:10.5281/zenodo.1127808
3. ↑ Proto-Xiaoheijiang U, a subgroup of Northern Angkuic

* Sidwell, Paul. 2009. Classifying the Austroasiatic languages: history and state of the art. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 76. Munich: Lincom Europa.
* Sidwell, Paul. 2015. The Palaungic Languages: Classification, Reconstruction and Comparative Lexicon. München: Lincom Europa.

## Bibliography

Sources with lexical data of Angkuic languages

* Chen Guoqing [陈国庆]. 2005. A study of Kemie [克蔑语研究]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].
* Hall, Elizabeth. 2010. A Phonology of Muak Sa-aak. M.A. thesis. Chiang Mai, Thailand: Payap University.
* Li Daoyong [李道勇], et al. (eds). 1986. A sketch of the Bulang language [布朗语简志]. Beijing: Ethnic Publishing House [民族出版社].
* Li Jinfang [李锦芳]. 2006. Studies on endangered languages in the Southwest China [西南地区濒危语言调查研究]. Beijing: Minzu University [中央民族大学出版社].
* Luce, Gordon. n.d. Field notes. m.s. Available online at http://sealang.net/archives/luce/
* Luce, Gordon. n.d. Comparative lexicon For Austroasiatic list: Wa - Danang Palaung - En - Amok - Möng-Lwe-Hkamuk - Angku - Wa Kut - Son. m.s.
* Luce, Gordon. n.d. Comparative lexicon: P'uman - Wa - La - Vü - Tailoi - Angku - Hkamuk - K'amu - Khmous - Lamet - P'eng (T'eng) - Nañang (Wa-Khmuk-Lemet Group (i)). m.s.
* Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau [思茂行署民族事务委员会编]. 1991. A study of the Bulang people [布朗族研究]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社]. ISBN 7-222-00803-9
* Svantesson, Jan-Olof. 1988. "U." In Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area, 11, no. 1: 64-133.
* Svantesson, Jan-Olof. 1991. "Hu - a Language with Unorthodox Tonogenesis." In Austroasiatic Languages, Essays in honour of H. L. Shorto, edited by Jeremy H.C.S. Davidson. 67-80. School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
* Wang Xingzhong [王兴中] & Zhao Weihua [赵卫华]. 2013. Geography and multilingualism in Lincang [临沧地理与双语使用]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社]. ISBN 978-7-222-08581-7
* Yan Qixiang [颜其香] & Zhou Zhizhi [周植志]. 2012. Mon-Khmer languages of China and the Austroasiatic family [中国孟高棉语族语言与南亚语系]. Beijing: Social Sciences Academy Press [社会科学文献出版社].

Gazetteers and other Chinese government sources with lexical data

* Nanjian County Gazetteer Commission [南涧县志编纂委员会编] (ed). 1993. Nanjian County Gazetteer [南涧彝族自治县志]. Chengdu: Sichuan Reference Press [四川辞书出版社].
* Na Ruzhen [納汝珍], et al. (eds). 1994. Zhenkang County Ethnic Gazetteer [镇康县民族志]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社].
* Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau [思茅行暑民族事务委员会] (ed). 1990. A study of the Bulang people [布朗族研究]. m.s.
* Simao Prefecture Ethnic Minority Affairs Bureau [思茅行暑民族事务委员会] (ed). 1991. A study of the Bulang people [布朗族研究]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社]. ISBN 7222008039
* Xiao Dehua [萧德虎], et al. (eds). 1992. Zhenkang County Gazetteer [镇康县志]. 1992. Chengdu: Sichuan People's Press [四川民族出版社].
* Yunnan Gazetteer Commission [云南省地方志编纂委员会] (ed). 1998. Yunnan Provincial Gazetteer, Vol. 59: Minority Languages Orthographies Gazetteer [云南省志. 卷五十九, 少数民族语言文字志]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南人民出版社].

Geographic information (village locations)

* Tao Yuming [陶玉明]. 2012. The Bulang people of China [中国布朗族]. Yinchuan: Ningxia People's Press [宁夏人民出版社].

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