Assan language

Short description: Yeniseian language

Assan

kottuen
Native to| Russia
Region| Krasnoyarsk Krai
Ethnicity| Asan people
Extinct| 1790[1]

Language family

Dené–Yeniseian?

* Yeniseian
* Kottic
* Assan

Language codes
ISO 639-3| `xss` (merged into Template:ISO 639 `zko`)

Linguist List

| `xss`
Glottolog| `assa1266`[2]
IETF| `xss`

Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages.

Assan (Russian: Ассанский язык) is an extinct Yeniseian language spoken to the south of Krasnoyarsk in Russia. It went extinct in the 18th century. It is similar enough to the Kott language that it can be regarded as a dialect of it, but the Assan identified as a separate ethnicity from the Kotts.[3]

Before its extinction, in 1735-1740, there were two to three speakers of Assan.[4]

## Contents

* 1 Classification
* 2 Phonology
* 2.1 Vowels
* 2.2 Consonants
* 3 Notes and references
* 4 Sources

## Classification

It has been difficult to properly classify the Yeniseian languages into a larger family. It is only recently that a possible link to the Na-Dené languages, a family of Indigenous language of the Americas spoken in Alaska, Western Canada and the southwestern United States, was suggested by Heinrich Werner. According to this argument, the Yeniseian and Na-Dené languages form two branches of an ancient family represented on both sides of the Bering Strait: the Dené–Yeniseian languages.[5]

Assan itself was very close to Kott, another extinct Yeniseian language, such that Assan is usually represented as a dialect of Kott.[6][7][8] However, due to its poor attestation, its status is unclear.[9]

## Phonology

### Vowels

Vowels of Assan[10] | Front  | Central  | Back

|
|
|

Close  | i | ɨ | u
Close-mid  | e |  | o
Open-mid  | ɛ | (ʌ)  | ɔ
Open  | æ | a |

### Consonants

Consonants of Assan[10] | Labial  | Dental  | Palatal/
Postalveolar  | Velar  | Uvular  | Laryngeal/
Pharyngeal

|
|
|
|
|
|

Plosive  | voiceless | plain | p | t | (tʲ)  | k | q | (ʔ)
aspirated | (pʰ)  | (tʰ)  |  |  |  |
voiced | b | d | (dʲ)  | g | ɢ |
Fricative  | voiceless |  | (s)  | ʃ | x | χ | h
voiced | (v)  |  |  |  |  |
Affricate  | voiceless |  |  | t͡ʃ |  |  |
voiced |  |  | d͡ʒ |  |  |
Nasal  | m | n |  | ŋ |  |
Lateral  |  | l |  |  |  |
Approximant  |  |  | j |  |  |
Trill  |  | r |  |  |  |

## Notes and references

1. ↑ "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Assan". https://asjp.clld.org/languages/ASSAN.
2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/assa1266.
3. ↑ Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward, ed., "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia (De Gruyter): pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110556216-008/html, retrieved 2024-06-26
4. ↑ "Исчезающие народы/языки: Ассаны, Ассанский (Assan) | СМДО КубГУ". https://moodle.kubsu.ru/mod/folder/view.php?id=8832&forceview=1.
5. ↑ Werner, Heinrich (2004) (in de). Zur jenissejisch-indianischen Urverwandtschaft. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-04896-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=dNjiDojHafUC.
6. ↑ "Glottolog 5.0 - Assan". https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/assa1266.
7. ↑ "2022-010 | ISO 639-3". https://iso639-3.sil.org/request/2022-010.
8. ↑ Fortescue, Michael D.; Vajda, Edward J. (2022). Mid-holocene language connections between Asia and North America. Brill's studies in the indigenous languages of the Americas. Leiden ; Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-43681-7. https://brill.com/display/title/58384?language=en.
9. ↑ Georg, Stefan; Georg, Stefan (2007). Introduction, phonology, morphology. A descriptive grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak) / Stefan Georg. Folkestone: Global Oriental. ISBN 978-1-901903-58-4.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Werner, Heinrich (2005). Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts. Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-05239-9.

## Sources

* (ru) Г.К. Вернер (Heinrich Werner), Енисейскиe языки, dans Языки Мира, Палеоазиатские Языки, pp. 169-177, Moscou, Izd. Indrik, 1997 ISBN 5-85759-046-9.
* (ru) Г.С. Старостин, К.Ю. Решетников, Кетский сборник. Лингвистика, Moscou, Vostotchnaya Literatura RAN, 1995 ISBN 5-88766-023-6.

Template:Yeniseian languages

* v
* t
* e

Paleo-Siberian languages

Chukotko-Kamchatkan|

| Chukotkan|

* Alyutor
* Chukchi
* Kerek
* Koryak

|

Kamchatkan|

* (Western) Itelmen
* Eastern Kamchadal language
* Southern Kamchadal language

Yeniseian|

| Northern|

* Ket
* Yugh

|

Southern|

* Arin
* Assan
* Kott
* Pumpokol

Yukaghir|

* Chuvan
* Tundra
* Omok
* Southern

Others|

* Ainu
* Nivkh
* Eskimo–Aleut
* Koreanic

Italics indicate extinct languages

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