Candidate of Philosophy

Short description: Master's degree

Candidate of Philosophy can refer to the US degree or status of Candidate in Philosophy (C.Phil. or Ph.C.) granted to Ph.D. students who have been accepted as candidates for that degree, or (as a direct translation) to degrees or former degrees at bachelor's or master's level from some Scandinavian countries.

## Contents

* 1 United States
* 1.1 University of California
* 1.2 University of Washington
* 2 Scandinavia
* 2.1 Denmark
* 2.2 Sweden
* 2.3 Finland
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Bibliography

## United States

See also: Social:All but dissertation

In the United States, it is normal for graduate students working toward a doctorate to take coursework followed by examinations (known variously as candidacy examinations, comprehensive examinations or qualifiers) after which they become candidates for the doctorate.[1] At a few institutions, this status is officially recognized either by a degree or some other official title. This is normally intended to be an interim status, prior to the award of a doctorate, not to be confused with the terminal master's degree awarded by some programs to those who leave after their candidacy examination.[2][3] Some universities grant a Master of Philosophy (MPhil) degree to students who have been accepted for candidacy.[4][5][6] During the 1960s, the University of Toronto, University of Waterloo, Yale, and Rutgers all granted MPhil degrees to students who were ABD, while Indiana University, the University of Michigan, the University of Minnesota, along with the University of California and the University of Washington (described below) awarded the Candidate of Philosophy degree.

### University of California

Error creating thumbnail: Candidate of Philosophy Awarded by UCLA

The first Candidate in Philosophy degree was first awarded at UC Berkeley in June of 1968.[7] Seven of the ten University of California campuses offer the Candidate in Philosophy (C.Phil.) degree to those who have passed the candidacy exam for the PhD in some programs. On some campuses it is only awarded to those leaving without a master's or a doctorate, however at UC San Diego such a practice seems forbidden.[8]

* University of California, Berkeley[9]
* University of California, Davis[10]
* University of California, Los Angeles[11]
* University of California, Riverside[12]
* University of California, San Diego[8]
* University of California, San Francisco
* University of California, Santa Barbara[13]

### University of Washington

The University of Washington awards a certificate of Candidate in Philosophy (PhC) to those admitted to candidacy for the PhD, alongside the Candidate in Education (EdC) and Candidate in Musical Arts (CMA) for those admitted to candidacy for the degrees of Doctor of Education (EdD) and Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA). These are designations for candidate status rather than degrees.[14]

## Scandinavia

### Denmark

The candidatus/candidata philosophiae degree (cand.phil.) was a master's-level first degree. It was awarded after four years' study and included a dissertation. As part of the Bologna Process of degree reforms, it was abandoned in 1995/6.[15]

### Sweden

In Sweden, :sv:filosofie kandidat (fil.kand. or FK) is the title for the holder of a bachelor's degree (filosofie kandidatexamen).[16]

### Finland

In Finland, the filosofian kandidaatti (fil.kand. or FK) was a graduate degree awarded until 1994. Holders can proceed to a Master of Arts degree without further examination.[17][18]

## See also

* Candidate of Sciences, a degree granted by universities in some former Soviet Union countries that is similar in name but equivalent to a completed doctoral degree.

## References

1. ↑ "Structure of the U.S. Education System: Research Doctorate Degrees". U.S. Department of Education. February 2008. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ous/international/usnei/us/doctorate.doc.
2. ↑ "Master's Program". Brandeis University. https://www.brandeis.edu/departments/physics/graduate/masters.html.
3. ↑ Anne Clark Bartlett (2004). "Is It Terminal? Re-Evaluating the Master's Degree". The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 37 (2): 26–29. doi:10.2307/4144694.
4. ↑ "Master of Philosophy". Columbia University. https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/programs/doctoral-program/academics/degree-requirements/master-philosophy.
5. ↑ "Doctor of Philosophy program". Yale School of Architecture. Master's Degree. http://architecture.yale.edu/school/academic-programs/doctor-philosophy-program#Master’s Degree.
6. ↑ "PhD Requirements". Department of Economics, Columbian College of Arts and Sciences, George Washington University. https://economics.columbian.gwu.edu/phd-requirements.
7. ↑ Pugliaresi, Lucian (1970-11-01). Inquiries into a New Degree: The Candidate in Philosophy. Berkeley, California: Ford Foundation. pp. 8. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED081393.pdf.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Requirements for the Candidate in Philosophy (C. Phil.) Degree at San Diego". UC San Diego. https://senate.ucsd.edu/Operating-Procedures/Senate-Manual/Regulations/710.
9. ↑ "The Candidate in Philosophy Degree". UC Berkeley. http://opa.berkeley.edu/candidate-philosophy-degree.
10. ↑ "Regulations of the Davis Division of the Academic Senate". UC Davis. https://academicsenate.ucdavis.edu/bylaws_and_regulations/regulations.cfm#520-.
11. ↑ "ADVANCEMENT TO CANDIDACY". UCLA. http://www.registrar.ucla.edu/Registration-Classes/Graduation/Advancement-to-Candidacy.
12. ↑ "General Catalog 2016-2017". UC Riverside. p. 62. http://registrar.ucr.edu/docs/16-17-ucr_general_catalog.pdf.
13. ↑ "Requirements for Graduate Degrees in Philosophy | Department of Philosophy - UC Santa Barbara". https://www.philosophy.ucsb.edu/graduate/degree-requirements.
14. ↑ "Scholastic Regulations". University of Washington. http://www.washington.edu/admin/rules/policies/SGP/ScholRegCH114.html#7.
15. ↑ "Reforms and previous systems". Ministry of Higher Education and Science (Denmark). https://ufm.dk/en/education-and-institutions/higher-education/degrees-and-qualifications/reforms-and-previous-systems/reforms-and-previous-systems#cookieoptin.
16. ↑ "filosofie kandidat" (in sv). Nationalencyklopedin. 2017. http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/lång/filosofie-kandidat.
17. ↑ "Graduation and Diplomas". University of Helsinki. https://www.helsinki.fi/en/faculty-of-arts/studying/graduation-and-diplomas#section-11505.
18. ↑ "Lyhenteitä: a – fil. toht. (Abbreviations: a - fil.)" (in fi). :fi:Kielikello. Institute for the Languages of Finland. April 2000. http://www.kielikello.fi/index.php?mid=2&pid=11&aid=1208.

## Bibliography

* United States Office of Education (1917). Statistics of Land-grant Colleges and Universities. Original from the University of Michigan: Govt. Print. Off. https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLELTUGx2EC&q="Candidate+of+Philosophy"&pg=RA10-PA63.

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