Central Tibetan language

Central Tibetan

Ü-Tsang
དབུས་སྐད་, Dbus skad / Ükä
དབུས་གཙང་སྐད་, Dbus-gtsang skad / Ü-tsang kä
Pronunciation| [wýkɛʔ, wýʔtsáŋ kɛʔ]
Native to| India, Nepal, China (Tibet Autonomous Region)

Native speakers

| (1.2 million cited 1990 census)[1]

Language family

Sino-Tibetan

* Tibeto-Burman
* Tibeto-Kanauri ?
* Bodish
* Tibetic
* Central Tibetan

Standard forms

Standard Tibetan

Writing system

| Tibetan script
Language codes
ISO 639-3| Variously:
`bod` – Lhasa Tibetan
`dre` – Dolpo
`hut` – Humla, Limi
`lhm` – Lhomi (Shing Saapa)
`muk` – Mugom (Mugu)
`kte` – Nubri
`ola` – Walungge (Gola)
`loy` – Lowa/Loke (Mustang)
`tcn` – Tichurong
Glottolog| `tibe1272` Tibetan[2]
`sout3216` South-Western Tibetic (partial match)[3]
`basu1243` Basum[4]

Central Tibetan, also known as Dbus, Ü or Ü-Tsang, is the most widely spoken Tibetic language and the basis of Standard Tibetan.

Dbus and Ü are forms of the same name. Dbus is a transliteration of the name in Tibetan script, དབུས་, whereas Ü is the pronunciation of the same in Lhasa dialect, [wy˧˥˧ʔ] (or [y˧˥˧ʔ]). That is, in Tibetan, the name is spelled Dbus and pronounced Ü. All of these names are frequently applied specifically to the prestige dialect of Lhasa.

There are many mutually intelligible Central Tibetan dialects besides that of Lhasa, with particular diversity along the border and in Nepal:[5]

Limi (Limirong), Mugum, Dolpo (Dolkha), Mustang (Lowa, Lokä), Humla, Nubri, Lhomi, Dhrogpai Gola, Walungchung Gola (Walungge/Halungge), Tseku, Basum

Ethnologue reports that Walungge is highly intelligible with Thudam, Glottolog that Thudam is not a distinct variety. Tournadre (2013) classifies Tseku with Khams.

## See also

* Amdo Tibetan
* Ladakhi language
* Balti language
* Ü-Tsang

## References

1. ↑ Lhasa Tibetan at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Dolpo at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Humla, Limi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Lhomi (Shing Saapa) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Mugom (Mugu) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
Nubri at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Tibetan". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/tibe1272.
3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "South-Western Tibetic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/sout3216.
4. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Basum". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/basu1243.
5. ↑ N. Tournadre (2005) "L'aire linguistique tibétaine et ses divers dialectes." Lalies, 2005, n°25, p. 7–56 [1]

|  Central Tibetan edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

|

* v
* t
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Languages of China

Official|

* Standard Mandarin

Regional|

| ARs / SARs|

* CantoneseHK/MC
* EnglishHK
* MongolianNM
* PortugueseMC
* TibetanXZ
* UyghurXJ
* ZhuangGX

|

Prefecture|

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* Zaiwa
* Lisu
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Counties/Banners|

numerous

Indigenous|

Sino-Tibetan languages

| Lolo-
Burmese|

| Mondzish|

* Kathu
* Maang
* Manga
* Mango
* Maza
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|

Burmish|

* Achang
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Loloish|

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|

Lisoish|

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Nisoish|

* Alingpo
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Other|

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Qiangic|

* Baima
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* Shixing
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Tibetic|

* Amdo
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Other|

* Bai
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* Longjia
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Other languages

| Austroasiatic|

* Bit
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* Hu
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* Mang
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* Muak Sa-aak
* Palaung
* Riang
* U
* Va
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|

Hmong-Mien|

| Hmongic|

* A-Hmao
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* Hmong
* Hmu
* Huishui
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* Luobohe
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* Raojia
* She
* Small Flowery
* Xixiu
* Younuo

|

Mienic|

* Biao Min
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Mongolic|

* Bonan
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Kra-Dai|

| Zhuang|

* Bouyei
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* Min
* Ningming
* Nong
* Tai Dam
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* Tai Lü
* Tai Nüa
* Tai Ya
* Yang
* Yei

|

Other|

* Ai-Cham
* Biao
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* Gelao
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* Kam
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* Then

Tungusic|

* Evenki
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* Xibe

Turkic|

* Äynu
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* Ili Turki
* Lop
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Other|

* Sarikoli (Indo-European)
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Minority|

* Kazakh
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Varieties of
Chinese|

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* varieties
* Ping
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Creole/Mixed|

* E
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* Sanqiao
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* Wutun

Extinct|

* Ba-Shu
* Jie
* Khitan
* Ruan-ruan
* Saka
* Tangut
* Tocharian
* Tuoba
* Tuyuhun
* Xianbei
* Zhang-Zhung

Sign|

* Chinese Sign
* Hong Kong SignHK/MC
* Tibetan SignXZ

* GX = Guangxi
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* MC = Macau
* NM = Inner Mongolia
* XJ = Xinjiang
* XZ = Tibet

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