Chinese emperors family tree (middle)

The following is a family tree of China emperors (420-1279), from the Northern and Southern dynasties period, of first half of the fifth century AD, until the conquest of China by the Mongols under Kublai Khan, and the end of the Southern Song dynasty in 1279. Chinese emperors family tree (ancient) → Chinese emperors family tree (early) → Chinese emperors family tree (middle) → Chinese emperors family tree (late)

## Contents

* 1 Southern and Northern Dynasties
* 1.1 Liu Song
* 1.2 Southern Qi
* 1.3 Liang dynasty and Western Liang
* 1.4 Chen dynasty
* 1.5 Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei
* 1.6 Northern Qi
* 1.7 Northern Zhou
* 2 Sui dynasty
* 3 Tang and Second Zhou dynasties
* 4 Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
* 4.1 Later Liang
* 4.2 Later Tang
* 4.3 Later Jin
* 4.4 Later Han and Northern Han
* 4.5 Later Zhou
* 4.6 Former Shu
* 4.7 Later Shu
* 4.8 Wu and Southern Tang
* 4.9 Wuyue
* 4.10 Min
* 4.11 Chu
* 4.12 Southern Han
* 4.13 Jingnan
* 5 Song dynasty
* 6 Northern Border Empires
* 6.1 Liao dynasty
* 6.2 Jin dynasty
* 6.3 Western Xia and Dingnan Jiedushi
* 7 Notes and references

## Southern and Northern Dynasties

### Liu Song

Liu Song

| | | | | | | | | Liu Yu 刘裕 (363–422)

Wudi
(r. 420–422)1

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| | | | Liu Yifu 刘义符 (406–424)
Shao
(r. 423–424)2 | | Liu Yilong 刘义隆 (407–453)

Wen
(r. 424–453)3 | | Liu Yikang
劉義康 (409–451)
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Liu Shao

426–453; r. 4534| | Liu Jun (430–464)
Xiaowu
(r. 453–464)5| | Liu Jun
劉濬 (429–453)
Prince Shixing| | Liu Yu 刘彧 (439–472)
Ming
(r. 465–472)7| | | Liu Xiufan 刘休范
(448–474)
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Liu Ziye 刘子业 (449–466)
Qianfei
(r. 464–466)6 | | Liu Zixun
(劉子勛)
(456–466; r. 466)| | | | | | Liu Yu (劉昱) (463–477)
Houfei
(r. 472–477)8| | | Liu Zhun (劉準) (469–479)
Shun
(r. 477–479)9

### Southern Qi

Southern Qi

| | | | | | | | | Xiao Chengzhi 萧承之
(384–447) | | | | | | | |

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| | | | Xiao Daosheng 萧道生| | | | | | Xiao Daocheng 蕭道成 (427–482)
Gao
(r. 479–482)1| | | |
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| | | | Xiao Luan 蕭鸞 (452–498)
Ming
(r. 494–498)5| | Xiao Ni
蕭嶷 444–492
Wenxian of Yuzhang| | Xiao Ze 蕭賾 (440–493)

(r. 482–493)2| | | |
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Xiao Baojuan
蕭寶卷
(483–501; r. 498–501)6 | | Xiao Baoyin
蕭寶寅
(487–530; r. 527)| | Xiao Baorong 蕭寶融 (488–502)

(r. 501–502)7| | Xiao Zhangmao
蕭長懋  (458–493)
Wen 文皇帝 | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | Xiao Zhaoye
蕭昭業
473–494; r. 493–4943| | Xiao Zhaowen
蕭昭文
480–494; r. 4944

### Liang dynasty and Western Liang

Liang dynasty and Western Liang

– Liang emperors

– Western Liang emperors

– Liang throne pretenders

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Xiao Shunzhi
萧顺之| | | | | | | | | |

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| | | | Xiao Yi 萧懿 (d. 500)| | | | | | | | Xiao Yan 蕭衍

(464–502–549)| | | | Xiao Xiu 蕭秀
475–518| | Xiao Hong

473–526
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| | | | Xiao Yuanming
蕭淵明 d. 556; r. 555| | Xiao Tong
萧统 (501–531)| | Xiao Gang 蕭綱
Jianwen
503–549–551| | Xiao Yi 蕭繹
Yuan
508–552–554–555| | Xiao Ji 蕭紀
508–552–553| | Xiao Zhengde
蕭正德
d. 549; r. 548–549
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| | | | Xiao Huan 萧欢| | Xiao Cha 蕭詧
Xuan
519–555–562| | Xiao Daqi
蕭大器
524–551| | Xiao Fangdeng
蕭方等 (528–549)| | Xiao Fangzhi 蕭方智
Jing
543–555–557| | | |
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| | | | Xiao Dong
萧栋 d. 552; r. 551| | Xiao Kui 蕭巋
Ming
542–562–585| | Xiao Yan 蕭巖| | Xiao Zhuang

548–557–560–577?| | | | | | | |
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Empress Xiao
蕭皇后 566?–648| | Xiao Yu 蕭瑀
574–647| |  Xiao Cong 蕭琮
Jing
r. 585–587| | Xiao Xuan 萧璿| | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | Xiao Xian 萧铣
583–621;
r. 617–621| | | | | | | | | | | |

### Chen dynasty

Chen dynasty emperors family tree

| | | | | Chen Wenzan
陈文赞 | | | | | | | | | | | |

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Chen Daotan 陈道谭| | | | | | Chen Baxian 陳霸先 (503–559)

(r. 557–559) | | | | | | | |
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Chen Qian 陳蒨 (522–566)
Wen
(r. 559–566)| | Chen Xu 陈顼 (530–582)
Xuan
(r. 569–582) | | Chen Chang
陳昌 (537–560)| | | | | | | |
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Chen Bozong 陳伯宗 (554?–570)
Fei
(r. 566–568)| | Chen Shubao
陈叔宝
553–604; r. 582–589| | Chen Shuda
陳叔達 d. 635| |  Ningyuan
寧遠公主 577–605| | Emperor Wen
of Sui
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| | | | Chen Yin 陳胤 b.573| | Chen Shen 陳深 b.575| | | | | | | |

### Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei

Tuoba / Yuan clan, Wei emperors family tree

Legend:

* – Northern Wei emperors
* – Western Wei emperors

* – Eastern Wei emperors
* – Northern Wei throne pretenders

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | See Tuoba clan
Dai state
family tree| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tuoba Gui
Daowu
371–386–409| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tuoba Xi
399–421| | Tuoba Si
Mingyuan
392–409–423| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tuoba Ta
416–488| | Tuoba Tao
Taiwu
408–423–452| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yuan Zhongkui| | Tuoba Huang
428–451| | Tuoba Yu
452| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yuan Faseng
453–536| | Tuoba Jun
Wencheng
440–452–465| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tuoba Zhen
447–496| | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tuoba Hong
Xianwen
454–465–
471–476| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yuan Yi| | Yuan Bin
464–499
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tuoba Hong
Xiaowen
467–471–499| | Yuan Yu
470–501| | | | | | Yuan Yong
d. 528| | Yuan Xiang
476–504| | Yuan Xie
d. 508| | Yuan Ye
530–531;
d. 532| | Yuan Rong
481–526
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Yuan Ke
Xuanwu
483–499–515| | Yuan Xun
483–497| | Yuan Yu
488–508| | | | | | Yuan Yi
487–520| | Yuan Huai
488–517| | Yuan Yue
494–532| | Yuan Xin| | Yuan Gong
Jiemin
498–531–532| | Yuan Yu
d. 555| | Yuan Hao
d. 529| | Yuan Shao
d. 528| | Yuan Ziyou
Xiaozhuang
507–528–531 | | Yuan Lang
513–531–532
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Yuan Xu
Xiaoming
510–515–528| | Yuan Baohui| | Yuan Baoju
Wen
507–535–551| | | | | | Yuan Dan
d. 537| | Yuan Ti
506–528| | Yuan Xiu
Xiaowu
510–532–535| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yuan
Huangtou
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daughter
b./r. 528| | Yuan Zhao
526–528| | Yuan Qin
Fei
551–554| | Yuan Kuo
Gong
537–554–
556–557| | Yuan Shanjian
Xiaojing
524–534–
550–552 | | Yuan Zan| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Northern Qi

Northern Qi emperors

| | | | | | | | | | | | | Gao Huan
高欢 (496–547)| | | | | | | | | | | |

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| | | |  Gao Cheng
高澄 (521–549)| | Gao Yang 高洋 (526–559)
Wenxuan
(r. 550–559)| | Empress Gao
高皇后| | Gao Yan 高演 (535–561)
Xiaozhao
(r. 560–561)| | Gao Zhan 高湛 (537–569)
Wucheng
(r. 561–565)| | Gao Jie
高湝(?–577)
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Gao Changgong
高长恭 d. 573
Prince of
Lanling 蘭陵王| | Gao Yanzong
高延宗 (?–578; r. 576)| | Gao Yin 高殷 (545–561)
Fei
(r. 559–560)| | Gao Shaoyi
高紹義
(b. 546; r. 578–580)| | Gao Bainian
高百年 556–564| | Gao Wei 高緯 (557–577)
Houzhu
(r. 565–577)| | Gao Yan

(558–571)
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Gao Heng 高恆 (570–577)
Youzhu
(r. 577)| | | |

### Northern Zhou

Northern Zhou emperors family tree

| Yuwen Gong
宇文肱 (d.526)| | | | | | Yuan Huai 元怀
（488–517）| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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Yuwen Hao
宇文顥
(d. 524)| | Princess
Fengyi
(d. 541)| | Yuwen Tai
宇文泰
(507–556)| | Emp. Xiaowu
of Northern Wei
r. 532–535| | | | | | | | | | Dugu Xin
獨孤信
504–557| | | | | | | |

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Yuwen Hu
宇文護
(513–572)| | Yuwen Jue 宇文覺
(542–557)
Xiaomin
(r. 557)1| | Yuwen Xian
宇文憲 545–578| | Yuwen Yong
宇文邕 (543–578)

(r. 560–578)3| | Yuwen Yu 宇文毓
(534–560)
Ming
(r. 557–560)2| | Empress
Dugu
獨孤王后
d.558| | Dugu Qieluo
獨孤伽羅
544–602| | Emperor
Wen of Sui
r. 581–604| | Duchess
Dugu
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yuwen Yun 宇文贇
(559–580)
Xuan
(r. 578–579)4| | Yang Lihua
楊麗華
561–609| | Sui dynasty| | | | | | Emperor
Gaozu of Tang
r. 618–626
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yuwen Yan 宇文衍
(573–581)
Jing
(r. 579–581)5| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tang dynasty

## Sui dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Sui dynasty (隋朝), which ruled China between AD 581 and 618. The dynasty was named for the family title: the Yang (楊) family were the Dukes of Sui.

Those who became emperor are listed in bold, with their years of reign large. The names given for emperors are posthumous names, the form by which Sui emperors were most commonly known.

Sui dynasty

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dugu Xin 獨孤信| | | | | | | |

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| | | | | | SUI DYNASTY| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Yang Jian 楊坚 541–604
Wendi 文帝
581–604| | Dugu Qieluo
獨孤伽羅 544–602
Empress Xian 獻皇后| | | | | | | | Duchess Dugu| | Li Bing 李昺 d. 572
Duke of Tang 唐國公
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1| | 2| | 3| | 4| | 5| | TANG DYNASTY| |
Yang Yong 楊勇
d. 604
Prince of Fangling 房陵王| | Yang Guang 楊廣 569–618
Yangdi 煬帝
604–617| | Yang Jun 楊俊
571–600
Prince of Qin 秦孝王| | Yang Xiu 楊秀
573–618| | Yang Liang

575–605| | Li Yuan 李淵 566–635
Gaozu 高祖
618–626| |
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Yang Zhao 楊昭
584–606
Cr.Prince Yuande
元德太子| | Yang Jian 楊暕
585–618
Prince of Qi 齊王| | Yang Gao
楊杲 607–618
Prince of Zhao 趙王| | Yang Hao
楊浩 d. 618
Prince of Qin 秦王
618?| | | | | | | | | |
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1| | 2| | 3| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Yang Tan 楊倓
603–618
Prince of Yan 燕王| | Yang Tong 楊侗 605–619
Gongdi 恭帝
618–619| |  Yang You 楊侑 605–619
Gongdi 恭帝
617–618 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

## Tang and Second Zhou dynasties

The following is a simplified family tree for the Tang dynasty (唐朝), which ruled China between AD 618 and 907. The Tang dynasty was interrupted by the reign of Empress Wu Zetian (AD 690–705), who after deposing her sons, declared herself the founder of a second Zhou (周) dynasty; the Tang dynasty was resumed by her sons following her abdication. The dynasty was named for the family title: the Li (李) family were the Dukes of Tang.

The names given in bold for emperors are temple names, the form by which Tang emperors were most commonly known (with the exception of Shangdi/Shaodi (殤帝 / 少帝), whose posthumous titles mean simply "died young" and "the young emperor", and Aidi (哀帝), also known as Zhaoxuan (昭宣), neither of whom were awarded temple names). It should be noted that the names of Xuanzong I (玄宗) and Xuanzong II (宣宗) are originally different in Mandarin Chinese, but are rendered the same in Pinyin English transliteration (once the tones have been removed).

Tang and Second Zhou dynasties

The Tang emperors claimed descent from people such as Li Guang and Laozi

| | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Yuan 李淵 566–635

Gaozu 高祖
618–6261| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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| | | | | | | | Li Jiancheng
李建成 589–626
Cr. Prince Yin 隱太子| | Li Shimin 李世民 598–649
Error creating thumbnail: Unable to save thumbnail to destination
Taizong 太宗
626–6492| | Li Yuanji 李元吉
603–626
Prince of Qi 齊王| | | | | | Wu Shihuo 武士彠
559–635
King Zhongxiao 忠孝王| | | |
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| | | | 1| | 3| | 4| | 8| | 9| | ZHOU DYNASTY| | | |
| | | | Li Chengqian
李承乾 619–645
Prince Min of
Hengshan 恆山愍王| | Li Ke 李恪
d. 653
Prince of Yulin 鬱林王| | Li Tai 李泰
618–652
Prince Gong
of Pu 濮恭王| | Li Zhen 李貞
d. 688
Prince Jing
of Yue 越敬王| | Li Zhi 李治 628–683

Gaozong 高宗
649–6833| | Wu Zhao 武曌 624–705
Wu Zetian 武則天
690–7051(6)| | | |

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | 1| | 4| | 5 (1)| | 6 (2)| | 7 (3)| | 8 (4)| | (6)
| | | | Li Zhong 李忠
643–665
Prince of Yan 燕王| | Li Sujie 李素節
646–690
Prince of Xu 許王| | Li Hong 李弘
652–675
Xiaojing 孝敬| | Li Xian
李賢 653–684
Cr. Prince Zhanghuai
章懷太子| | Li Xian 李顯 656–710

Zhongzong 中宗
684, 705–7104| | Li Dan 李旦 662–716

Ruizong 睿宗
684–690,
710–7125| | Princess Taiping
太平公主
665(?)–713
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2| | 1| | 2| | 3| | 4| | | | | | | 1| | 3
Li Shouli 李守礼
672–741
Cr. Prince Xima| | Li Chongrun
李重潤 682–701
Cr. Prince Yide
懿德太子| | Li Chongfu 李重福
680–710
Prince Qiao 譙王| | Li Chongjun 李重俊
d. 707
Cr. Prince Jiemin
節愍太子| | Li Chongmao 李重茂
695/698–714
Shangdi 殤帝
7107| | Li Guo'er 李裹兒
684(?)–710
Princess Anle
安樂公主| | Li Chengqi 李成器
679–742
Rangdi 讓帝| | Li Longji 李隆基 685–762

Xuanzong 玄宗
712–7568
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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1| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1| | 2| | 3| | 16
Li Chenghong
李承宏
Pr. of Guangwu 廣武王
Emperor in Chang'an
763| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Cong 李琮
d. 752
Fengtian 奉天| | Li Ying 李瑛
d. 737
Crown Prince| | Li Heng 李亨 711–762

Suzong 肅宗
756–7629| | Li Lin 李璘
d. 757
Prince of Yong 永王
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Yu 李豫 727–779

Daizong 代宗
762–77910| | Li Tan 李倓
d. 757
Chengtian 承天| | Li Guang
李僙 d. 791
Prince of Xiang
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1| | | | | | 1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Gua 李适 742–805

Dezong 德宗
779–80511| | | | | | Li Xuan 李宣
Prince of Yiwu
伊吾郡王
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Song 李誦 761–806
Shunzong 順宗
80512| | | | | | □
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Chun 李純 778–820

Xianzong 憲宗
805–82013| | | | | | Li Yun 李熅 d. 887
Prince of Xiang 襄王
Emperor in Chang'an
886–887
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| | | | | | | | Li Ning 李寧
793–812
Cr. Prince Huizhao| | Li Heng 李恆 795–824
Muzong 穆宗
820–82414| | Li Wu 李悟
d. 826
Prince of Jiàng 絳王| | Li Chen 李忱 810–859
Xuānzong 宣宗
846–85918| | | | | | | |
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1| | 2| | 3| | 4| | 5| | 1| | 5| | | |
Li Zhan 李湛 809–827
Jingzong 敬宗
824–82715| | Li Ang 李昂 809–840
Wenzong 文宗
827–84016| | Li Cou
李湊 d. 835
Cr. Prince Huaiyi | | Li Rong 李溶
812–840
Prince of An 安王| | Li Yan 李炎 814–846

Wuzong 武宗
840–84617| | Li Cui 李漼 833–873
Yizong 懿宗
859–87319| | Li Zi
李滋 d. 897
Prince of Tong 通王| | | |
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1| | | | | | | 1| | | | | | | | | | 5| | 7| | | |
Li Pu 李普 824–828
Cr. Prince Daohuai
悼懷太子| | Li Chengmei
李成美 d. 840
Prince of Chen 陳王| | Li Yong 李永 d. 838
Cr. Prince Zhuangke
莊恪太子| | | | | | | | | | Li Xuan 李儇 862–888
Xizong 僖宗
873–88820| | Li Yue 李曄 867–904
Zhaozong 昭宗
888–90421| | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Yu 李裕 d. 905
Prince of De 德王| | Li Zhu 李柷 892–908
Aidi 哀帝 or
Zhaoxuan 昭宣
904–90722| | | |

## Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period

The fifty years between the fall of the Tang dynasty and the establishment of the Song dynasty were a time of upheaval known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. During this period, five short-lived imperial dynasties ruled the heart of China, while a series of small independent kingdoms were established in the south.

### Later Liang

The Later Liang ruled between 907 and 923.

Later Liang

| | | Zhu Wen 朱溫 852–912

Taizu 太祖
907–912

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3| | 8
Zhu Yougui
朱友圭 d. 913
912–913| | Zhu Zhen 朱瑱 888–923
Modi 末帝
913–923

### Later Tang

The Later Tang ruled between 923 and 937.

Later Tang rulers

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| | | | | | | | Li Keyong
李克用 856–908| | Li Ni 李霓| | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | Li Cunxu
李存勖 885–926
Zhuangzong 莊宗
923–926| | Li Siyuan
李嗣源 867–933
Mingzong 明宗
926–933| | | | | | | |
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Li Congke
李從珂 885–937
Modi 末帝
934–937| | Li Congyi
李從益 931–947
Prince of Xu 許王| | Li Congrong
李從榮d. 933
Prince of Qin 秦王| | Li Conghou
李從厚 914–934
Mindi 愍帝
933–934| | Empress Li
d. 950| | Shi Jingtang 石敬瑭
Gaozu of
Later Jin 高祖
892–936–942
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Li Chongmei
李重美 d. 937
Prince of Yong 雍王| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Later Jin

The Later Jin ruled between 936 and 947.

Later Jin rulers family tree

| | | | | adopted| | | | | |

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Li Siyuan 李嗣源
Mingzong 明宗
of (Later) Tang
867–926–933| | | | | Shi Shaoyong
石紹雍| | |
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Empress Li
d. 950| | Shi Jingtang
石敬瑭 892–942
Gaozu
高祖 936–942| | | | Shi Jingru
石敬儒
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| | | | | | | | | | Shi Chonggui
石重貴 914–974
Chudi
出帝 942–947

### Later Han and Northern Han

The Later Han ruled between 947 and 951. Liu Min, brother of Emperor Gaozu the founder of the Later Han, established the Northern Han kingdom, which ruled the area north of the Chinese heartland until it was overrun by Emperor Taizong of Song in 979.

The family tree of the Later Han and Northern Han rulers

– Later Han emperors;  – Northern Han emperors

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | adopted| | | |

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Marriage| | | |
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| | | | Liu Tian 劉琠
Xianzu 显祖| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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Liu Zhiyuan 劉知遠 895–948
Gaozu 高祖
947–948| | | | | | Liu Min 劉旻 895–954
Shizu 世祖
951–954| | | | | | | | | | | |
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Liu Chengyou 劉承祐 931–951
Yindi 隱帝
948–951| | Liu Yun 劉贇
d.951; r.950| | Liu Jun 劉钧 926–968
Ruizong 睿宗
954–968| | Xue Zhao
薛钊| | Lady Liu
劉氏| | Mr. He

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liu Jien 劉继恩 d. 968
Shaozhu 少主
968| |  Liu Jiyuan 劉继元 d. 992
Yingwudi 英武帝
968–979|

### Later Zhou

The Later Zhou ruled between 951 and 960.

Later Zhou

| | | Mr. Chai 柴翁| | | | | |

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Chai Shouli
柴守礼 896–967| | Empress Shengmu
圣穆皇后| | Guo Wei 郭威 904–954
Taizu 太祖
951–954
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Chai Rong 柴榮 921–959
Shizong 世宗
954–959| | | | | | | |
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Chai Zongxun 柴宗训 953–973
Gongdi 恭帝
959–960| | | | | | | |

### Former Shu

Former Shu

| Wang Jian 王建 847–918
Gaozu 高祖
907–918

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Wang Yan 王衍 899–925
Houzhu 后主
918–925

### Later Shu

The Later Shu kingdom gained independence from the Later Tang in 934, remaining an independent state until conquered by the Song dynasty in 965.

Later Shu

| Li Keyong
李克用
856–908

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Lady Li
d. 932| | Meng Zhixiang
孟知祥 874–934
Gaozu 高祖
934| | Empress
Dowager Li
李太后d. 965
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| | | |  Meng Chang 孟昶 919–965
Houzhu 后主
934–965| | Consort Xu 徐惠妃 c. 940–976
Madame Huarui
花蕊夫人
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| | | | Meng Xuanzhe
孟玄喆 937–991
Duke of Teng 滕國公

### Wu and Southern Tang

The Wu kingdom existed as an independent state 907–937. In 937 Li Bian (also known as Xu Zhigao), at one point an adopted son of Yang Xingmi and later the adopted son of the paramount general Xu Wen, usurped power and established the Southern Tang kingdom, which remained an independent state until conquered by the Song dynasty in 975.

Southern Tang and Wu

– Wu emperors;  – Southern Tang emperors

| | | | | | | | |  Yang Xingmi
杨行密 874–905
Taizu 太祖 902–905| |  Xu Wen
徐溫 862–927
Yizu 義祖| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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Yang Wo
杨渥 886–908
Liezu 烈祖
(905–)907–908| |  Yang Longyan
897–920
Gaozu 高祖
908–920| |  Yang Pu
杨溥 900–938
Ruidi 睿帝
920–937| |  Li Bian
李昪 888–943
Liezu 烈祖
937–943| |  Xú Zhīxùn
(elder)
徐知訓 d. 918| |  Xú Zhīxùn
徐知詢 d. 934
Kang of Donghai
東海康王| | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | |  Yang Lian
杨琏 d. 940
Jing of Hongnong
弘農靖王| |  Princess
Yongxing
永兴公主
917–940| |  Princess
Shangrao
上饶公主 d. 937| |  Xu Jingqian
徐景遷 919–937
Ding of Chu 楚定王| |  Li Jing
李璟 916–961
Yuanzong 元宗
943–961| |  Li Jingsui
李景遂 920–958
Cr. Prince Wencheng
文成太弟| |  Li Jingda
李景達 924–971
Cr. Prince Zhaoxiao
昭孝太弟

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Li Yu 李煜 937–978
Houzhu 后主
961–975| | | | | | | |

### Wuyue

Rulers family tree

| | | | | | | Qian Liu
錢鏐 850–932
Taìzǔ (太祖)
r. 907–9321| | | | | |

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| | | | | | Qian Yuanguan
錢元瓘 887–941
Shìzōng (世宗)
r. 932–9412| | | | | |
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Qian Hongzun
錢弘僔
925–940| | Qian Hongzuo
錢弘佐 928–947
Chéngzōng (成宗)
r. 941–9473| | Qián Zōng 錢倧
928–971
r. 9474| | Qian Chu
錢俶 929–988
Zhongyi (忠懿王)
r. 947–9785

### Min

Min

| | | | | Wang Nin 王恁

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Wang Chao 王潮
b. 846–d. 898| | Wang Shenzhi 王審知 b. 862–d. 925
Tàizǔ 太祖
r. 909–925 | | Wang Shengui
王審邽
b. 858–d. 904
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Wang Yanhan 王延翰
r. 925–926; d. 927| | Wang Yanjun 王延鈞 d. 935
Huìzōng 惠宗
r. 927–935| | Wang Yanxi 王延羲 d. 944
Jǐngzōng (景宗)
r. 939–944| | Wang Yanzheng 王延政 d. 951
Tiande (天德帝)
r. 943–945
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| | | | Wang Jipeng 王繼鵬 d. 939
Kāngzōng (康宗)
r. 935–939

### Chu

Chu

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |  Ma Yin 馬殷 (b. 853–d. 930)
Wumu 楚武穆王
r. 907–930| | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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Ma Xizhen 馬希振| | Ma Xisheng
馬希聲 899–932
r. 930–932| | Ma Xifan 馬希範 (899–947)
Wénzhāo 文昭
r. 932–947| | Ma Xiwang
馬希旺 d. ~933| | Ma Xigao
馬希杲 d. 945| | Mǎ Xī'è
馬希萼
r. 950–951| | Mǎ Xīchóng
馬希崇 b.912
r. 950–951| | Mǎ Xīguǎng
馬希廣 d.950
r. 947–950
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Mǎ Guānghuì
马光惠| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

### Southern Han

Southern Han

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liu Zhiqian
劉知謙 (d. 894)

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| | | | Liu Yin 劉隱
b. 874–d. 911| | | | | | | | Liu Yan 劉龑 889–942
Gaozu 高祖
r. 917–942| | | | Liu Tai 劉台
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Emperor
Huizong of Min| | Liu Hua 劉華
b. 896–d. 930| |  Liu Hongchang
劉弘昌 d. 944
Prince of Yue 越王| | Liu Bin 劉玢 920–943
Shāng 殤皇
r. 942–943| | Liu Sheng 劉晟 920–958
Zhongzong
r. 943–958 | |  Liu Honggao
劉弘杲 d. 943
Prince of Xun 循王
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liu Chang 劉鋹
942–980
r. 958–971

### Jingnan

Rulers family tree

| | | Gao Jixing 高季興 b. 858–d. 929
Wǔxìng 武信
r. 924–928

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| | Gao Conghui 高從誨 891–948
Wénxiàn 文獻
r. 928–948
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Gao Baoxu 高保勗 924–962
Zhenan 貞安王
r. 960–962| | Gao Baorong 高保融 920–960
Zhenyi 貞懿王
r. 948–960
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| | | | Gao Jichong 高繼沖 943–973
Deren 德仁王
r. 962–963

## Song dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Song dynasty, which ruled China between 960 and 1279. The names given are temple names, the form by which Song Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Bing, who is simply known by his given name). The Song dynasty is often divided into the Northern Song (960–1127), which ended when the Song lost control of Northern China to the Jin dynasty, and the Southern Song (1127–1279).

Song dynasty

– Northern Song emperors
– Southern Song emperors

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## Northern Border Empires

### Liao dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Liao dynasty, which ruled much of northern China between 907 and 1125. The names given are temple names, the form by which Liao Emperors are most commonly known (with the exception of the last emperor, Tianzuodi, who was not awarded a temple name).

Yelü clan - Liao dynasty

* – Liao dynasty emperors
* – Dongdan Kingdom rulers

* – Northern Liao rulers
* – Qara Khitai rulers

* – Tribal leaders

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| | | | | | | |  Yelü Nieli 耶律涅里 | | | | | | | | | | | |

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| | | | | | | |  Yelü Pidie 耶律毗牒 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | |  Yelü Keling 耶律頦領 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | |  Yelü Noulisi 耶律耨里思
Suzu 肅祖 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | |  Yelü Salade 耶律薩剌德
Yizu 辽懿祖 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | |  Yelü Yundeshi
耶律勻德實
Xuanzu 辽玄祖 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | |  Yelü Saladi 耶律撤剌的
Dezu 辽德祖 | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | Yelü Abaoji 耶律阿保機
Taizu 太祖
872–907–926| |  Yelü Anduan
耶律安端
?–947–952| | | | | | | |
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Yelü Bei 耶律倍
Yizong 辽义宗
899–926-
930–937| | Queen Xiao
of Dongdan Kingdom
人皇王妃萧氏
?–930–940| | Yelü Deguang 耶律德光
Taizong 太宗
902–926–947| | Yelü Lihu 耶律李胡
911–960
Zhangsudi 辽章肃帝
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Yelü Ruan 耶律阮
Shizong 世宗
918–947–951| | | | | | Yelü Jing 耶律璟
Muzong 穆宗
931–951–969| | | | | | □| | | |
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Yelü Xian 耶律賢
Jingzong 景宗
948–969–982| | | | | | | | | | | | | | □| | | |
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Yelü Longxu 耶律隆緒
Shengzong 聖宗
971–982–1031| | | | | | | | | | | | | | □| | | |
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Yelü Zongzhen
耶律宗真
Xingzong 興宗
1015–1031–1055| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liáo sì
Yuándì 辽嗣元帝| | | |
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Yelü Hongji 耶律洪基
Daozong 道宗
1032–1055–1101| |  Yelü Hélǔwò 耶律和魯斡
仁圣皇太叔
?–1110| | | | | | Yelü Āliǎn 耶律阿璉
?–1087| | □| | | |
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Yelü Jun 耶律浚
1057–1077
Shunzong 顺宗| |  Yelü Chun 耶律淳
Xuanzong 宣宗
1062–1122| | Empress Dowager
Xiao Puxiannü
蕭普賢女 ?–1122| |  Yelü Zhulie 耶律朮烈
Yingzong 英宗
?–1123| | Yelü Dashi 耶律大石
Dezong 德宗
1087–1124–1143| | Xiao Tabuyan 蕭塔不煙
Empress Gantian 感天皇后
?–1143–1150

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Yelü Yangxi 耶律延禧
1075–1128
Tianzuodi 天祚帝
1101–1125| | | | | | Empress Dowager
Xiao Feng
蕭德妃 ?–1122–1123| | | | | |  Yelü Yilie 耶律夷列
Renzong 仁宗
?–1150–1163| |  Yelü Pusuwan 耶律普速完
Empress Dowager
Chengtian 承天太后
?–1163–1178
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Yelü Yali 耶律雅里
1094–1123| | Yelü Ding
?–1122–1123| | | | | | | | | |  Yelü Zhilugu 耶律直魯古
Mozhu 末主 / Modi 末帝
?–1178–1211–1213| |  Taibuqa
Tayang Khan of Naimans
?–1211
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Princess Húnhū
渾忽公主| |  Küçlüg 屈出律
Usurper of Qara Khitai
?–1211–1218

### Jin dynasty

The following is a simplified family tree for the Jin dynasty. Arising from a family of Jurchen chieftains (whose years of rule are given in brackets), the dynasty was declared by Aguda in 1115; in 1125 his successor Wuqimai conquered the Liao dynasty. The Jin ruled much of northern China until their conquest by the Mongol Empire 1234. They were the ancestors of the Qing dynasty, which was initially named the Later Jin in recognition of this heritage. The names given are temple names, the form by which Jin emperors are most commonly known (with the exceptions of the Prince of Hailing, Prince Shao of Wei and Emperor Mo; these are posthumous names, as temple names were not awarded).

Emperors family tree

| | | | | | | | | Hanpu 函普
Shizu 始祖| | | | | | | |

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| | | | | | | | Wulu 烏魯
Emperor De 德皇帝| | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | Bahai 跋海
Emperor An 安皇帝| | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | Suike 綏可
Xianzu 獻祖| | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | Shilu 石魯
Zhaozu 昭祖| | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | Wugunai 烏骨迺
Jingzu 景祖
~1050–1021–1074| | | | | | | |
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Helibo 劾里缽
Shizu 世祖
1039–1074–1092| | Polashu 頗刺淑
Suzong 肅宗
1042–1092–1094| | Yingge 盈歌
Muzong 穆宗
1053–1094–1103| | | | | | Hezhe

d. 1121
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Wuyashu 烏雅束
Kangzong 康宗
1061–1103–1113| | Aguda 阿骨打
Taizu 太祖
1068–(1113)1115–1123| | Wuqimai 吳乞買
Taizong 太宗
1075–1123–1135| | □| | Sagai

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Wanyan Zongjun 完顏宗峻 d. 1124
Huizong 徽宗| | Wanyan Zonggan 完顏宗幹 d. 1141
Dezong 德宗| | Wanyan Zongfu 完顏宗輔
1096–1135
Ruizong 睿宗| | | | | | | Nianhan

1080–1136
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Hela 合剌
Xizong 熙宗
1119–1135–1149| | Wanyan Liang 完顏亮
Pr. of Hailing 海陵王
1122–1149–1161| | Wanyan Yong 完顏雍
Shizong 世宗
1123–1161–1189| | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Wanyan Yungong 完顏允恭
1146–1185
Xianzong 顯宗| | Wanyan Yongji 完顏永濟
Pr. Shao
of Wei 衛紹王
1168–1209–1213| | | | | | | | |
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Wanyan Jing 完顏璟
Zhangzong 章宗
1168–1190–1208| | Wanyan Xun 完顏珣
Xuanzong 宣宗
1163–1213–1223| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | Wanyan Shouxu 完顏守緒 1234
Aizong 哀宗
1198–1224–1234| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | Wanyan Chenglin 完顏承麟
Emperor Mo 末帝
r. 1234; d. 1234| | | |

### Western Xia and Dingnan Jiedushi

The following is a family tree of the military governor (Jiedushi) of Dingnan Circuit, the region that eventually evolved into the independent state of Western Xia, that existed between 1038 and 1227, followed by the family tree of the Western Xia emperors.

The Tuoba clan of the Xianbei of Tuyuhun founded the Western Xia. After the Tibetans destroyed the Tuyuhun in 670, its famous prince, Tuoba Chici, who controlled the Dangxiang Qiang submitted to the Tang, which "bestowed" upon him the royal name of Li (李). Towards the end of the Tang, the Tuoba brought troops to suppress the Huang Chao Rebellion (874–884) on behalf of the Tang court and took control of the Xia State, or Xia Zhou, in northern Shaanxi in 881. After the Tang fell in 907, the Tuoba descendants formally declared resistance against the expanding Northern Song in 982 and proclaimed independence to establish the Western Xia in 1038.

The foundation of Western Xia goes back to the year 982 under Li Jiqian. However, only in 1038 did the Tangut chieftain Li Yuanhao (son of Li Deming, named himself emperor of Da Xia and demanded the Song emperor recognise him as an equal. The Song court recognised Li Yuanhao as governor but not as "emperor", a title it regarded as exclusive to the Song emperor. After intense diplomatic contacts, in 1043 the Tangut state accepted the recognition of the Song emperor as emperor in exchange for annual gifts, which implied tacit recognition on the part of the Song of the military power of the Tanguts.

Family tree of the Western Xia emperors and the rulers of Dingnan

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Dai state
ancestor?
(family)| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li/Tuoba Chici
李/拓跋赤辭
?–?–634–?| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tuoba Chongjian
拓跋重建| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | Li Sijing
李思敬| | | Li/Tuoba Sigong
李/拓跋思恭
?v881–886| | Li Siyao
李思瑶| | Li Sixiao
李思孝| | Li Sijian
李思諫
?–895–896–908| | Li Sizhong
李思忠| | | | | | | |
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Li Renyou
李仁祐| | Li Chengqing
李成庆
896–?| | | | | | | | | | Li Renfu
李仁福
?–909–931| | | | | | | | | | □| | Li Renyan
李仁颜| | | | | | | |
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Li Yiyun
李彝氲| | Li Yixing
李彝興
?–935–967| | Li Yichao
李彝超
?–933–935| | Li Yiwen
李彝温| | Li Yimin
李彝敏
d. 943| | Li Yijin
李彝谨| | Li Yijun
李彝俊| | Li Yichang
李彝昌
?–908–909/910| | Li Yijing
李彝景| | | | | | | |
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Li Kexian
李克宪| | Li Guangmei
李光美| | | Li Guangsui
李光遂| | Li Kerui
李克睿
935–967–978| | Li Kexin
李克信| | | | | | | Li Guanglian
李光琏| | Li Guangyi
李光义| | Li Guangyan
李光俨| | | | | | | |
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Li Guangpu
李光普| | Li Guangxin
李光新| | Li Kewen
李克文| | Li Jiyun
李继筠
957–978–979| | Li Jipeng 李继捧
957–980–982
–988–994–1004| | Li Guangxiu
李光琇| | Li Guanglin
李光璘| | Li Guangcong
李光琮| | Li Jiqian
李繼遷
963–982–1004| | Li Jichong| | Li Jiyuan
李继瑗
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liyongge
李永哥| | Li Pilu
李丕禄| | | | | | | | | | Li Deming
李德明
981–1004–1032| | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Yuanhao 李元昊
1003–1048
Jingzong
r. 1038–10481| | Li Chengyu
李成遇| | Li Chengwei| | | | | | | |
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| | | | 嵬名锡狸| | 嵬名阿哩| | 嵬名寧明| | 嵬名寧令哥| | □| | Li Liangzuo 李諒祚
(1047–1068)
Yizong
r. 1048–10682| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Bingchang 李秉常
1061–1086
Huizong
嵬名秉常
r. 1068–10863| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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(1084–1139)
Chongzong
r. 1086–11394| | 嵬名察哥| | | | | | | | | | | |
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(1124–1193)
Renzong 仁宗
r. 1139–11935| | Li Renyou
李仁友| | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Yanzong
李彦宗| | Li Chunyou 李純佑
(1177–1206)
Huanzong 桓宗
r. 1193–12066| | Li Anquan 李安全
1170–1211
Xiangzong 襄宗
r. 1206–12117| | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Zunxu 李遵頊
(1163–1226)
Shenzong 神宗
r. 1211–12238| | | | | | 嵬名承祯| | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Deren
李德任| | Li Dewang 李德旺
(1181–1226)
Xianzong 獻宗
r. 1223–12269| | 清平郡王| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
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| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Li Xian 李睍
(d. 1227)
Modi/
Mozhu
r. 1226–122710| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Notes:

## Notes and references

* Drompp, Michael Robert (2005). Tang China and the collapse of the Uighur Empire: a documentary history. Volume 13 of Brill's Inner Asian library (illustrated ed.). BRILL. ISBN 9004141294. https://books.google.com/books?id=NB6DEdAxLOsC. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
* Latourette, Kenneth Scott (1934). The Chinese: their history and culture, Volume 1 (2 ed.). Macmillan. https://books.google.com/books?id=ultxAAAAMAAJ. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
* Victor H. Mair; Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt; Paul Rakita Goldin (2005). Hawai'i reader in traditional Chinese culture (illustrated ed.). University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824827856. https://books.google.com/books?id=XdouAQAAIAAJ. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
* Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1889). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Volume 21. Volume the Twenty-First. London: W. H. Allen & Co., 13, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall: Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. https://books.google.com/books?id=0nyFAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved February 8, 2012.

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