Christian nationalism

Short description: Christianity-affiliated religious nationalism

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Christian nationalism is a type of religious nationalism that is affiliated with Christianity, which primarily focuses on the internal politics of society, such as legislating civil and criminal laws that reflect their view of Christianity and the role of religion in political and social life.[1]

In countries with a state church, Christian nationalists seek to preserve the status of a Christian state by holding an antidisestablishmentarian position to perpetuate the Church in national politics.[2][3][4]

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Christian nationalism supports the presence of Christian symbols and idols in the public square, and state patronage for the practice and display of religion, such as school prayer and the exhibition of nativity scenes during Christmastide, and the Christian Cross on Good Friday.[5][6] Christian nationalism draws political support from the broader Christian right of the political spectrum of a country.[7]

## Contents

* 1 By country
* 1.1 Canada
* 1.2 Russia
* 1.3 Scotland
* 1.4 United States
* 1.4.1 January 6 and beyond
* 1.4.1.1 Criticisms of significance
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading
* 5 External links

## By country

### Canada

The COVID-19 pandemic saw a rise in Christian nationalist activity with many groups using anti-lockdown sentiments to expand their reach to more people.[8] The group Liberty Coalition Canada has garnered support from many elected politicians across Canada.[9] In their founding documents they argue that "it is only in Christianized nations that religious freedom has ever flourished."[10] This group has garnered support from various groups, including supporters of far-right hate groups. Their rallies have attracted the support of Alex Jones and Canada First, a spin-off of Nick Fuentes' group America First.[11] Many of Liberty Coalition Canada's leaders are pastors who have racked up millions in potential fines for violating COVID protocols and in many cases express ultra-conservative views.[12]

### Russia

President of Russia Vladimir Putin has been described as a global leader of the Christian nationalist and Christian right movements.[13] As President, Putin has increased the power of the Russian Orthodox Church and proclaimed his staunch belief in Eastern Orthodoxy,[14] as well as maintaining close contacts with Patriarchs of Moscow and all Rus' Alexy II and Kirill.

The Russian Imperial Movement is a prominent neo-Nazi Christian nationalist group that trains militants all over Europe and has recruited thousands of fighters for its paramilitary group, the Imperial Legion, which is participating in the war on Ukraine. The group also works with the Atomwaffen Division in order to network with and recruit extremists from the United States.[15][16]

### Scotland

In Scotland UK, the Scottish Family Party has been described as Christian nationalist. The party was formed as a push back movement, based on a rejection of LGBT+ topics being taught in schools, with the political party claiming it to be an overly sexualized topic and ideology. They believe it to be an attack on traditional Christian family values, promoted by the current Scottish government.[citation needed]

### United States

A monument of the Ten Commandments at the Texas State Capitol

The Christian Liberty Party and the American Redoubt movement ― both organized and inspired by members of the Constitution Party ― are early 21st century examples of political tendencies which are rooted in Christian nationalism, with the latter advocating a degree of separatism.[17][18] The New Columbia Movement is an organization in the United States that identifies as being aligned with Christian nationalism.[19][20] Christian nationalists believe that the US is meant to be a Christian nation and want to "take back" the US for God.[21][22]

Author Bradley Onishi has described this theologically-infused political ideology as a "national renewal project that envisions a pure American body that is heterosexual, white, native-born, that speaks English as a first language, and that is thoroughly patriarchal."[18] Experts say that Christian-associated support for right-wing politicians and social policies, such as legislation which is related to immigration, gun control and poverty is best understood as Christian nationalism, rather than evangelicalism per se.[21][23] Some studies of white evangelicals show that, among people who self-identify as evangelical Christians, the more they attend church, the more they pray, and the more they read the Bible, the less support they have for nationalist (though not socially conservative) policies.[23] Non-nationalistic evangelicals ideologically agree with Christian nationalists in areas such as patriarchal policies, gender roles, and sexuality.[23]

A study which was conducted in May 2022 showed that the strongest base of support for Christian nationalism comes from Republicans who identify as Evangelical or born again Christians.[24][25] Of this demographic group, 78% are in favor of formally declaring that the United States should be a Christian nation, versus only 48% of Republicans overall. Age is also a factor, with over 70% of Republicans from the Baby Boomer and Silent Generations supporting the United States officially becoming a Christian nation. According to Politico, the polling also found that sentiments of white grievance are highly correlated with Christian nationalism: "White respondents who say that members of their race have faced more discrimination than others are most likely to embrace a Christian America. Roughly 59% of all Americans who say white people have been discriminated against ... favor declaring the U.S. a Christian nation, compared to 38% of all Americans."[24][26]

Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene has referred to herself as a Christian nationalist. Fellow congresswomen Lauren Boebert and Mary Miller have also expressed support for Christian nationalism.[27][28] Politician Doug Mastriano is a prominent figure in the fundamentalist Christian nationalist movement, and has called the separation of church and state a myth.[29][30]

Andrew Torba, the CEO of the alt-tech platform Gab, supported Mastriano's failed 2022 bid for office,[31] in order to build a grass-roots Christian nationalist political movement to help "take back" government power for "the glory of God"; he has argued that "unapologetic Christian Nationalism is what will save the United States of America".[32][33] Torba is also a proponent of the great replacement conspiracy theory, and he has said that "The best way to stop White genocide and White replacement, both of which are demonstrably and undeniably happening, is to get married to a White woman and have a lot of White babies".[32] White nationalist Nick Fuentes has also expressed support for Christian nationalism.[34][35]

Author Katherine Stewart has called the combined ideology and political movement of Christian nationalism "an organized quest for power" and she says that Florida governor Ron DeSantis has identified with and promoted this system of values in order to gain votes in his bid for political advancement.[36] According to the Tampa Bay Times, DeSantis has also promoted a civics course for educators, which emphasized the belief that "the nation's founders did not desire a strict separation of state and church"; the teacher training program also "pushed a judicial theory, favored by legal conservatives like DeSantis, that requires people to interpret the Constitution as the framers intended it, not as a living, evolving document".[37][38][39][25]

Some Christian nationalists also engage in spiritual warfare and they say militarized forms of prayers in order to defend and advance their beliefs and political agenda.[40] According to American Studies professor S. Jonathon O'Donnell: "A key idea in spiritual warfare is that demons don't only attack people, as in depictions of demonic possession, but also take control of places and institutions, such as journalism, academia, and both municipal and federal bureaucracies. By doing so, demons are framed as advancing social projects that spiritual warriors see as opposing God's plans. These include advances in reproductive and LGBTQ rights and tolerance for non-Christian religions (especially Islam)."[41]

#### January 6 and beyond

In the wake of the January 6 attack on the Capitol, the term "Christian nationalism" has become synonymous with white Christian identity politics, a belief system that asserts itself as an integral part of American identity overall.[32][42] The New York Times notes that historically, "Christian nationalism in America has ... encompassed extremist ideologies".[32][43] Critics have argued that Christian nationalism promotes racist tendencies, male violence, anti-democratic sentiment, and revisionist history.[44][45] Christian nationalism in the United States is also linked to political opposition to gun control laws and strong cultural support for interpretations of the Second Amendment that protect the right of individuals to keep and bear arms.[46]

Political analyst Jared Yates Sexton has said: "Republicans recognize that QAnon and Christian nationalism are invaluable tools" and that these belief systems "legitimize antidemocratic actions, political violence, and widespread oppression", which he calls an "incredible threat" that extends beyond Trumpism.[47]

##### Criticisms of significance

Responding to media analysis about the effects of Trumpism and Christian nationalism following the 2020 presidential election, Professor Daniel Strand, writing for The American Conservative, said that there was a "superficially Christian presence at the January 6 protest" and he criticized claims that Christian nationalism played a central role in the attack on the Capitol. He cited a University of Chicago study which found that "those arrested on January 6 were motivated by the belief that the election was stolen and [influenced by] what they call 'the great replacement' " theory. Strand says the study failed to mention "any explicit religious motivation, let alone theological beliefs about America being a Christian nation".[48][49]

## See also

* Alt-right
* Antisemitism in Christianity
* Black Hebrew Israelites
* British Israelism
* Christian Defense League
* Christian democracy
* Christian fascism
* Christian Front (United States)
* Christian fundamentalism
* Christian Identity
* Christianity and violence
* Christian Nationalist Crusade
* Christian reconstructionism
* Christian right
* Christian state
* Christian terrorism
* Christian theology
* Christian values
* Christian Zionism
* Clerical fascism
* Dominion theology
* Evangelical deconstruction
* Exvangelical
* French Israelism
* German Christians (movement)
* Groups claiming affiliation with Israelites
* Hindutva
* History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance
* Kahanism
* Kinism
* Muscular Christianity
* National church
* Nationalist terrorism
* Nordic Israelism
* Pan-Islamism
* Philippine Independent Church
* Positive Christianity
* Racial views of Donald Trump
* Religious terrorism
* Religious violence
* Right-wing terrorism
* Role of Christianity in civilization
* Seven Mountain Mandate
* Theocracy
* Theonomy
* The Trump Prophecy

## References

1. ↑ Baker, Joseph O., ed (Winter 2021). "Save the Economy, Liberty, and Yourself: Christian Nationalism and Americans' Views on Government COVID-19 Restrictions". Sociology of Religion (Oxford and New York City: Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association for the Sociology of Religion) 82 (4): 426–446. doi:10.1093/socrel/sraa047. ISSN 1759-8818.
2. ↑ Bloomberg, Charles (1989). Christian Nationalism and the Rise of the Afrikaner Broederbond in South Africa, 1918-48. New York City: Springer. p. xxiii-11. ISBN 978-1-349-10694-3.
3. ↑ Jenkins, Jack (2 August 2019). "Christian leaders condemn Christian nationalism in new letter". Religion News Service. https://religionnews.com/2019/08/02/christian-leaders-condemn-christian-nationalism-in-new-letter/. "Christian nationalism demands Christianity be privileged by the State..."
4. ↑ Kymlicka, Will (19 April 2018). "Is there a Christian Pluralist Approach to Immigration?". Comment Magazine. https://comment.org/is-there-a-christian-pluralist-approach-to-immigration/. "As against both Christian nationalists who wanted an established church and French-republican-style secular nationalists who wanted a homogenous public square devoid of religion, Dutch pluralists led by Kuyper defended a model of institutional pluralism or "sphere sovereignty.""
5. ↑ Perry, Samuel L.; Whitehead, Andrew L. (2020). Taking America Back for God: Christian Nationalism in the United States. Oxford and New York City: Oxford University Press. pp. 7–10. ISBN 978-0-19-005789-3.
6. ↑ Bean, Lydia (2016). The Politics of Evangelical Identity: Local Churches and Partisan Divides in the United States and Canada. Princeton, New Jersey and Woodstock, Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press. p. 152. ISBN 978-0-691-17370-2.
7. ↑ Greenberg, Udi (22 October 2019). "Can Christian Democracy Save Us?". Boston Review. http://bostonreview.net/philosophy-religion/udi-greenberg-christian-democracy.
8. ↑ "COVID-19 conspiracy theories are spreading online like a virus. An inside look at a dangerous misinformation movement that's spilling into the real world" (in en). 22 July 2021. https://www.thestar.com/news/investigations/2021/07/22/how-covid-19-conspiracy-theories-are-spreading-online-like-a-virus.html.
9. ↑ "End the Lockdowns Caucus | Liberty Coalition Canada" (in en). https://www.libertycoalitioncanada.com/end-the-lockdown-caucus.
10. ↑ "FAQ" (in en). https://www.niagaradeclaration.ca/faq.
11. ↑ "Canada First Exposed: Months Inside One of Canada's Biggest, Youngest, and Newest White Supremacist Chatrooms" (in en). https://www.antihate.ca/canada_first_exposed_tyler_russell.
12. ↑ "Excommunicated Politicians Partner With Christian Nationalists In COVID Conspiracy Movement" (in en). https://www.antihate.ca/excommunicated_politicians_partner_with_christian_nationalists_in_covid_conspiracy_movement.
13. ↑ Michel, Casey (9 February 2017). "How Russia Became the Leader of the Global Christian Right". Politico. https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/02/how-russia-became-a-leader-of-the-worldwide-christian-right-214755/.
14. ↑ Paterson, Tom (9 November 2021). "Why Putin Goes to Church". https://www.thecambridgelanguagecollective.com/politics-and-society/why-putin-goes-to-church.
15. ↑ "Russian Imperial Movement (RIM)". Counter Extremism Project. 6 October 2022. https://www.counterextremism.com/threat/russian-imperial-movement-rim/report.
16. ↑ "Mapping Militant Organizations: Russian Imperial Movement". Stanford University. February 2021. https://cisac.fsi.stanford.edu/mappingmilitants/profiles/russian-imperial-movement.
17. ↑ McKeen, Leah A D, "Canadian Christian Nationalism?: The Religiosity and Politics of the Christian Heritage Party of Canada" (2015). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1740.
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Ward, Ian (January 27, 2023). "'There Is a Real Sense That the Apocalypse Is Coming'". https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2023/01/27/apocalypse-coming-christian-nationalism-00079317.
19. ↑ Downen, Robert (24 February 2023). "How Texas activists turned drag events into fodder for outrage" (in English). The Texas Tribune. https://www.texastribune.org/2023/02/24/texas-drag-protests-children/.
20. ↑ Joyce, Kathryn; Lorber, Ben (14 June 2022). "Self-Described "Christian Fascist" Movement is Trying to Sabotage LGBTQ Pride Month" (in en). Political Research Associates. https://politicalresearch.org/2022/06/14/self-described-christian-fascist-movement-trying-sabotage-lgbtq-pride-month.
21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Bailey, Sarah Pulliam (26 October 2020). "Seeking power in Jesus' name: Trump sparks a rise of Patriot Churches" (in en-US). Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/religion/2020/10/26/trump-christian-nationalism-patriot-church/.
22. ↑ Plett Usher, Barbara (December 17, 2022). "Christian nationalists - wanting to put God into US government". https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-63902626.
23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Sutton, Matthew Avery (16 July 2020). "The Truth About Trump's Evangelical Support". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. https://newrepublic.com/article/158539/truth-trumps-evangelical-support-sarah-posner-jesus-john-wayne-book-review.
24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Rouse, Stella; Telhami, Shibley (September 21, 2022). "Most Republicans Support Declaring the United States a Christian Nation". https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2022/09/21/most-republicans-support-declaring-the-united-states-a-christian-nation-00057736.
25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Nichols, John (September 23, 2022). "Republicans Are Ready to Declare the United States a Christian Nation". https://www.thenation.com/article/politics/republicans-christian-nation/.
26. ↑ Smietana, Bob (September 23, 2022). "78% of Republican evangelicals want U.S. declared a Christian nation". https://www.sltrib.com/religion/2022/09/23/78-republican-evangelicals-want/.
27. ↑ Tyler, Amanda (27 July 2022). "Opinion: Marjorie Taylor Greene's words on Christian nationalism are a wake-up call". CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/27/opinions/christian-nationalism-marjorie-taylor-greene-tyler/index.html. Retrieved 29 July 2022. ""We need to be the party of nationalism and I'm a Christian, and I say it proudly, we should be Christian nationalists," Greene said in an interview while she was attending the Turning Point USA Student Action Summit in Florida on Saturday. She is not alone in doing so. Greene's embrace of Christian nationalism follows closely after troubling remarks from Colorado Republican Rep. Lauren Boebert: "The church is supposed to direct the government, the government is not supposed to direct the church," she said at a church two days before her primary election (and victory) in late June. "I'm tired of this separation of church and state junk.""
28. ↑ @Miller_Congress (10 July 2022). "The "far-left atheist quest for power" has created a mental health crisis, a drug addiction crisis, a crime wave an…". https://twitter.com/Miller_Congress/status/1546223269124120579.
29. ↑ Dias, Elizabeth (July 8, 2022). "The Far-Right Christian Quest for Power: 'We Are Seeing Them Emboldened'". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/08/us/christian-nationalism-politicians.html. "Mr. Mastriano's ascension in Pennsylvania is perhaps the most prominent example of right-wing candidates for public office who explicitly aim to promote Christian power in America. The religious right has long supported conservative causes, but this current wave seeks more: a nation that actively prioritizes their particular set of Christian beliefs and far-right views ..."
30. ↑ Smith, Peter; Bharath, Deepa (May 29, 2022). "Christian nationalism on the rise in some GOP campaigns". Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-pennsylvania-religion-nationalism-8bf7a6115725f508a37ef944333bc145.
31. ↑ Trip, Gabriel (July 27, 2022). "Doug Mastriano Faces Criticism Over His Backing From Antisemitic Ally". https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/27/us/politics/doug-mastriano-gab.html.
32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 Dias, Elizabeth (July 8, 2022). "The Far-Right Christian Quest for Power: 'We Are Seeing Them Emboldened'". https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/08/us/christian-nationalism-politicians.html.
33. ↑ Stolberg, Sheryl Gay (November 22, 2022). "A Lasting Legacy of Covid: Far-Right Platforms Spreading Health Myths". https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/22/us/politics/covid-misinformation-gab.html.
34. ↑ Shah, Areeba (January 28, 2023). "'Groyper' guru Nick Fuentes returns to Twitter (briefly): Hateful content keeps flowing". https://www.salon.com/2023/01/28/groyper-guru-nick-fuentes-returns-to-twitter-briefly-hateful-content-keeps-flowing/. "Fuentes has repeatedly recited antisemitic tropes about alleged Jewish control of the media, and has called for embracing Christian nationalism as official policy in the United States."
35. ↑ "They Love Jesus, Bon Iver, and Incels. Inside America's New Ultranationalist Youth Movement". Vice.com. https://www.vice.com/en/article/epzgb4/groyper-young-christian-nationalists-movement. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
36. ↑ Blumenfeld, Dr. Warren J. (January 24, 2023). "Ron DeSantis promotes the 'purity culture' of Christian Nationalism". https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/01/ron-desantis-promotes-purity-culture-christian-nationalism/.
37. ↑ Ceballos, Ana; Brugal, Summer (June 28, 2022). "Some teachers alarmed by Florida civics training approach on religion, slavery". https://www.tampabay.com/news/florida-politics/2022/06/28/some-teachers-alarmed-by-florida-civics-training-approach-on-religion-slavery/. "A review of more than 200 pages of the state's presentations show that the founding fathers' intent and the 'misconceptions' about their thinking were a main theme of the training ... Several presentation slides emphasized that it was a 'misconception' that the 'Founders desired strict separation of church and state and the Founders only wanted to protect Freedom of worship.'"
38. ↑ Rozsa, Lori (July 2, 2022). "In trainings, Florida tells teachers that religion belongs in public life". Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/07/02/desantis-civics-separation-church-state/.
39. ↑ "Florida training program: "Misconception" that founders wanted separation of church and state" (in en). 2022-07-02. https://www.axios.com/2022/07/02/florida-desantis-civics-church-state-misconception.
40. ↑ McAlister, Elizabeth (2016-01-02). "The militarization of prayer in America: White and Native American spiritual warfare". Journal of Religious and Political Practice 2 (1): 114–130. doi:10.1080/20566093.2016.1085239. ISSN 2056-6093.
41. ↑ Kilgore, Ed (September 18, 2022). "Mixing Christianity With Nationalism Is a Recipe for Fascism". New York Magazine. https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/09/mixing-christianity-with-nationalism-is-a-recipe-for-fascism.html.
42. ↑ Dalsheim, Joyce; Starrett, Gregory (September 6, 2022). "Christian nationalism is getting written out of the story of January 6". https://theconversation.com/christian-nationalism-is-getting-written-out-of-the-story-of-january-6-189440.
43. ↑ Perry, Samuel (August 5, 2022). "After Trump, Christian nationalist ideas are going mainstream – despite a history of violence". https://theconversation.com/after-trump-christian-nationalist-ideas-are-going-mainstream-despite-a-history-of-violence-188055.
44. ↑ Jones, Sarah (2022-06-04). "White Christian Nationalism 'Is a Fundamental Threat to Democracy'" (in en-us). https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/06/white-christian-nationalism-is-a-threat-to-democracy.html. "Combining research with data analysis, Gorski and Perry argue that white Christian nationalists share a set of common anti-democratic beliefs and principles. 'These are beliefs that ... reflect a desire to restore and privilege the myths, values, identity, and authority of a particular ethnocultural tribe,' they write. 'These beliefs add up to a political vision that privileges the tribe. And they seek to put other tribes in their proper place'."
45. ↑ Blake, John (24 July 2022). "An 'imposter Christianity' is threatening American democracy". https://www.cnn.com/2022/07/24/us/white-christian-nationalism-blake-cec/index.html. ""That ends-justify-the means approach is a key part of White Christian nationalism, says Du Mez. It's why so many rallied behind former President Trump on January 6 ... But with few exceptions, White Christian nationalists do not accept this 'militant masculinity' when exhibited by Black, Middle Eastern and Latino men ... Aggression by people of color 'is seen as a threat to the stability of home and nation,' she writes.""
46. ↑ Perry, Samuel L. (May 25, 2022). "School Shootings Confirm That Guns Are the Religion of the Right". Time. https://time.com/6181342/school-shootings-christian-right-guns/. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
47. ↑ Conley, Julia (September 21, 2022). "Majority of Republican Voters Say US Should Be Declared a 'Christian Nation'". https://www.commondreams.org/news/2022/09/21/majority-republican-voters-say-us-should-be-declared-christian-nation.
48. ↑ Strand, Daniel (August 24, 2022). "'Christian Nationalism' Didn't Cause January 6". https://www.theamericanconservative.com/christian-nationalism-didnt-cause-january-6/.
49. ↑ Pape, Dr. Robert A.; Ruby, Dr. Kevin (July 22, 2022). "Understanding the Insurrectionist Movement: January 6 and Beyond". https://cpost.uchicago.edu/research/apv/insurrectionist_movement/.

## Further reading

* Andrew Whitehead and Samuel Perry (2020). Taking America Back for God: Christian Nationalism in the United States. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0190057886.
* Stephen Backhouse (7 July 2011). Kierkegaard's Critique of Christian Nationalism. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-960472-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=j4-Z67PqFMQC.
* Marci McDonald (11 May 2010). The Armageddon Factor: The Rise of Christian Nationalism in Canada. Random House of Canada. ISBN 978-0-307-36788-4. https://archive.org/details/armageddonfactor0000mcdo.
* Stausberg, Michael; Engler, Steven, eds (September 2020). "The deliverance of the administrative state: Deep state conspiracism, charismatic demonology, and the post-truth politics of American Christian nationalism". Religion (Taylor & Francis) 50 (4): 696–719. doi:10.1080/0048721X.2020.1810817. ISSN 1096-1151.
* Adele Oltman (1 January 2012). Sacred Mission, Worldly Ambition: Black Christian Nationalism in the Age of Jim Crow. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-4126-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_3Nz1eZxUkC.
* Charles Bloomberg (1989). Christian Nationalism and the Rise of the Afrikaner Broederbond in South Africa, 1918-48. Palgrave Macmillan UK. ISBN 978-1-349-10694-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=IMqvCwAAQBAJ.
* Matthew McCullough (20 August 2014). The Cross of War: Christian Nationalism and U.S. Expansion in the Spanish–American War. University of Wisconsin Pres. ISBN 978-0-299-30034-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=vwfxAwAAQBAJ.
* Shortle, Allyson F.; McDaniel, Eric L.; Nooruddin, Irfan. 2022.The Everyday Crusade: Christian Nationalism in American Politics. Cambridge University Press
* Michelle Goldberg (2007). Kingdom Coming: The Rise of Christian Nationalism. W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-32976-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=2sfEAQAACAAJ.
* Paul A. Hanebrink (2006). In Defense of Christian Hungary: Religion, Nationalism, and Antisemitism, 1890–1944. Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-4485-2. https://archive.org/details/indefenseofchris00hane.
* Walid Phares (January 1995). Lebanese Christian Nationalism: The Rise and Fall of an Ethnic Resistance. L. Rienner. ISBN 978-1-55587-535-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=SdhiQgAACAAJ.
* Clerical Fascism in Interwar Europe. Routledge. 2008. ISBN 9781317968993. https://books.google.com/books?id=KcfhAQAAQBAJ.
* Novak, Viktor (2011). Magnum Crimen: Half a Century of Clericalism in Croatia. 1. Jagodina: Gambit. ISBN 9788676240494. https://books.google.com/books?id=b1jyvQAACAAJ.
* Novak, Viktor (2011). Magnum Crimen: Half a Century of Clericalism in Croatia. 2. Jagodina: Gambit. ISBN 9788676240494. https://books.google.com/books?id=vF9GMwEACAAJ.

## External links

* Christian Nationalists of America
* "Michael Flynn's Holy War". October 18, 2022. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/michael-flynns-holy-war/.
* Minnesota lawmakers' 'Secular Government Caucus' will combat Christian nationalism

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Nationalism

Development|

* Anthem
* Colours
* Flag
* Flower
* Epic
* God
* Identity
* Language
* Music
* Myth
* Sport
* Symbol
* Treasure

By Type|

* Banal
* Blind
* Bolshevik
* Bourgeois
* Business
* Chauvinism
* Civic
* Constitutional patriotism
* Conservative
* Cyber-
* Constitutional patriotism
* Corporate
* Cultural
* Ecological
* Economic
* Ethnic
* Expansionist
* Fascism
* Palingenetic ultranationalism
* Homonationalism
* Integral
* Left-wing
* Communist
* Liberal
* Linguistic
* Mystic
* National-anarchism
* National syndicalism
* Nazism
* New
* Pan-
* Plurinationalism
* Neo-
* Queer
* Racial
* Arab
* Black
* Korean
* White
* Religious
* Christian
* Hindu
* Resource
* Revolutionary
* Romantic
* Technological
* Territorial
* Transnationalism
* Ultranationalism
* Zionism

Organizations|

* List of nationalist organizations
* Nationalist Clubs

Related concepts|

* Anationalism
* Anti-nationalism
* Diaspora politics
* Gender and nationalism
* Historiography and nationalism
* Internationalism
* Irredentism
* National Question
* Nationalist terrorism
* Postnationalism
* Revanchism

Portal

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Religion in politics

General concepts

* Anti-clericalism
* Anticlericalism and Freemasonry
* Caesaropapism
* Clericalism
* Clerical fascism
* Confessionalism
* Divine rule
* Engaged Spirituality
* Feminist theology
* Thealogy
* Womanist theology
* Identity politics
* Political religion
* Progressive Reconstructionism
* Religious anarchism
* Religious anti-Masonry
* Religious anti-Zionism
* Religious communism
* Religious humanism
* Religious law
* Religious nationalism
* Religious pacifism
* Religion and peacebuilding
* Religious police
* Religious rejection of politics
* Religious segregation
* Religious separatism
* Religious socialism
* Religious views on same-sex marriage
* Secularism
* Secular religion
* Separation of church and state
* Spiritual left
* State atheism
* State religion
* Theocracy
* Theonomy

Christianity and politics

* Blaine Amendment
* Christian anarchism
* Christian anti-communism
* Christian anti-Masonry
* Papal ban
* Christian anti-Zionism
* Christian communism
* Christian corporatism
* Christian democracy
* Christian egalitarianism
* Christian environmentalism
* Evangelical environmentalism
* Christian fascism
* German Christians
* National Catholicism
* Positive Christianity
* Protestant Reich Church
* Christian feminism
* Mormon feminism
* Christian humanism
* Christian law
* Christian left
* Evangelical left
* Christian libertarianism
* Christian pacifism
* Christian peacemaking
* Christian reconstructionism
* Christian republic
* Christian right
* Christian socialism
* In Utah
* Christian state
* Christian Zionism
* Cisalpinism
* Dominion Theology
* Febronianism
* Gallicanism
* Liberation theology
* Papal state
* Pillarisation
* Political Catholicism
* Relations between the Catholic Church and the state
* In Argentina
* Sphere sovereignty
* Subsidiarity
* Temporal power
* Theodemocracy
* Ultramontanism
* Neo-ultramontanism

Islam and politics

* Hui pan-nationalism
* Human Rights in Islam
* Imamate
* Islamic anarchism
* Islamic anti-Masonry
* Islamic anti-Zionism
* Islamic democracy
* Islamic fascism
* Islamic feminism
* Sharia law
* by country
* Islamic nationalism
* In Pakistan
* In South Asia
* Islamic pacifism
* Islamic republic
* Islamic socialism
* Islamic state
* Islamic Zionism
* Islamism
* Criticism
* Islamization
* Khilafat
* Petro-Islam
* Political quietism
* Taliban
* Talibanization
* Two-nation theory

Judaism and politics

* Halachic state
* Jewish anarchism
* Jewish anti-Zionism
* Haredim
* Jewish Autonomism
* Jewish democracy
* Jewish fascism
* Kahanism
* Revisionist Maximalism
* Jewish feminism
* Jewish law
* Jewish left
* Jewish pacifism
* Jewish political movements
* Jewish right
* Jewish secularism
* Jewish socialism
* Bundism
* Humanistic Judaism
* Poale Zion
* Religious Zionism
* World Agudath Israel

Hinduism and politics

* Akhand Bharat
* Hindu feminism
* Gandhism
* Hindu law
* Hindu modernism
* Hindu nationalism
* Hindutva
* Hindu Rashtra
* Panun Kashmir
* Bangabhumi
* Hindu revolution
* Hindu revivalism
* Hindu environmentalism
* Integral humanism
* Indigenous Aryans
* Rama Rajya
* Saffronisation
* Shuddhi
* Uniform civil code

Buddhism and politics

* Buddhists anti-communism
* Buddhist feminism
* Buddhist law
* Buddhist modernism
* Buddhist nationalism
* 969 Movement
* Nichirenism
* Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
* Buddhist socialism
* Engaged Buddhism
* Humanistic Buddhism
* Secular Buddhism

Other

* American civil religion
* Imperial cult
* Ancient Rome
* Gottgläubig
* Khalistan movement
* Neopaganist feminism
* Religious aspects of Nazism
* Creativity (religion)
* Nazi Satanism
* Personality cult
* State Shinto

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