Common Turkic languages

Short description: Classification of the Turkic language family

Common Turkic

Shaz Turkic
Geographic
distribution| Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, Western Asia, Central Asia, North Asia, East Asia
Linguistic classification| Turkic

* Common Turkic

Subdivisions|

* Oghuz
* Kipchak
* Karluk
* Siberian Turkic
* Arghu

Glottolog| comm1245[1]

Map of the distribution of Common Turkic Languages across Eurasia

Common Turkic, or Shaz Turkic, is a taxon in some classifications of the Turkic languages that includes all of them except the Oghuric languages which had diverged earlier.

## Contents

* 1 Classification
* 2 References
* 3 Literature
* 4 External links

## Classification

Lars Johanson's proposal contains the following subgroups:[2][3]

* Southwestern Common Turkic (Oghuz)
* Northwestern Common Turkic (Kipchak)
* Southeastern Common Turkic (Karluk)
* Northeastern Common Turkic (Siberian)
* Arghu (Khalaj)

In that classification scheme, Common Turkic is opposed to the Oghuric languages (Lir-Turkic). The Common Turkic languages are characterized by sound correspondences such as Common Turkic š versus Oghuric l and Common Turkic z versus Oghuric r.

Siberian Turkic is split into a "Central Siberian Turkic" and "North Siberian Turkic" branch within the classification presented in Glottolog v4.8.[4]

In other classification schemes (such as those of Alexander Samoylovich and Nikolay Baskakov), the internal classification is different.[5][6]

## References

1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Common Turkic". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/comm1245.
2. ↑ Lars Johanson (1998) The History of Turkic. In Lars Johanson & Éva Ágnes Csató (eds) The Turkic Languages. London, New York: Routledge, 81–125.
3. ↑ "turcologica". http://www.turkiclanguages.com/www/classification.html.
4. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10). Glottolog 4.8 - Common Turkic. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7398962. https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/comm1245. Retrieved 2023-09-21.
5. ↑ Samoylovich, Alexander (1922) (in ru). Nekotorye dopolneniya k klassifikatsii turetskikh yazykov. Petrograd: Rossiyskaya Gosudarstvennaya Akademicheskaya Tipografiya.
6. ↑ Baskakov, N.A.. "K voprosu o klassifikacii tyurkskikh yazykov" (in ru). Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Otedelenie Literatury I Yazyka 11 (2): 121–134.

## Literature

* Johanson, Lars & Éva Agnes Csató (ed.). 1998. The Turkic languages. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-08200-5.

## External links

* Turkic Languages: Resources – University of Michigan

* v
* t
* e

Turkic languages

Proto-language|

* Proto-Turkic

Common Turkic|

| Arghu|

* Khalaj

|

Karluk|

* Äynu1
* Ili Turki
* Uyghur
* Uzbek
* Extinct
* Middle Turkic
* Khorezmian
* Chagatai

Kipchak|

| Ponto-Caspian|

* Crimean Tatar
* Karachay-Balkar
* Karaim
* Krymchak
* Kumyk
* Urum
* Extinct
* Kipchak
* Cuman

|

Aralo-Caspian|

* Siberian Tatar
* Karakalpak
* Kazakh
* Kyrgyz
* Nogai
* Extinct
* Fergana Kipchak

Uralo-Caspian|

* Bashkir
* Tatar
* Extinct
* Old Tatar

Oghuz|

* Azerbaijani
* Gagauz
* Khorasani Turkic
* Qashqai
* Rumelian Turkish
* Salar
* Turkish
* Turkmen
* Extinct
* Pecheneg2
* Old Anatolian Turkish
* Ottoman Turkish

Siberian|

* Altai
* Chulym
* Dolgan
* Khakas
* Shor
* Tofa
* Tuvan
* Yakut
* Western Yugur2
* Extinct
* Orkhon Turkic
* Old Turkic
* Old Uyghur
* Fuyu Girgis
* Dukhan

Oghur|

* Chuvash
* Extinct
* Khazar2
* Bulgar

* 1 Mixed language.
* 2 Classification disputed.

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