Conservation technician

Indianapolis Museum of Art conservation technician, Laura Mosteller, documents the dimensions of a frame.

A conservation technician is a specialist in conservation methods pertaining to cultural property, and who may work in museums or public or private conservation organizations.[1][2] A technician may also work in conjunction with other collection staff, such as a registrar (museum) or collection manager.[3]

## Contents

* 1 Responsibilities
* 1.1 Emergency preparedness
* 2 Knowledge and skills
* 2.1 Knowledge and skill areas for Conservation Technicians
* 3 Education and training
* 4 Professional organizations
* 5 Ethics
* 6 Related positions
* 7 See also
* 8 References
* 9 External links

## Responsibilities

A conservation technician may have a broad range of responsibilities. They may be required to create housing for objects going on exhibit or update documentation on the status of an object. Other responsibilities may include conducting tests, assessing the condition of an object and helping set up exhibits. Some types of responsibilities are dependent on the museum the technician works. In a large organization a conservation technician may conduct one specific activity, such as sampling paint layers. In other museums a conservation technician may be required to conduct a wide variety of tasks, such as research, labeling objects, monitoring environmental conditions and examining works of art.[4] For example, a technician may be asked to examine and document a newly acquired cultural object. They may document the type of materials used in the object as well as any observed degradation to the object. Additionally, the technician will document previous restoration techniques to the object.

While a conservation technician supports the activities of the conservation department, they can also assist and collaborate with the functions of other departments, such as the collection management department within a museum. In this capacity, a technician may assist collections staff to create packing crates, take photographs to document an object or document evidence of any pests.[5]

### Emergency preparedness

Mitigating and preparing for emergencies is an especially important task for conservation technicians and all conservation staff. Protecting cultural objects from fire, smoke and water damage can be particularly difficult. To ensure objects are kept as safe as possible, technician responsibilities may range from collecting appropriate equipment and supplies to creating the emergency plan. After the emergency responsibilities may include conducting conservation treatment as needed.[6]

Indianapolis Museum of Art conservation technician, Laura Mosteller, examines an artwork under a binocular microscope.

## Knowledge and skills

The knowledge and skills a conservation technician must have is as varied as their responsibilities. According to the AIC’s Requisite Competencies for Conservation Technicians and Collection Care Specialists, some of the areas technicians should be generally knowledgeable about include collection management, conservation assessment, research, data collection, examination, the environment and treatment. The AIC list the following knowledge areas as being the most applicable for conservation technicians.

Skills technicians should have include database management, documentation techniques, emergency response techniques, laboratory techniques, such as conducting the Oddy test, and treatment techniques. Similar to the knowledge areas, the AIC also lists the most applicable skills for a conservation technician.[7]

### Knowledge and skill areas for Conservation Technicians

Knowledge [8] | Skills

|

Collections Management  | Communication Techniques
Conservation Assessment  | Cosmetic Reintegration Techniques
Conservation, History, Ethics, Philosophies, and Goals  | Database Management Techniques
Conservation Research  | Documentation Techniques
Conservation Terminology  | Education and Training Techniques
Data Collection  | Emergency Response Techniques
Deterioration Processes  | Graphic Illustration Techniques
Documentation  | Handling Techniques
Emergency Preparedness  | Health and Safety Techniques
Environment  | Housekeeping Techniques
Examination  | Housing Techniques
Exhibition  | Instrumental Techniques
Health and Safety  | Laboratory Techniques
Housekeeping  | Mending Techniques
Laboratory and Studio Maintenance  | Mount-making Techniques
Management  | Organizational Techniques
Materials Properties/Conservation Chemistry  | Photography Techniques
Pest Management  | Stabilization Techniques
Preventive Care  | Superficial Cleaning Techniques
Treatment  | Technical Examination Techniques
| Treatment Techniques

## Education and training

In the U.S., there is no specific training or nationally recognized curriculum to become a conservation technician.[9] Hands-on training is typically completed through internships, on the job training and mentorships. Most museums and conservation organizations require a B.A. or B.S. degree. Thus, it is beneficial to take subjects focusing on art history and civilizations as well as biology and chemistry. Individuals will also benefit from volunteering and interning at museums to acquire the appropriate skills. To be hired, some museums require at least two to five years experience.

The U.K. also does not have formalized training for conservation technicians. However, the Institute of Conservation (ICON) sponsors a Conservation Technician Qualification (CTQ), which some U.K. museums recognize. The CTQ is promoted as a way for individuals to gain training through paid or unpaid host organizations. There is no formal structure to this program; however, there are ongoing assessments looking at the progress of the individual. Furthermore, a mentor is assigned to the individual to help guide and instruct. The program is designed to help individuals gain experience and then be able to progress into conservation work or other areas.[10]

## Professional organizations

There are a number of professional organizations available to conservation technicians. These organizations help promote the professional standards and interests of the conservation profession.

* American Institute of Conservation (AIC)
* Canadian Association for Conservation of Cultural Property (CAC)
* The Institute of Conservation (ICON)
* The Australian Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Material (AICCM)

## Ethics

A conservation technician repairing a Japanese scroll box.

Several organizations around the globe have created guidelines for the ethical care of cultural objects. The AIC created the Code of Ethics and ICON created the Professional Guidelines.[11] Both of these documents guide how conservators and others in the collection management field handle and respect the objects in a collection. When an object is accessioned into a collection or moved to an exhibit or sent out on loan, it requires documenting to update the conservator and collection management staff on the object’s current status. This act of documentation is a consistent theme in several of the tenets of the code. Essentially, the guidelines promote an environment of respect and honesty to ensure the objects will be preserved for the future.[12]

The AIC has an additional document called the Guidelines for Practice that supports and complements the Code of Ethics. The guidelines pertain to professional conduct, examination and scientific investigation, preventive conservation, treatment, documentation, and emergency situations. With regard to examination and scientific investigation the guidelines expect conservators and technicians to understand the justification for the examination, the reasoning for sampling, testing and subsequent interpretation.[13]

## Related positions

* Collection manager
* Conservation scientist
* Conservator
* Curator
* Mount maker
* Objects conservator
* Paintings conservator
* Registrar (museum)

## See also

* Conservation and restoration of cultural property

## References

1. ↑ Icon Conservation Technician Qualification: Handbook Part 1 - Introduction and Guidance (2014). Institute of Conservation London, U.K. Retrieved from: http://www.icon.org.uk/images/CTQ Handbook.docx
2. ↑ The Conservator-Restorer: a Definition of the Profession (2010). International Council of Museums London, U.K. Retrieved from: http://icom.museum/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/professions/Theconservator-restorer.pdf
3. ↑ ECS Conservation. (2014). Conservation Technician. Retrieved from: http://www.ecsconservation.com/resources/terminology/
4. ↑ Requisite Competencies for Conservation Technicians and Collection Care Specialists (2005). American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works Washington, D.C. Retrieved from: http://www.conservation-us.org/docs/default-source/governance/competencies.pdf
5. ↑ The Conservator-Restorer: a Definition of the Profession (2010). International Council of Museums London, U.K. Retrieved from: http://icom.museum/fileadmin/user_upload/pdf/professions/Theconservator-restorer.pdf
6. ↑ Requisite Competencies for Conservation Technicians and Collection Care Specialists (2005). American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works Washington, D.C. Retrieved from: http://www.conservation-us.org/docs/default-source/governance/competencies.pdf
7. ↑ National Conservation Education and Skills Strategy 2012-2016 (2012). The Institute of Conservation London, U.K. Retrieved from: [1]
8. ↑ Requisite Competencies for Conservation Technicians and Collection Care Specialists (2005). American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works Washington, D.C. Retrieved from: http://www.conservation-us.org/docs/default-source/governance/competencies.pdf
9. ↑ Requisite Competencies for Conservation Technicians and Collection Care Specialists (2005). American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works Washington, D.C. Retrieved from: http://www.conservation-us.org/docs/default-source/governance/competencies.pdf
10. ↑ National Conservation Education and Skills Strategy 2012-2016 (2012). The Institute of Conservation London, U.K. Retrieved from: [2]
11. ↑ Professional Guidelines (2002). Institute of Conservation London, U.K. Retrieved from: http://www.icon.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=121&Itemid=1
12. ↑ Code of Ethics (2013). American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works Washington, D.C. Retrieved from: http://www.conservation-us.org/about-us/core-documents/code-of-ethics#.U0yECsd026w
13. ↑ Guidelines for Practice (2013). American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works Washington, D.C. Retrieved from: http://www.conservation-us.org/about-us/core-documents/guidelines-for-practice#.U1ckwccRI5A

## External links

* Talk about preserving books Mary Yordy, Sr. Conservation Technician, Duke University Libraries
* CoOl Conservation
* Winterthur
* The Getty Conservation Institute
* Technician Training for the Maintenance of In Situ Mosaics
* Balboa Art Conservation Center
* Asiarta Foundation, Malaysia

* v
* t
* e

Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage

Collection care
and management|

* Collecting
* Collection (artwork)
* Collections care
* Collection catalog
* Collections maintenance
* Collections management (museum)
* Collection Management Policy
* Collections management system
* Cultural heritage management
* Cultural resources management
* Deaccessioning (museum)
* Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment
* Display case
* Documentation of cultural property
* Emergency response (museum)
* Exhibition of cultural heritage objects
* Found in collection
* Inherent vice
* Inventory (museum)
* Museum integrated pest management
* Preservation metadata
* Implementation Strategies
* Preservation of meaning
* Preservation survey
* Provenance
* Repatriation
* Restoration (cultural heritage)
* Storage of cultural heritage objects

Roles and
expertise|

* Art handler
* Collection manager
* Conservator-restorer
* Conservation scientist
* Conservation technician
* Curator
* Exhibition designer
* Mount maker
* Objects conservator
* Paintings conservator
* Photograph conservator
* Preservationist
* Registrar (museum)
* Textile conservator

Area specialities|

* Antiques restoration
* Archaeological science
* Archaeology
* Bioarchaeology
* Building restoration
* Conservation science
* Digital photograph restoration
* Digital preservation
* Database preservation
* Film preservation
* Frame conservation
* Heritage science
* Historic preservation
* Media preservation
* Object conservation
* Optical media preservation
* Painting conservation
* Preservation (library and archival science)
* Restoration
* Sustainable preservation
* Web archiving

Techniques|

* Aging (artwork)
* Anastylosis
* Arrested decay
* Architecture
* Cradling (paintings)
* Detachment of wall paintings
* Desmet method
* Historic paint analysis
* Imaging of cultural heritage
* Inpainting
* Kintsugi
* Leafcasting
* Lining of paintings
* Mass deacidification
* Mold control and prevention in libraries
* Overpainting
* Paper splitting
* Radiography of cultural objects
* Reconstruction (architecture)
* Rissverklebung
* Textile stabilization
* Transfer of panel paintings
* UVC-based preservation
* VisualAudio

Topics|

* Archaeological sites
* Ancient Greek pottery
* Automobiles
* Bone, horn, and antler objects
* Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera
* Ceramic objects
* Clocks
* Copper-based objects
* Feathers
* Film
* Flags and banners
* Frescos
* Fur objects
* Glass objects
* Herbaria
* Historic gardens
* Human remains
* Illuminated manuscripts
* Insect specimens
* Iron and steel objects
* Ivory objects
* Judaica
* Lacquerware
* Leather objects
* Lighthouses
* Metals
* Musical instruments
* Neon objects
* New media art
* Outdoor artworks
* Outdoor bronze objects
* Outdoor murals
* Paintings
* Painting frames
* Panel paintings
* Papyrus
* Parchment
* Performance art
* Photographs
* Photographic plates
* Plastic objects
* Pompeian frescoes
* Shipwreck artifacts
* Silver objects
* South Asian household shrines
* Stained glass
* Taxidermy
* Textiles
* Tibetan thangkas
* Time-based media art
* Totem poles
* Vehicles
* Vinyl discs
* Woodblock prints
* Wooden artifacts
* Wooden furniture

Notable projects|

* Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum
* Conservation-restoration of Ecce Homo by Elías García Martínez
* Conservation-restoration of The Gross Clinic by Thomas Eakins
* Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's The Last Supper
* Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin
* Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes
* Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty
* Conservation-restoration of the H.L. Hunley
* Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative

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