Contrastive linguistics

Short description: Practice-oriented linguistic approach

Part of a series on

Translation
Types

* Legal
* Literary
* Bible
* Quran
* Kural
* Linguistic validation
* Medical
* Regulatory
* Technical
* Interpretation
* Cultural
* Word-for-word vs. Sense-for-sense
* Homophonic

Theory

* Translation studies
* Skopos theory
* Translation project
* Translation criticism
* Dynamic and formal equivalence
* Contrastive linguistics

Technologies

* CAT
* Machine translation
* Mobile (machine) translation
* Translation management system
* Dubbing
* Subtitling
* Pre-editing
* Postediting
* Multimedia translation

Localization

* Glocalization
* Internationalization and localization
* Language localisation
* Game localization
* Dub localization
* Website localization
* software localization

Institutional

* Associations
* Awards
* Organizations
* Schools

Related topics

* Transcription
* Transliteration
* Video relay service (VRS)
* Telephone interpreting
* Language barrier
* Fan translation
* Fansub
* Fandub
* Scanlation
* Journalistic translation
* Books and magazines on translation
* Bible translations by language
* Translated books
* Translators
* Kural translations by language

* v
* t
* e

Part of a series on

Linguistics

* Outline
* History
* Index

Subfields

* Acquisition
* Anthropological
* Applied
* Computational
* Discourse analysis
* Forensic
* Historical
* Lexicography
* Morphology
* Morphophonology
* Neurolinguistics
* Philosophy of language
* Phonetics
* Phonology
* Pragmatics
* Psycholinguistics
* Semantics
* Sociolinguistics
* Syntax

Grammatical theories

* Cognitive
* Model-theoretic
* Constituency
* Dependency
* Functional
* Generative
* Stochastic

Topics

* Conservative / innovative forms
* Descriptivism
* Etymology
* Internet linguistics
* LGBT linguistics
* Linguistic anthropology
* Linguistic philosophy
* Origin of language
* Origin of speech
* Orthography
* Prescriptivism
* Second-language acquisition
* Structuralism

Portal

* v
* t
* e

Contrastive linguistics is a practice-oriented linguistic approach that seeks to describe the differences and similarities between a pair of languages (hence it is occasionally called "differential linguistics").

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 See also
* 3 Notes
* 4 References

## History

While traditional linguistic studies had developed comparative methods (comparative linguistics), chiefly to demonstrate family relations between cognate languages, or to illustrate the historical developments of one or more languages, modern contrastive linguistics intends to show in what ways the two respective languages differ, in order to help in the solution of practical problems. (Sometimes the terms diachronic linguistics and synchronic linguistics are used to refer to these two perspectives.)

Contrastive linguistics, since its inception by Robert Lado in the 1950s, has often been linked to aspects of applied linguistics, e.g., to avoid interference errors in foreign-language learning, as advocated by Di Pietro (1971)[1] (see also contrastive analysis), to assist interlingual transfer in the process of translating texts from one language into another, as demonstrated by Vinay & Darbelnet (1958)[2] and more recently by Hatim (1997)[3] (see translation), and to find lexical equivalents in the process of compiling bilingual dictionaries, as illustrated by Heltai (1988)[4] and Hartmann (1991)[5] (see bilingual lexicography).

Contrastive descriptions can occur at every level of linguistic structure: speech sounds (phonology), written symbols (orthography), word-formation (morphology), word meaning (lexicology), collocation (phraseology), sentence structure (syntax) and complete discourse (textology). Various techniques used in corpus linguistics have been shown to be relevant in intralingual and interlingual contrastive studies, e.g. by 'parallel-text' analysis (Hartmann 1997).[6]

Contrastive linguistic studies can also be applied to the differential description of one or more varieties within a language, such as styles (contrastive rhetoric), dialects, registers or terminologies of technical genres.

## See also

* Contrastive analysis
* Translation
* Contrastive rhetoric

## Notes

1. ↑ Di Pietro, R.J. (1971) Language Structures in Contrast, Newbury House.
2. ↑ Vinay, J.P. & Darbelnet, J. (1958) Stylistique Comparée du Français et de l'Anglais, Didier-Harrap.
3. ↑ Hatim, B. (1997) Communication across Cultures. Translation Theory and Contrastive Text Linguistics, University of Exeter Press.
4. ↑ Heltai, P. (1988) "Contrastive analysis of terminological systems and bilingual technical dictionaries", International Journal of Lexicography Vol. 1(1) pp. 32-40.
5. ↑ Hartmann, R.R.K. (1991) "Contrastive linguistics and bilingual lexicography", in Woerterbuecher/Dictionaries/Dictionnaires. International Encyclopedia of Lexicography ed. by F.J. Hausmann et al. (Vol. III, pp. 2854-2859), De Gruyter.
6. ↑ Hartmann, R.R.K. (1997) "From contrastive textology to parallel text corpora: Theory and applications", in Language History and Linguistic Modelling. A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak ed. by R. Hickey & S. Puppel. De Gruyter.

## References

* Di Pietro, R.J. (1971) Language Structures in Contrast, Newbury House.
* Hartmann, R.R.K. (1991) "Contrastive linguistics and bilingual lexicography", in Woerterbuecher/Dictionaries/Dictionnaires. International Encyclopedia of Lexicography ed. by F.J. Hausmann et al. (Vol. III, pp. 2854–2859), De Gruyter.
* Hartmann, R.R.K. (1997) "From contrastive textology to parallel text corpora: Theory and applications", in Language History and Linguistic Modelling. A Festschrift for Jacek Fisiak ed. by R. Hickey & S. Puppel. De Gruyter.
* Hatim, B. (1997) Communication across Cultures. Translation Theory and Contrastive Text Linguistics, University of Exeter Press.
* Heltai, P. (1988) "Contrastive analysis of terminological systems and bilingual technical dictionaries", International Journal of Lexicography Vol. 1(1) pp. 32–40.
* König, E. & V. Gast (2007). Understanding English-German Contrasts. Berlin: Erich Schmidt Verlag.
* Lado, R. (1957). Linguistics across cultures: Applied linguistics for language teachers. University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor,.
* Vinay, J.P. & Darbelnet, J. (1958) Stylistique Comparée du Français et de l'Anglais, Didier-Harrap.

pl:Analiza kontrastywna

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrastive linguistics. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Social:Contrastive_linguistics&oldid=1010413"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template