Declarations of war during World War I

A declaration of war is a formal act by which one nation goes to war against another. A declaration is usually an act of delivering a performative speech (not to be confused with a mere speech) or the presentation of a signed document by an authorized party of a national government in order to create a state of war between two or more sovereign states. In the context of World War I, the official international protocol for declaring war was defined in the Hague Convention of 1907 (or Hague II).[1] For the diplomatic maneuvering behind these events, which led to hostilities between nations, see Diplomatic history of World War I.

## List of war declarations

Below is a table showing the outbreaks of wars between nations which occurred during World War I. Indicated are the dates (during the immediate build-up to, or during the course of, World War I) from which a de facto state of war existed between nations. The table shows both the initiator states and the state at which the declaration of war was aimed. Events listed include those in which there were a simple diplomatic breaking of relations that did not involve any physical attack, as well as those involving overt declarations or acts of aggression.

Date[2][3][4] | Initiator states | Targeted states

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July 28, 1914  |  Austria-Hungary | File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Serbia
August 1, 1914  | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany | File:Flag of The Russian Empire 1883.svg Russia
August 3, 1914  |  Belgium
File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg France
August 4, 1914  |  British Empire | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
August 5, 1914  | File:Kingdom of Montenegro Flag 1905-1918.png Montenegro |  Austria-Hungary
August 6, 1914  |  Austria-Hungary | File:Flag of The Russian Empire 1883.svg Russia
File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Serbia | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
August 8, 1914  | File:Kingdom of Montenegro Flag 1905-1918.png Montenegro
August 12, 1914  |  British Empire |  Austria-Hungary
File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg France
August 23, 1914  | File:Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japan | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
August 25, 1914  |  Austria-Hungary
August 28, 1914  |  Austria-Hungary |  Belgium
November 1, 1914  | File:Flag of The Russian Empire 1883.svg Russia | File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire
November 5, 1914  | File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg France
British Empire
November 11, 1914  | File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire | File:Flag of The Russian Empire 1883.svg Russia
File:Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japan
British Empire
December 2, 1914  | File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Serbia | File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire
December 3, 1914  | File:Kingdom of Montenegro Flag 1905-1918.png Montenegro
December 5, 1914  | File:Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japan
May 23, 1915  |  Italy |  Austria-Hungary
August 21, 1915  | File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire
August 28, 1916  | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
October 14, 1915  |  Bulgaria | File:State Flag of Serbia (1882-1918).svg Serbia
October 15, 1915  |  British Empire |  Bulgaria
File:Kingdom of Montenegro Flag 1905-1918.png Montenegro
October 16, 1915  | File:Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg Japan
File:Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1958).svg France
October 19, 1915  |  Italy
File:Flag of The Russian Empire 1883.svg Russia
March 9, 1916  | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany |  Portugal
March 15, 1916  |  Austria-Hungary
August 28, 1916  |  Romania |  Austria-Hungary
File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany |  Romania
August 30, 1916  | File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire
September 1, 1916  |  Bulgaria
April 6, 1917  |  United States | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
April 7, 1917  |  Panama
Cuba
June 27, 1917  |  Greece |  Austria-Hungary
File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
Bulgaria
File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire
July 22, 1917  |  Siam |  Austria-Hungary
July 22, 1917  | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
August 4, 1917  |  Liberia
August 14, 1917  | Republic of China (1912–1949) China  |  Austria-Hungary
August 14, 1917  | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
October 26, 1917  |  Brazil
December 7, 1917  |  United States |  Austria-Hungary
December 10, 1917  |  Panama
April 23, 1918  |  Guatemala | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
May 6, 1918  |  Nicaragua |  Austria-Hungary
May 6, 1918  | File:Flag of the German Empire.svg Germany
May 23, 1918  |  Costa Rica
July 12, 1918  |  Haiti
July 19, 1918  |  Honduras

## See also

* United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)
* United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)
* United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary

## References

1. ↑ On the Opening of Hostilities; 1907; Yale Law School Library; retrieved March 2014.
2. ↑ "World War: Declarations of War from Around the World". Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/law/help/digitized-books/world-war-i-declarations/foreign.php#U.
3. ↑ "Who Declared War and When". Firstworldwar.com. http://www.firstworldwar.com/features/declarationsofwar.htm.
4. ↑ Ian F.W. Becket, The Great War, second edition, Pearson Education Ltd., 2007, ISBN 978-1-4058-1252-8

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