East Geelvink Bay languages

Short description: Papuan language family of Indonesia

Not to be confused with Cenderawasih languages.

East Geelvink Bay

East Cenderawasih
Geographic
distribution| Papua Province, Indonesia
Linguistic classification| One of the world's primary language families
Glottolog| geel1240[1]

The East Geelvink Bay or East Cenderawasih languages are a language family of a dozen Papuan languages along the eastern coast of Geelvink Bay in Indonesian Papua, which is also known as Sarera Bay or Cenderawasih.

## Contents

* 1 Languages
* 2 Classification
* 3 Typology
* 4 Pronouns
* 5 Basic vocabulary
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Languages

* East Geelvink Bay
* Turunggare, Burate
* Barapasi
* Bauzi–Demisa, Nisa-Anasi (Bapu)
* Central
* Sirami River: Kofei–Sauri, Tefaro
* Woria

Of these, only Turunggare, Barapasi, and Bauzi are known well enough to demonstrate a relationship, though they are all lexically similar (> 60%). The unclassified Kehu language, spoken between Turunggare and Burate, may turn out to be East Geelvink Bay as well.[1]

Bauzi is the best documented East Geelvink Bay language, but may or may not be representative of the Geelvink Bay family as a whole.[2]

## Classification

A relationship between Yawa, spoken on Yapen Island, and the East Geelvink Bay languages was tentatively proposed by C. L. Voorhoeve in 1975 in a proposal he called Geelvink Bay. The hypothesis was taken up by Stephen Wurm, who developed it as part of an initial attempt to classify the Papuan languages; however, the relationship would be a distant one, and later linguists such as Mark Donohue considered Yawa to be a language isolate.

Clouse (1997)[3] removed the Lakes Plain languages of the upper Mamberamo River in the interior of Papua from Trans–New Guinea, where Würm had placed them, and by comparison with Bauzi and Demisa proposes them to be a sister family of the East Geelvink Bay languages. Basic vocabulary cognates that Clouse suggests to connect the two stocks include:

meaning | Proto-Lakes Plain | Bauzi | Demisa

|
|
|

'eye' | *kudatiCV | (faxo) | halukwa
'muscle' | *tV | nubu | (betinukwa)
'water' | *deida | vaɔ | wɔte
'fire' | *kudaide | vua | gwa
'tree' | *kuCV | uto |
'black' | *kVCa | gihot | giho
'child' | *tau-bri | data | dataβi
'we' | *ai | i |
'go, walk' | *kidia | la |
'blow' | *pudV | fɛu |
'feces' | *pade | haɛ |
'arrow' | *poka | fɔ |
'bad' | Proto-Tariku: *ɸVra | fait |

However, in his 2005 classification based on comparative evidence from pronouns, Malcolm Ross treats all three groups as separate families, with Yawa tentatively placed in an extended West Papuan family.

## Typology

Verbal morphology in the East Geelvink Bay family is less complex than that of Tor-Kwerba languages, but is more complex than that of the Lakes Plain languages.[2]

## Pronouns

The pronouns Ross reconstructs for proto–East Geelvink Bay are,

I | *e | we | *i

|
|
|

thou | *o | you | *u
s/he | *a | they | ?

## Basic vocabulary

Basic vocabulary of selected East Cenderawasih languages (Barapasi, Bauzi, Demisa, Tunggare) listed in Foley (2018). These are not necessarily cognate.[2]

East Cenderawasih family basic vocabulary  gloss | Barapasi | Bauzi | Demisa | Tunggare

|
|
|
|

‘bird’ | de | bume | bijana | dinarate
‘blood’ | nosi | vasɛa | nahabi | nahavei
‘bone’ | para | fa | heta | ha
‘eat’ | ai | æ |  | ɣayo
‘egg’ | moʔa | ɔɔ | mwa | ʔoʔo
‘eye’ | aronua | faxo | halukwa | hanua
‘fire’ | awa | vua | gwa | urehe
‘give’ | wai | lɔ |  | nore
‘ground’ | deta | bake | bæi | baʔe
‘hair’ | nawa | ohuta | ohutai | ohitaʔi
‘head’ | osi | ohula | ohuda | ʔohaha
‘I’ | emi | e | emdə | ei
‘leg’ | naro | naɔ | naro | nal
‘louse’ | woa | vɔa | yo | ʔua
‘man’ | doro | dam | damateha | date
‘name’ | here | ɛ |  | ʔe
‘one’ | orari | væmtɛa | natudüe | duaʔa
‘see’ | ute | aa |  | maʔai
‘stone’ | aea | kɛ | ɛdu | hahia
‘sun’ | wapao | ala | arɔ | au
‘tooth’ | moru | mo | molu | mou
‘tree’ | auma | uto |  | uto-me
‘two’ | apimi | bɛhæsu | utahu | amaite
‘water’ | waro | vaɔ | wɔte | mana
‘we’ | i-me | i |  | i
‘you (pl)’ | u-mi | u |  | wi

The following basic vocabulary words are from Clouse (1997)[3] and Voorhoeve (1975),[4] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:[5]

gloss | Bauzi | Demisa | Barapasi | Tunggare

|
|
|
|

head  | dauha; ohula | ohuda | osi | ʔohaha
hair  | ohuta | ohutai | nəwa | ohitaʔi
ear  | dogoi | hema |  |
eye  | fako; faxo | halukwa | aronua | hanua
nose  | ɔmtɔ | omata |  |
tooth  | mõ |  | moru | mou
tongue  | iso | itsa |  |
leg  | nabaː; nao | naɾo | naro | nal
louse  | vɔa; vwa | yo | woa | ʔua
dog  | vɛm; veme | nimi |  | weme
pig  | doho; dɔhɔ | beiji |  | doho
bird  | bume; bumɛ | bijana | de | dinarate
egg  | ʔo; ɔɔ | mwa | moʔa | ʔoʔo
blood  | vasɛa; veiso | nahabi | nosi | nahavei
bone  | fa; oveha | heta | para | ha
skin  | sogoba; sɔkɔba | hiɔ | terebaʔa | isaʔa
breast  | ahudɛ | ubɾa |  |
tree  | uto |  | auma | uto-me
man  | data |  | doro | date
sky  | asum | asunawa |  |
sun  | ala; ala(meoho) | aɾɔ | wapao | au
moon  | ala | aɾo |  |
water  | valo; vaɔ | wɔte | waro | mana
fire  | üwa; vua | gwa | awa | urehe
stone  | kɛ; khe | ɛdu | aea | hahia
name  | ɛ; ele |  | here | ʔe
eat  | æ; udeʔa |  | aire | ghayo
one  | væmtɛa; vamtia | natudüe | orari | duaʔa
two  | beasu; bɛhæsu | utahu | apimi | amaite

## See also

* Papuan languages
* Districts of Papua for a list of districts and villages with respective languages

## References

1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Geelvink Bay". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/geel1240.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". in Palmer, Bill. The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433–568. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Clouse, Duane A. (1997). "Towards a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya". in Karl Franklin. Papers in Papuan linguistics no. 2. A-85. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 133-236. ISBN 0858834421. https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/145737/1/PL-A85.pdf.
4. ↑ Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi:10.15144/PL-B31
5. ↑ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". https://transnewguinea.org/family/eastgeelvinkbay.

* Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". in Andrew Pawley. Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15-66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.

## External links

* East Geelvink Bay languages database at TransNewGuinea.org

Template:East Geelvink Bay languages

* v
* t
* e

Papuan language families
(Palmer 2018 classification)

Trans-New Guinea
subgroups|

| central Papua, Indonesia|

* Ok-Oksapmin
* Dani
* Asmat-Kamoro
* Mek
* Paniai Lakes
* West Bomberai
* Somahai

|

southeast Papua, Indonesia|

* Anim
* Greater Awyu
* Kayagaric
* Kolopom
* Marori

southwest Papua New Guinea|

* Gogodala-Suki
* Turama-Kikori
* Kiwaian
* Awin-Pa

central Papua New Guinea|

* Madang
* Finisterre-Huon
* Kainantu-Goroka
* Chimbu-Wahgi
* Enga-Kewa-Huli
* Bosavi
* East Strickland
* Kutubu
* Duna-Bogaya
* Wiru

Papuan Peninsula|

* Angan
* Greater Binanderean
* Dagan
* Mailuan
* Koiarian
* Goilalan
* Yareban
* Kwalean
* Manubaran

Eastern Nusantara
families and isolates|

* Timor-Alor-Pantar
* North Halmahera

* Tambora†

Bird's Head Peninsula
families and isolates|

* South Bird's Head
* Nuclear South Bird's Head
* Inanwatan–Duriankere
* Konda–Yahadian
* East Bird's Head
* Nuclear East Bird's Head
* Hatam–Mansim
* West Bird's Head

* Abun
* Mpur
* Maybrat
* Mor
* Tanah Merah

Northern Western New Guinea
families and isolates|

* Tor-Kwerba
* Lakes Plain
* Border
* Sko
* East Cenderawasih Bay
* Pauwasi
* Eastern
* Western
* Nimboran
* Sentani
* Mairasi
* Kaure
* Lepki-Murkim
* Senagi (Angor-Dera)
* Tofanma-Namla
* Yapen

* Abinomn
* Burmeso
* Elseng
* Kapauri
* Kembra
* Keuw
* Kimki
* Massep
* Mawes
* Molof
* Usku
* Yetfa

Central Western New Guinea
families and isolates|

* Bayono-Awbono

* Dem
* Uhunduni

Sepik-Ramu basin
families and isolates|

* Torricelli
* Sepik
* Lower Sepik-Ramu
* Lower Sepik
* Ramu
* Kwomtari
* Leonhard Schultze (Walio-Papi)
* Upper Yuat (Arafundi-Piawi)
* Yuat
* Left May
* Amto-Musan

* Busa
* Taiap
* Yadë

| Torricelli subgroups|

* Marienberg
* Arapesh
* Urim
* Maimai
* Wapei
* Palei
* One (West Wapei)
* Monumbo?

|

Sepik subgroups|

* Middle Sepik
* Ndu
* Nukuma
* Yellow River
* Yerakai
* Upper Sepik
* Wogamus
* Iwam
* Abau
* Sepik Hill
* Tama
* Ram
* Amal

Ramu subgroups|

* Lower Ramu
* Ottilien
* Misegian
* Middle Ramu
* Grass?
* Tamolan
* Ataitan (Tanggu)

Gulf of Papua and southern New Guinea
families and isolates|

* Yam
* Pahoturi River
* Eleman
* Oriomo
* Teberan
* Doso-Turumsa
* Komolom
* Yelmek-Maklew

* Dibiyaso
* Kaki Ae
* Kamula
* Karami
* Pawaia
* Porome
* Purari
* Tabo

Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Islands
families and isolates|

* Baining
* North Bougainville
* South Bougainville
* Central Solomons
* Butam-Taulil

* Anêm
* Ata
* Kol
* Kuot
* Makolkol
* Sulka

Rossel Island
isolate|

* Yélî Dnye

Proposed groupings|

* West Papuan
* Northwest Papuan
* South Pauwasi
* East Papuan
* Southeast Papuan
* Papuan Gulf
* Binanderean–Goilalan
* Arai–Samaia
* Asmat–Mombum
* Trans-Fly–Bulaka River
* Trans-Fly
* Dani–Kwerba
* East Bird's Head – Sentani
* Kwomtari–Fas
* Left May – Kwomtari
* Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran
* West Trans–New Guinea
* West Papuan Highlands
* Central and South New Guinea
* Central West New Guinea
* East New Guinea Highlands
* Yele – West New Britain
* Sepik–Ramu
* Indo-Pacific

Proto-language|

* Proto-Trans–New Guinea

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Indonesia

Western languages

| Malayo-Sumbawan|

* Indonesian
* Bahasa Binan
* Slang
* Acehnese
* Balinese
* Bamayo
* Duano'
* Haji
* Iban
* Kangean
* Kendayan
* Keninjal
* Kubu
* Lubu
* Loncong
* Madurese
* Malay
* Bangka
* Banjar
* Bengkulu
* Berau
* Col/Lembak
* Jambi
* Kaur
* Jaring Halus
* Kerinci
* Kutai
* Larantuka
* Minangkabau
* Palembang
* Pekal
* Pontianak
* Mualang
* Sasak
* Seberuang
* Sumbawan
* Sundanese
* Baduy
* Bantenese

|

Javanese|

* Javanese
* Banyumasan
* Osing
* Tenggerese

Celebic|

* Andio
* Bada
* Bahonsuai
* Balaesang
* Balantak
* Banggai
* Batui
* Behoa
* Boano
* Bobongko
* Bonerate
* Bungku
* Busoa
* Cia-Cia
* Dampelas
* Dondo
* Kalao
* Kaili
* Kaimbulawa
* Kamaru
* Kodeoha
* Kulisusu
* Kumbewaha
* Lasalimu
* Laiyolo
* Lauje
* Liabuku
* Mbelala
* Moronene
* Mori Bawah
* Mori Atas
* Moma
* Muna
* Napu
* Padoe
* Pancana
* Pendau
* Rahambuu
* Rampi
* Saluan
* Sarudu
* Sedoa
* Pamona
* Taje
* Tajio
* Tukang Besi
* Tolaki
* Tomadino
* Topoiyo
* Tomini
* Totoli
* Uma
* Waru
* Wawonii
* Wolio
* Wotu

Lampungic|

* Komering
* Lampung

Northwest Sumatra–
Barrier Islands|

* Batak
* Alas
* Batak Angkola
* Batak Dairi
* Batak Karo
* Batak Mandailing
* Batak Simalungun
* Batak Toba
* Enggano
* Gayo
* Mentawai
* Nias
* Simeulue
* Sikule

South Sulawesi|

* Aralle-Tabulahan
* Bambam
* Bentong
* Budong-Budong
* Buginese
* Campalagian
* Coastal Konjo
* Dakka
* Duri
* Embaloh
* Enrekang
* Highland Konjo
* Kalumpang
* Lemolang
* Maiwa
* Makassarese
* Malimpung
* Mamasa
* Mamuju
* Mandar
* Panasuan
* Pannei
* Selayar
* Seko Padang
* Seko Tengah
* Tae’
* Talondo’
* Taman
* Toraja-Sa’dan
* Ulumanda’

Barito|

* Ampanang
* Bajaw
* Bakumpai
* Deyah
* Kohin
* Lawangan
* Ma'anyan
* Malang
* Ngaju
* Ot Danum
* Ot Siang
* Tunjung
* Witu
* Pakau

Kayan–Murik|

* Aoheng
* Aput
* Bahau
* Hovongan
* Kayan
* Krio
* Modang
* Punan Merah
* Segai

Land Dayak|

* Bakati’
* Biatah
* Bukar Sadong
* Jangkang
* Kembayan
* Laraʼ
* Nyadu’
* Rejangese
* Ribun
* Sanggau
* Sara
* Semandang
* Beginci
* Gerai
* Tringgus

North Bornean|

* Bah-Biau
* Basap
* Bukat
* Bukitan
* Kelabit
* Kenyah
* Mainstream
* Lengilu
* Lun Bawang
* Murut
* Okolod
* Selungai
* Sembakung
* Tagol
* Punan Merap
* Punan Tubu
* Sa'ban
* Sajau
* Tidung
* Burusu
* Kalabakan
* Nonukan

Philippine languages|

| Central Philippine|

* Tausug

|

Gorontalo-Mongondow|

* Bintauna
* Bolango
* Buol
* Gorontaloan
* Kaidipang
* Lolak
* Mongondow
* Ponosakan
* Suwawa

Minahasan|

* Tombulu
* Tondano
* Tonsawang
* Tonsea
* Tontemboan

Sangiric|

* Bantik
* Ratahan
* Sangirese
* Talaud

Central-Eastern languages

| Aru|

* Barakai
* Batuley
* Dobel
* Karey
* Koba
* Kola-Kompane
* Lola
* Lorang
* Manombai
* Mariri
* Tarangan
* Ujir

|

Central Maluku|

* Alune
* Amahai
* Ambelau
* Asilulu
* Banda
* Bati
* Benggoi
* Boano
* Bobot
* Buru
* Geser
* Haruku
* Hitu
* Hoti
* Huaulu
* Hulung
* Kaibobo
* Kamarian
* Laha
* Larike-Wakasihu
* Latu
* Liana-Seti
* Lisabata-Nuniali
* Lisela
* Loun
* Luhu
* Mangole
* Manipa
* Manusela
* Masiwang
* Naka'ela
* Nuaulu
* Nusa Laut
* Paulohi
* Salas
* Saleman
* Saparua
* Seit-Kaitetu
* Sepa-Teluti
* Sula
* Taliabo
* Teor-Kur
* Tulehu
* Watubela
* Wemale
* Yalahatan

Flores–Lembata|

* Alorese
* Kedang
* Lamaholot
* Adonara
* Ile Ape
* Lamalera
* Lamatuka
* Levuka
* Lewo Eleng
* Lewotobi
* South Lembata
* West Lembata
* Sika

Halmahera-
Cenderawasih|

* Ambai
* Ansus
* Arguni
* Bedoanas
* Biak
* Busami
* Dusner
* Erokwanas
* Irarutu
* Iresim
* Kuri
* Kurudu
* Munggui
* Marau
* Meoswar
* Mor
* Pom
* Papuma
* Roon
* Serui-Laut
* Tandia
* Wabo
* Waropen
* Wandamen
* Woi
* Yaur
* Yeretuar

Kei-Tanimbar|

* Fordata
* Kei
* Onin
* Sekar
* Uruangnirin
* Yamdena

Selaru|

* Selaru
* Seluwasan

Sumba–Flores|

* Anakalangu
* Baliledo
* Bima
* Dhao
* Ende
* Gaura
* Hawu
* Kambera
* Kéo
* Kodi
* Komodo
* Lamboya
* Li'o
* Mamboru
* Manggarai
* Nage
* Ngadha
* Palu'e
* Pondok
* Rajong
* Rembong
* Riung
* Rongga
* So'a
* Kepo'
* Wae Rana
* Wanukaka
* Wejewa

Timor–Babar|

* Tetum
* Uab Meto
* Amarasi
* Baikeno
* Bekais
* Bilba
* Dai
* Dawera-Daweloor
* Dela-Oenale
* Dengka
* East Damar
* Emplawas
* Helong
* Imroing
* Kisar
* Leti
* Lole
* Luang
* Masela
* Nila
* North Babar
* Ringgou
* Romang
* Serili
* Serua
* Southeast Babar
* Tela'a
* Termanu
* Te'un
* Tii
* West Damar
* Wetar

Western Oceanic|

* Anus
* Bonggo
* Kayupulau
* Liki
* Masimasi
* Ormu
* Podena
* Kaptiau
* Sobei
* Tarpia
* Tobati
* Wakde
* Yamna

Other|

* Kowiai

Papuan languages

| North Halmahera|

* Galela
* Gamkonora
* Loloda
* Modole
* Pagu
* Sahu
* Tabaru
* Ternate
* Tidore
* Tobelo
* Waioli
* West Makian

|

Timor–Alor–Pantar|

* Abui
* Adang
* Blagar
* Bunak
* Kaera
* Kafoa
* Kamang
* Klon
* Kui
* Kula
* Nedebang
* Oirata
* Retta
* Sawila
* Teiwa
* Wersing
* Western Pantar

* Abun
* Aghu
* Airoran
* Asmat
* Auye
* Bagusa
* Baham
* Baropasi
* Bauzi
* Bayono-Awbono
* Berik
* Betaf
* Bimin
* Bonerif
* Burate
* Burmeso
* Burumakok
* Buruwai
* Citak
* Dabe
* Dao
* Demisa
* Demta
* Dineor
* Ekari
* Faiwol
* Grand Valley Dani
* Hattam
* Hupla
* Iha
* Isirawa
* Itik
* Iwur
* Jofotek-Bromnya
* Kalabra
* Kamberau
* Kamoro
* Kanum
* Karas
* Kauwera
* Kehu
* Keijar
* Kofei
* Kombai
* Kombai–Wanggom
* Komyandaret
* Koneraw
* Kopka
* Kopkaka
* Korowai
* Kuwani
* Kwerba Mamberamo
* Kwerba
* Kwesten
* Kwinsu
* Maklew
* Mander
* Mandobo
* Mawes
* Maybrat
* Meax
* Meninggo
* Mian
* Moi
* Mombum
* Momina
* Momuna
* Moni
* Moraid
* Mpur
* Muyu
* Nafri
* Nakai
* Nduga
* Ngalum
* Nggem
* Ninggerum
* Nisa-Anasi
* Oksapmin
* Orya
* Pisa
* Samarokena
* Saponi
* Sauri
* Sause
* Saweru
* Sawi
* Sawila
* Seget
* Sempan
* Sentani
* Setaman
* Shiaxa
* Silimo
* Skou
* Sougb
* Suganga
* Tabla
* Tangko
* Tause
* Tefaro
* Tehit
* Telefol
* Tifal
* Trimuris
* Tsaukambo
* Tunggare
* Urapmin
* Vitou
* Walak
* Wambon
* Wano
* Wares
* Western Dani
* Wolani
* Woria
* Yali
* Yawa
* Yelmek
* Yonggom

Other languages

| Creoles and Pidgins|

| Malay-based creoles|

* Ambonese Malay
* Baba Malay
* Bandanese Malay
* Bacanese Malay
* Balinese Malay
* Betawi
* Gorap
* Kupang Malay
* Manado Malay
* Makassar Malay
* North Moluccan Malay
* Papuan Malay

|

Other creoles and pidgins|

* Javindo
* Petjo
* Mardijker
* Pidgin Iha
* Pidgin Onin
* Portugis
* Bidau Creole Portuguese

|

Sinitic languages|

* Cantonese
* Hakka
* Fujianese
* Hokkien
* Medan
* Riau
* Tiochiu
* Hainanese
* Hinghwa
* Fuzhounese
* Mandarin

Afroasiatic languages|

* Modern Standard Arabic

Dravidian languages|

* Tamil

Germanic languages|

* English
* Dutch (historical)

Romance languages|

* French
* Portuguese

Indo-Iranian languages|

* Persian

Sign languages|

* Indonesian Sign Language
* Kata Kolok

* v
* t
* e

Primary language families

Africa|

* Afroasiatic
* Austronesian
* Khoe–Kwadi
* Kx'a
* Niger–Congo
* Nilo-Saharan?
* Tuu
* Mande?
* Songhay?
* Ijaw?
* Ubangian?
* Kadu?

| Isolates|

* Bangime
* Hadza
* Jalaa
* Sandawe
* Laal?
* Shabo?

|

Europe
and Asia|

* Afroasiatic
* Ainu
* Austroasiatic
* Austronesian
* Chukotko-Kamchatkan
* Dravidian
* Eskimo–Aleut
* Great Andamanese
* Hmong–Mien
* Hurro-Urartian
* Indo-European
* Japonic
* Kartvelian
* Koreanic
* Kra–Dai
* Mongolic
* Nivkh
* Northeast Caucasian
* Northwest Caucasian
* Ongan
* Sino-Tibetan
* Tungusic
* Turkic
* Tyrsenian
* Uralic
* Yeniseian
* Yukaghir
* Digaro?
* Hrusish?
* Kho-Bwa?
* Miju?
* Siangic?

| Isolates|

* Basque
* Burushaski
* Elamite
* Hattic
* Kusunda
* Nihali
* Sumerian

|

New Guinea
and the Pacific|

* Arai–Samaia
* Austronesian
* Binanderean–Goilalan
* Border
* Bulaka River
* Central Solomons
* Chimbu–Wahgi
* Doso–Turumsa
* East Geelvink Bay
* East New Britain
* East Strickland
* Eleman
* Engan
* Fas
* Kaure–Kosare
* Kiwaian
* Kutubuan
* Kwomtari
* Lakes Plain
* Lower Mamberamo
* Lower Sepik
* Madang
* Mairasi
* North Bougainville
* Pauwasi
* Ramu
* Senagi
* Sentani
* Sepik
* Skou
* South Bougainville
* Teberan
* Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran
* Torricelli
* Trans-Fly
* Trans–New Guinea
* Turama–Kikorian
* Upper Yuat
* West Papuan
* Yam
* Yawa
* Yuat
* Northwest Papuan?
* Papuan Gulf?

| Isolates|

* Abinomn
* Abun
* Anêm?
* Ata?
* Kol
* Kuot
* Maybrat
* Mpur
* Porome
* Taiap?
* Pawaia
* Porome
* Sulka?
* Tambora
* Wiru

|

Australia|

* Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan?
* Bunuban
* Darwin Region?
* Eastern Daly
* Eastern Tasmanian
* Garawan
* Iwaidjan
* Jarrakan
* Marrku–Wurrugu?
* Mirndi
* Northern Tasmanian
* Northeastern Tasmanian
* Nyulnyulan
* Pama–Nyungan
* Southern Daly?
* Tangkic
* Wagaydyic
* Western Daly
* Western Tasmanian
* Worrorran
* Yangmanic (incl. Wagiman)?

| Isolates|

* Giimbiyu
* Malak-Malak (Northern Daly?)
* Tiwi

|

North
America|

* Algic
* Alsea
* Caddoan
* Chimakuan
* Chinookan
* Chumashan
* Comecrudan
* Coosan
* Eskimo–Aleut
* Iroquoian
* Kalapuyan
* Keresan
* Maiduan
* Muskogean
* Na-Dene
* Palaihnihan
* Plateau Penutian
* Pomoan
* Salishan
* Shastan
* Siouan
* Tanoan
* Tsimshianic
* Utian
* Uto-Aztecan
* Wakashan
* Wintuan
* Yukian
* Yuman–Cochimí

| Isolates|

* Chimariko
* Esselen
* Haida
* Karuk
* Kutenai
* Seri
* Siuslaw
* Takelma
* Timucua
* Waikuri
* Washo
* Yana
* Yokuts
* Yuchi
* Zuni

|

Mesoamerica|

* Chibchan
* Jicaquean
* Lencan
* Mayan
* Misumalpan
* Mixe–Zoque
* Oto-Manguean
* Tequistlatecan
* Totonacan
* Uto-Aztecan
* Xincan

| Isolates|

* Cuitlatec
* Huave
* Tarascan/Purépecha

|

South
America|

* Andoque–Urequena
* Arauan
* Araucanian
* Arawakan
* Arutani–Sape
* Aymaran
* Barbacoan
* Boran
* Cahuapanan
* Cariban
* Catacaoan
* Chapacuran
* Charruan
* Chibchan
* Choco
* Chonan
* Guaicuruan
* Guajiboan
* Harákmbut–Katukinan
* Jirajaran
* Jivaroan
* Katembri–Taruma
* Mascoian
* Matacoan
* Nadahup
* Nambikwaran
* Otomákoan
* Pano-Tacanan
* Peba–Yaguan
* Quechuan
* Piaroa–Saliban
* Ticuna–Yuri
* Timotean
* Tiniguan
* Tucanoan
* Tupian
* Uru–Chipaya
* Witotoan
* Yanomaman
* Zamucoan
* Zaparoan
* Bora–Witoto languages?
* Chimuan?
* Esmeralda–Yaruro?
* Hibito–Cholón?
* Lule–Vilela?
* Macro-Jê?
* Tequiraca–Canichana?

| Isolates
(extant in 2000)|

* Aikanã?
* Alacalufan
* Camsá
* Candoshi
* Chimane
* Chiquitano
* Cofán?
* Fulniô
* Guató
* Hodï/Joti
* Irantxe?
* Itonama
* Kunza
* Leco
* Maku-Auari of Roraima
* Movima
* Mura-Pirahã
* Nukak?
* Puinave
* Huaorani/Waorani
* Trumai
* Urarina
* Warao
* Yamana
* Yuracaré

|

Sign languages|

* Arab
* BANZSL
* Chinese
* Francosign
* Germanosign
* Indo-Pakistani
* Japanese
* Original Thai
* Swedish
* Tanzanian?

| Isolates|

* See list of sign languages

|

See also|

* Language isolates
* Unclassified languages
* Creoles
* Pidgins
* Mixed languages
* Artificial languages

* Families in italics have no living members.
* Families with more than 30 languages are in bold.

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Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East Geelvink Bay languages. Read more

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