Education policy

Education policy consists of the principles and government policies in the educational sphere as well as the collection of laws and rules that govern the operation of education systems. Or simply we can say that An Education Policy is a past or up to date statement or series of statements which explain, recommend or exclude a course of action or actions to be taken to run the system of education. These statements are usually written, but they could be oral.

Education occurs in many forms for many purposes through many institutions. Examples include early childhood education, kindergarten through to 12th grade, two and four year colleges or universities, graduate and professional education, adult education and job training. Therefore, education policy can directly affect the education people engage in at all ages.

Examples of areas subject to debate in education policy, specifically from the field of schools, include school size, class size, school choice, school privatization, tracking, teacher selection, education and certification, teacher pay, teaching methods, curricular content, graduation requirements, school infrastructure investment, and the values that schools are expected to uphold and model.

Issues in education policy also address problems within higher education. The Pell Institute analyzes the barriers experienced by teachers and students within community colleges and universities. These issues involve undocumented students, sex education, and federal grant aides.[1]

Education policy analysis is the scholarly study of education policy. It seeks to answer questions about the purpose of education, the objectives (societal and personal) that it is designed to attain, the methods for attaining them and the tools for measuring their success or failure. Research intended to inform education policy is carried out in a wide variety of institutions and in many academic disciplines. Important researchers are affiliated with departments of psychology, economics, sociology, and human development, in addition to schools and departments of education or public policy. Examples of education policy analysis may be found in such academic journals as Education Policy Analysis Archives and in university policy centers such as the National Education Policy Center housed at the University of Colorado Boulder University of Colorado Boulder.

## Contents

* 1 Education reform in the United States
* 2 Teacher policy
* 2.1 Nine key dimensions
* 2.1.1 Teacher Recruitment and Retention
* 2.1.2 Teacher Education (Initial and Continuing)
* 3 See also
* 4 Sources
* 5 References
* 6 External links

## Education reform in the United States

Education reform is a topic that is in the mainstream currently in the United States. Over the past 30 years, policy makers have made a steady increase at the state and federal levels of government in their involvement of US schools. US states spend most of their budgets funding schools, whereas only a small portion of the federal budget is allocated to education.[2] Although states hold the constitutional right on education policy, the federal government is advancing their role by building on state and local education policies.[3] In the state of Texas during the 84th Legislature, there were several education reform bills filed and sponsored by many education reform groups, such as Texans for Education Reform. Lawmakers want to create more involvement at the local level, and more transparency in our public schools. These groups are being pressured and opposed by teachers' unions saying that accountability and transparency policies are targeting educators, and that they are trying to hold them responsible for the education system.[3]

## Teacher policy

Teacher policy is education policy that addresses the preparation, recruitment, and retention of teachers.[4] A teacher policy is guided by the same overall vision and essential characteristics as the wider education policy: it should be strategic, holistic, feasible, sustainable, and context-sensitive. Overall objectives and major challenges to be addressed, the funding to achieve these objectives, the demographic parameters of the learner population and the human resources required to achieve universally accessible quality education should all be addressed in a comprehensive teacher policy.[5]

### Nine key dimensions

Nine key dimensions are considered crucial to any comprehensive teacher policy: Teacher Recruitment and Retention, Teacher education (initial and continuing), Deployment, Career Structures/Paths, Teacher Employment and Working Conditions, Teach Reward and Remuneration, Teacher Standards, Teacher Accountability, and School Governance.[5]

#### Teacher Recruitment and Retention

An effective education system must have a way to attract and retain outstanding educators. There has been a growing demand for teachers but the supply continues to diminish and many of them leave their profession[6]. This development is a threat to the “academic and economic welfare of students.” It affects learning and drain taxpayers’ money[7]. The federal and state governments along with the districts must invest in complete human capital systems. It is the best approach in preparing and retaining committed and capable mentors for the long-term[8]. A reasonable strategy in talent management for the education sector must focus on recruitment, development, and retention of intelligent and efficient teachers[9].

#### Teacher Education (Initial and Continuing)

Teachers need to go back to school periodically to become better educators[10]. Good mentors can become outstanding by going further than textbooks. This is the logic behind continuing education. Technology in the form of web-based workshops and lectures will be helpful[11]. School administrators and district officials must push their teachers to make use of available resources and opportunities to continue the learning process. Conferences with workshops are also valuable because these activities provide teachers with tools for integration of technology in the classrooms and Continuing Professional Development Units in boosting their careers.[12]

## See also

* Education policy in Brazil

## Sources

This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 License statement: Teacher policy development guide: summary, 14, 18, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO. To learn how to add open license text to HandWiki articles, please see this how-to page. For information on reusing text from HandWiki, please see the terms of use.

## References

1. ↑ American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with eating disorders (2nd ed). Washington, DC: Author.
2. ↑ Coggins, C. (2017). How to be heard: 10 lessons teachers need to advocate for their students and profession. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "EBSCO Publishing Service Selection Page". http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4c281704-1acd-4d75-a285-cc3161b5fac8%40sessionmgr4005&vid=2&hid=4208. Retrieved 2015-09-25.
4. ↑ UNESCO. "Teacher policies: Preparation, Recruitment and Retention of Quality Teachers/Educators". http://www.unesco.org/new/en/education/themes/strengthening-education-systems/quality-framework/technical-notes/teacher-policies/.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 UNESCO (2015). Teacher policy development guide: summary. Paris, UNESCO. pp. 14, 18. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002352/235272e.pdf.
6. ↑ Strauss, Valerie (2017-11-27). "Analysis | Why it’s a big problem that so many teachers quit — and what to do about it" (in en-US). Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2017/11/27/why-its-a-big-problem-that-so-many-teachers-quit-and-what-to-do-about-it/.
7. ↑ Center, Foundation. "High Teacher Turnover Hurting Students, Study Finds" (in en). Philanthropy News Digest (PND). https://philanthropynewsdigest.org/news/high-teacher-turnover-hurting-students-study-finds.
8. ↑ "Solving the Teacher Shortage How to Attract and Retain Excellent Educators" (in en). https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/solving-teacher-shortage-brief.
9. ↑ Douglas, Emily. "7 Steps for a Balanced Recruitment AND Retention Strategy". http://blogs.edweek.org/topschooljobs/k-12_talent_manager/2015/02/balanced_recruitment_retention.html?cmp=SOC-SHR-FB.
10. ↑ "“Continuing education must be in-depth”" (in en-EN). @GI_weltweit. https://www.goethe.de/en/spr/mag/21047328.html.
11. ↑ "The Value of Workshops and Continuing Education for Teachers". The EvoLLLution. 2012-08-10. https://evolllution.com/opinions/the-value-of-workshops-and-continuing-education-for-teachers/.
12. ↑ [http://faculty.washington.edu/stkerr/conted.html "Teachers' Continuing Professional Development - Title"]. http://faculty.washington.edu/stkerr/conted.html.

Information on education policy, OECD - Contains indicators and information about education policy in OECD countries.

## External links

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* OECD's Education GPS: a review of education policy analysis and statistics.

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