Federal parliamentary republic

Short description: Type of federation of states with a republican government form

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A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and sub-national levels. It is a combination of the government republic and the parliamentary republic.

Such republics usually possess a bicameral legislature at the federal level out of necessity, so as to allow for a set, often equal number of representatives of the sub-national entities to sit in the upper house; however, the government, headed by a head of government, will be depending upon the lower house of parliament for its stability or legitimacy. If there is any confusion, this means that the government and the parliament share equal control, being a mix of the two.

## List of federal parliamentary republics

Federation | Official style | Head of state elected by | Head of state | Head of government | Head of government elected by

|
|
|
|
|

Austria  | Republic of Austria | Direct, by second-round system  | President of Austria  | Chancellor of Austria  | Parliament, by majority
Ethiopia  | Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia | Regions of Ethiopia  | President of Ethiopia  | Prime Minister of Ethiopia  | Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Germany  | Federal Republic of Germany | Federal Assembly (parliament and state delegates),

by absolute majority

| President of Germany | Chancellor of Germany | Parliament, by absolute majority
India  | Republic of India | States of India  | President of India  | Prime Minister of India  | Electoral College, parliament and state legislators, by single transferable vote
Iraq  | Republic of Iraq | Regions of Iraq  | President of Iraq  | Prime Minister  | Parliament, by two-thirds majority
Micronesia  | Federated States of Micronesia | Subdivisions of Micronesia  |

President of Micronesia

| Parliament, by majority
Nepal  | Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal | Subdivisions of Nepal  | President of Nepal  | Prime Minister of Nepal  | Parliament and state legislators
Pakistan  | Islamic Republic of Pakistan | Subdivisions of Pakistan  | President of Pakistan  | Prime Minister of Pakistan | Electoral College, by two-thirds majority
Somalia  | Federal Republic of Somalia | Subdivisions of Somalia  | President of Somalia  | Prime Minister of Somalia  | Parliament
Switzerland | Swiss Confederation | Cantons of Switzerland  |

Federal Council

| Federal Assembly (parliament and canton delegates), by absolute majority

## See also

* Unitary parliamentary republic

## External links

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