Female bonding

Short description: Close personal relationship between women

Women in 1940s, Tel-Aviv Two friends at the beach, 1918

In ethology and social science, female bonding is the formation of a close personal relationship and patterns of friendship, attachment, and cooperation between females.[1]

## Contents

* 1 Examples
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading

## Examples

Within the context of human relationships the definition and display of female bonding can be dependent on multiple factors such as age, sexual orientation, culture, race and marital status. For example, some studies have shown that there is relatively strong female bonding evidence which is shared among single women.[citation needed] It is evident that this particular cohort of women sees each other as lifelong confidants due to the absence of a lifelong commitment to a spouse.[citation needed] Along with this, the lack of commitment allows women to develop and maintain the strong ties between other single female friends.[citation needed]

Female bonding can be further explored within the human context of relationships within the family. For example, the positive mother-daughter ties which develop have been described to provide immense emotional, financial and instrumental support; indicating that female bonding is present. In an alternative study, a mother described her daughters as "more like sisters, communicating that equality...was an essential feature of their current relationships. They used the language of companionate ties..."[2]

In addition to mother-daughter ties, sibling ties can be carefully examined for further exemplification in female bonding. There is much evidence that sister-sister ties are the strongest ties that exist, out of the possible combinations of gendered sibling ties which are shared. In a recent study, an interviewee described her relationship shared with her sister as the most enduring and intimate of her life.[3] This further suggests the emotional sharing which is said to be the primary foundation on which female bonding is founded.

There has also been evidence within animal context regarding the genetic theory behind female bonding. A study that "investigated the social network structure of an embayment population of Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops aduncus, ... examined the impact of sex...in maintaining the cohesion of the social network."[4] The results of this article prove that there was "greater influence on female[s] than on male social relationships, as association strength was positively correlated with genetic relatedness between females".[4]

## See also

* Affectional orientation
* Cross-sex friendship
* Female buddy film
* Feminine psychology
* Homosociality
* Human bonding
* Lesbian
* Male bonding
* Social connection
* Sex differences in psychology
* Womance

## References

1. ↑ "bonding - meaning of bonding in Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English - LDOCE". https://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/bonding.
2. ↑ Allen, Katherine R.; Blieszner, Rosemary; Roberto, Karen A. (September 2011). "Perspectives on Extended Family and Fictive Kin in the Later Years: Strategies and Meanings of Kin Reinterpretation". Journal of Family Issues 32 (9): 1156–1177. doi:10.1177/0192513x11404335.
3. ↑ Wells, Juliette (Winter 2009). "The Closeness of Sisters: Imagining Cassandra and Jane". Persuasions 30 (1). http://www.jasna.org/persuasions/on-line/vol30no1/wells.html.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Wiszniewski, Joanna; Lusseau, David; Möller, Luciana M. (November 2010). "Female bisexual kinship ties maintain social cohesion in a dolphin network". Animal Behaviour 80 (5): 895–904. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.08.013.

## Further reading

* Greiner, Donald J. (1993). Women Without men: female bonding and the American Novel of the 1980s. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 9780872498846. https://archive.org/details/womenwithoutmenf00grei_0.
* Valen, Kelly (2010). The twisted sisterhood: unraveling the dark legacy of female friendships. Random House Ballantine Books. ISBN 9780345520517. https://archive.org/details/twistedsisterhoo00vale.

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