Good Behavior Game

Short description: Classroom behavior management strategy

This page is about the classroom behavior strategy. For other uses, see PAX (disambiguation).

The Good Behavior Game (GBG) is a classroom management strategy used to increase self-regulation, group regulation and stimulate prosocial behavior among students while reducing problematic behavior.[1] Major research at Johns Hopkins Center for Prevention and Early Intervention has studied three cohorts of thousands of student, some of whom have been followed from first grade into their 20s. In multiple scientific studies, the Good Behavior Game dramatically reduces problematic behavior within days and weeks.[2][3][4]

The first study of GBG was published in 1969,[5] using a 4th grade classroom. The study was the first application of applied behavior analysis to a whole classroom. In the original study, the classroom was divided into two teams. The students were to engage in the math or reading activities as teams. Paying attention, engaging in the lessons or activity, was the "good behavior". If students engaged in actions that interfered with the lesson (e.g., getting out their seat, interrupting), that was a penalty point against the team—much like playing a sport. Each team could make up a fixed number of mistakes, and still win the game. That is much like professional sports, except both teams could win. If a team won the game, they earned an activity reward normally not allowed, which was based on the Premack Principle. Since the original 1969 study, the Good Behavior Game has become an efficient system to aid in preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.[6][7]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 References
* 3 External links
* 4 Further reading

## Overview

The Good Behavior Game was first used in 1967 in Baldwin City, Kansas by Muriel Saunders, who was then a new teacher in a fourth-grade classroom. Muriel Saunders, Harriet Barrish (a graduate student at the University of Kansas), and the professor and co-founder of applied-behavior analysis, the late Montrose Wolfe, co-created the Good Behavior Game in 1969.[5][8] The Game works by positive peer pressure of 2-to-5 classroom teams, who work together reduce inattentive, disturbing, disruptive, and destructive behaviors that interfere with learning and success. When the teams succeed, all the "winners" earn brief intrinsic activity rewards based on Premack's principle.[9] While the teacher can define the behaviors to be reduced, the game can be just as effective when students define the behaviors to be reduced to make a better learning environment.[10] A scientific major proponent of the benefits of GBG, Dennis Embry argues that the game is more likely to be acceptable, adopted, and sustained by teachers and students, when students actively participate in setting up the "rules" of the game.[3] Students teams win the game by having very low rates of disturbing, disruptive, destructive, or inattentive behaviors. The teacher must respond to such problematic behaviors neutrally and unemotionally, and the person who committed the breach is not called out or given "consequences." Rather, the team has a point against it, not the individual.Cite error: Closing `</ref>` missing for `<ref>` tag[11]

Since the original 1969 study of the Good Behavior Game, there have been multiple randomized control trials conducted by Johns Hopkins University Center for Prevention and Early Intervention.[12][13][14][15]

Studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention and have found numerous benefits including improvement in writing quantity and quality,[16] math ability,[17][18] student behavior,[1] reducing aggression,[1][19] and reducing disruptive behaviors.[20][21]

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Bowman-Perrott, Lisa; Burke, Mack D.; Zaini, Samar; Zhang, Nan; Vannest, Kimberly (2016). "Promoting Positive Behavior Using the Good Behavior Game: A Meta-Analysis of Single-Case Research" (in en). Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 18 (3): 180–190. doi:10.1177/1098300715592355. ISSN 1098-3007. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1098300715592355.
2. ↑ Tingstrom, Daniel H; Sterling-Turner, Heather E; Wilczynski, Susan M (2006). "The Good Behavior Game: 1969-2002". Behavior Modification 30 (2): 225–53. doi:10.1177/0145445503261165. PMID 16464846.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Embry, Dennis D (2002). "The Good Behavior Game: A best practice candidate as a universal behavioral vaccine". Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 5 (4): 273–97. doi:10.1023/A:1020977107086. PMID 12495270.
4. ↑ Smith, Stephanie; Barajas, Kimberly; Ellis, Brandi; Moore, Christina; McCauley, Spencer; Reichow, Brian (2021). "A Meta-Analytic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials of the Good Behavior Game" (in en). Behavior Modification 45 (4): 641–666. doi:10.1177/0145445519878670. ISSN 0145-4455. PMID 31578077. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0145445519878670.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Barrish, Harriet H; Saunders, Muriel; Wolf, Montrose M (1969). "Good behavior game: Effects of individual contingencies for group consequences on disruptive behavior in a classroom1". Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2 (2): 119–24. doi:10.1901/jaba.1969.2-119. PMID 16795208.
6. ↑ Tingstrom, Daniel H.; Sterling-Turner, Heather E.; Wilczynski, Susan M. (2006). "The Good Behavior Game: 1969-2002" (in en). Behavior Modification 30 (2): 225–253. doi:10.1177/0145445503261165. ISSN 0145-4455. PMID 16464846. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0145445503261165.
7. ↑ Kellam, Sheppard G.; Mackenzie, Amelia C. L.; Brown, C. Hendricks; Poduska, Jeanne M.; Wang, Wei; Petras, Hanno; Wilcox, Holly C. (2011). "The Good Behavior Game and the Future of Prevention and Treatment". Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 6 (1): 73–84. ISSN 1940-0632. PMID 22003425.
8. ↑ Barrish, Harriet (1982). "Citation Classic - Good Behavior Game - Effects Of Individual Contingencies For Group Consequences On Disruptive Behavior In A Classroom". Citation Classics 16: 16. http://garfield.library.upenn.edu/classics1982/A1982NL36800001.pdf.
9. ↑ "Behaviour game produces positive classroom results". CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/behaviour-game-produces-positive-classroom-results-1.1274004.
10. ↑ Fishbein, Jill E.; Wasik, Barbara H. (1981). "Effect of the good behavior game on disruptive library behavior". Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 14 (1): 89–93. doi:10.1901/jaba.1981.14-89. PMID 16795642.
11. ↑ Harris, V. W; Sherman, J. A (1973). "Use and analysis of the "Good Behavior Game" to reduce disruptive classroom behavior". Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 6 (3): 405–17. doi:10.1901/jaba.1973.6-405. PMID 16795423.
12. ↑ Dolan, Lawrence J; Kellam, Sheppard G; Brown, C Hendricks; Werthamer-Larsson, Lisa; Rebok, George W; Mayer, Lawrence S; Laudolff, Jolene; Turkkan, Jaylan S et al. (1993). "The short-term impact of two classroom-based preventive interventions on aggressive and shy behaviors and poor achievement". Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 14 (3): 317–45. doi:10.1016/0193-3973(93)90013-L.
13. ↑ Ialongo, Nicholas S; Werthamer, Lisa; Kellam, Sheppard G; Brown, C Hendricks; Wang, Songbai; Lin, Yuhua (1999). "Proximal Impact of Two First-Grade Preventive Interventions on the Early Risk Behaviors for Later Substance Abuse, Depression, and Antisocial Behavior". American Journal of Community Psychology 27 (5): 599–641. doi:10.1023/A:1022137920532. PMID 10676542.
14. ↑ Smith, Emilie Phillips; Osgood, D. Wayne; Oh, Yoonkyung; Caldwell, Linda C (2017). "Promoting Afterschool Quality and Positive Youth Development: Cluster Randomized Trial of the Pax Good Behavior Game". Prevention Science 19 (2): 159–73. doi:10.1007/s11121-017-0820-2. PMID 28766191.
15. ↑ Jiang, Depeng; Santos, Rob; Josephson, Wendy; Mayer, Teresa; Boyd, Leanne (2018). "A Comparison of Variable- and Person-Oriented Approaches in Evaluating a Universal Preventive Intervention". Prevention Science 19 (6): 738–747. doi:10.1007/s11121-018-0881-x. PMID 29500615.
16. ↑ Fallon, Lindsay M.; Marcotte, Amanda M.; Hamsho, Narmene F.; Robinson-Link, Patrick; Ferron, John M. (2021). "The impact of the good behavior game on writing quantity and quality." (in en). School Psychology 36 (4): 255–260. doi:10.1037/spq0000436. ISSN 2578-4226. PMID 34292045. http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/spq0000436.
17. ↑ Conradi, L. A., Ryan, J., Fudge, O., Jameson, J. M., Fischer, A. J., Farrell, M., ... & McDonnell, J. (2021). Effects of the Good Behavior Game on Students with Severe Disabilities. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 56(4), 454-465.
18. ↑ Flower, Andrea; McKenna, John; Muething, Colin S.; Bryant, Diane Pedrotty; Bryant, Brian R. (2014). "Effects of the Good Behavior Game on Classwide Off-Task Behavior in a High School Basic Algebra Resource Classroom" (in en). Behavior Modification 38 (1): 45–68. doi:10.1177/0145445513507574. ISSN 0145-4455. PMID 24132991. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0145445513507574.
19. ↑ Flower, Andrea; McKenna, John W.; Bunuan, Rommel L.; Muething, Colin S.; Vega, Ramon (2014). "Effects of the Good Behavior Game on Challenging Behaviors in School Settings" (in en). Review of Educational Research 84 (4): 546–571. doi:10.3102/0034654314536781. ISSN 0034-6543. http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3102/0034654314536781.
20. ↑ RODRÍGUEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, A. G., VALLEJO-CASARÍN, A. G., SALDAÑA-GUTIÉRREZ, A. Y., & RIVERA-BARRIENTOS, A. M. Good Behavior Game as a Strategy to Reduce Disruptive Behavior in Mexican Students. Contenido/Summary, 29.
21. ↑ Meredith Murphy, J.; Hawkins, Renee O.; Nabors, Laura (2020). "Combining Social Skills Instruction and the Good Behavior Game to Support Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders" (in en). Contemporary School Psychology 24 (2): 228–238. doi:10.1007/s40688-019-00226-3. ISSN 2159-2020. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40688-019-00226-3.

## External links

* Muriel Saunders bio

## Further reading

* "Behavior Game Played in Primary Grades Reduces Later Drug-Related Problems". NIDA Notes. National Institute on Drug Abuse. April 1, 2010. https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/nida-notes/2010/04/behavior-game-played-in-primary-grades-reduces-later-drug-related-problems.
* Barrish, Harriet H; Saunders, Muriel; Wolf, Montrose M (1969). "Good behavior game: Effects of individual contingencies for group consequences on disruptive behavior in a classroom1". Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 2 (2): 119–24. doi:10.1901/jaba.1969.2-119. PMID 16795208.
* Donaldson, Jeanne M; Vollmer, Timothy R; Krous, Tangala; Downs, Susan; Berard, Kerri P (2011). "An Evaluation of the Good Behavior Game in Kindergarten Classrooms". Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 44 (3): 605–9. doi:10.1901/jaba.2011.44-605. PMID 21941390.
* Kleinman, Kimberly E; Saigh, Philip A (2010). "The Effects of the Good Behavior Game on the Conduct of Regular Education New York City High School Students". Behavior Modification 35 (1): 95–105. doi:10.1177/0145445510392213. PMID 21177520.
* Lannie, Amanda L; McCurdy, Barry L (2007). "Preventing Disruptive Behavior in the Urban Classroom: Effects of the Good Behavior Game on Student and Teacher Behavior". Education and Treatment of Children 30 (2): 382–92. doi:10.1353/etc.2007.0002.
* Saigh, P A; Umar, A M (1983). "The effects of a good behavior game on the disruptive behavior of Sundanese elementary school students". Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis 16 (3): 339–44. doi:10.1901/jaba.1983.16-339. PMID 6643325.
* Salend, Spencer J; Reynolds, Catharine J; Coyle, Eileen Margaret (2016). "Individualizing the Good Behavior Game Across Type and Frequency of Behavior with Emotionally Disturbed Adolescents". Behavior Modification 13 (1): 108–26. doi:10.1177/01454455890131007. PMID 2923610.
* Swiezy, Naomi B; Matson, Johnny L; Box, Peggy (1993). "The Good Behavior Game: A Token Reinforcement System for Preschoolers". Child & Family Behavior Therapy 14 (3): 21–32. doi:10.1300/J019v14n03_02.
* Tanol, Gizem; Johnson, Leanne; McComas, Jennifer; Cote, Erin (2010). "Responding to rule violations or rule following: A comparison of two versions of the Good Behavior Game with kindergarten students". Journal of School Psychology 48 (5): 337–55. doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2010.06.001. PMID 20728687.

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