High-trust and low-trust societies

Short description: Sociology concept

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A low-trust society is defined as one in which interpersonal trust is relatively low, and shared ethical values are lacking.[1] Conversely, a high-trust society is one where interpersonal trust is relatively high, and where ethical values are strongly shared.

## Contents

* 1 Institutions and mechanisms
* 2 Self-governance
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading

## Institutions and mechanisms

According to researchers, low-trust societies are typically kinship-based;[1] outcomes of low-trust societies can include difficulty in forming and maintaining corporate structures.[2] Mechanisms and institutions that are corrupted, dysfunctional, or absent in low-trust societies include respect for private property rights, a trusted civil court system, democratic voting and acceptance of electoral outcomes, and voluntary tax payment.[3]

Research has identified a correlation between linear-active cultures (i.e. following a daily schedule with a single task at a time)[4] with high-trust societies, and multi-active cultures (flexible schedules with many tasks at once, often in an unplanned order) with low-trust cultures.[5]

## Self-governance

High-trust societies display a high degree of mutual trust not imposed by outside "contractual, legal or hierarchical regulation", but instead are based upon "prior moral consensus".[1] Much writing on the subject refers to Francis Fukuyama's 1995 book, Trust: Social Virtues and Creation of Prosperity, in which he describes "the ability of various peoples to organize effectively for commercial purposes without relying on blood ties or government intervention".[6]

## See also

* Crime statistics
* Immigration and crime
* Paradox of tolerance

## References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Natale, S.M.; Hoffman, R.P.; Hayward, G. (1998). Business Education and Training: Corporate Structures, Business, and the Management of Values. Business education and training : a value-laden process. University Press of America. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-7618-1003-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=Qd6Lht4f3kUC&pg=PA35.
2. ↑ Govier, Trudy (1997). Social Trust and Human Communities. Social Trust and Human Communities. Montreal; Buffalo: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-7735-1680-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=qgoK0cL_NDcC&pg=PA132.
3. ↑ Rose, D.C. (2011). The Moral Foundation of Economic Behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-19-978177-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=YJxpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA196.
4. ↑ Lewis, Richard D. (2015). When cultures collide: leading across cultures; a major new edition of the global guide (3 ed.). Boston, MA: Brealey. pp. 145-151. ISBN 978-1-904838-02-9. https://www.mediaculture.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/When-Cultures-Collide.pdf. Retrieved 2025-08-27.
5. ↑ Hopkins, B. (2012). Cultural Differences and Improving Performance: How Values and Beliefs Influence Organizational Performance. Ashgate Publishing Limited. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-4094-5862-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=yLhFyzNMKf0C&pg=PA120.
6. ↑ Fukuyama, Francis (1996). TRUST. A Free Press paperbacks book (1 ed.). New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0-02-910976-2. https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/francis-fukuyama/trust/.

## Further reading

* Trust me, a 2016 Freakonomics Radio episode about trust in societies
* The Origins of the Greek debt crisis on YouTube – Example of low-trust society.

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