Indian Century

Short description: Idea that the 21st century may be dominated by India

Republic of India

The Indian Century[1][2] is a neologism suggesting that the 21st century may be dominated by India, as the 20th century is often called the American Century,[3] and the 19th century British Century.[4][5] The phrase is particularly used in the assertion that India's economy could overtake[6][7] the economies of the United States and the economy of China as the largest national economy in the world,[8] a position it historically held[9] from the 1st to the 18th century CE.[10]

## Contents

* 1 Debates and factors
* 2 Data
* 2.1 GDP (nominal) past and forecasts
* 3 See also
* 4 References
* 5 Further reading
* 6 External links

## Debates and factors

According to the report named "Indian Century: Defining India's Place in a Rapidly Changing Global Economy" by IBM Institute for Business Value, India is predicted to be among the world's highest-growth nations over the coming years.[11][12][13]

As per a report released by Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) and McKinsey & Company titled "India’s Century – Achieving sustainable, inclusive growth", India has the potential to become an "economic superpower" before its 100th year of Independence (2047).[14][15]

India is a member of Build Back Better World and has also created North–South Transport Corridor as an alternative to the Belt and Road Initiative policy initiative of China (PRC),[16][17][18] to link in with Iran, Russia, the Caucasus, and Central Asia. In 2017, India and Japan[19][20] joined together to form the Asia-Africa Growth Corridor in order to better integrate the economies of South, Southeast, and East Asia with Oceania and Africa.[19][20] India also engages in the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue and in Malabar (naval exercise) as part of a China containment policy.

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Top five countries by military expenditure in 2023[21]

One of the key factors includes its populous democracy.[22][23] According to a United Nations report, India overtook China to become the world's most populous nation in 2023.[24] Its size and location in Asia and the Indian Ocean poises it to play a significant role in matters around the world, as demonstrated during its time in the British Empire, though this history is also a factor in China's opposition to India's rise.[25]

Economists and researchers at Harvard University have projected India's 7% projected annual growth rate through 2024 will continue to put it ahead of China, making India the fastest growing major economy in the world.[26][27] In 2017, the Center for International Development at Harvard University published a research study[28] projecting that India has emerged[28] as the economic pole of global growth by surpassing China and is expected to maintain its lead over the coming decade.[28]

India has very recently been considered either a major great power or to be emerging as such (well beyond middle powers) and is generally considered an emerging superpower due to its large and stable population and its rapidly growing economic and military sectors.[29]

## Data

### GDP (nominal) past and forecasts

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The top 15 largest economies in the world (GDP nominal from 1990-2030 in billions USD)[30][31] Country  | 1990  | Country  | 2000  | Country  | 2010  | Country  | 2020  | Country  | 2030

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

United States  | 5,963  |  United States  | 10,250  |  United States  | 15,048  |  United States  | 21,354  |  United States  | 37,153
Japan  | 3,185  |  Japan  | 4,968  |  China  | 6,138  |  China  | 15,103  |  China  | 25,827
Germany  | 1,604  |  Germany  | 1,967  |  Japan  | 5,759  |  Japan  | 5,054  |  India  | 6,769
France  | 1,260  |  United Kingdom | 1,668  |  Germany  | 3,470  |  Germany  | 3,936  |  Germany  | 5,575
United Kingdom | 1,197  |  France  | 1,361  |  France  | 2,648  |  United Kingdom | 2,698  |  Japan  | 4,994
Italy  | 1,164  |  China  | 1,220  |  United Kingdom | 2,487  |  India  | 2,674  |  United Kingdom | 4,955
Canada  | 596  |  Italy  | 1,150  |  Brazil  | 2,208  |  France  | 2,645  |  France  | 3,754
Iran  | 581  |  Canada  | 744  |  Italy  | 2,146  |  Italy  | 1,905  |  Canada  | 2,792
Spain  | 536  |  Mexico  | 742  |  India  | 1,675  |  South Korea  | 1,744  |  Italy  | 2,779
Brazil  | 455  |  Brazil  | 655  |  South Africa  | 1,633  |  Canada  | 1,655  |  Brazil  | 2,679
China  | 397  |  Spain  | 598  |  Canada  | 1,617  |  South Africa  | 1,488  |  South Africa  | 2,384
Australia  | 324  |  South Korea  | 597  |  Spain  | 1,429  |  Brazil  | 1,476  |  Spain  | 2,201
Netherlands  | 321  |  India  | 468  |  Australia  | 1,254  |  Australia  | 1,362  |  Australia  | 2,181
India  | 320  |  Netherlands  | 417  |  South Korea  | 1,192  |  Spain  | 1,288  |  Mexico  | 2,151
Mexico  | 307  |  Australia  | 400  |  Mexico  | 1,105  |  Mexico  | 1,121  |  South Korea  | 2,149

## See also

* Angus Maddison statistics of the ten largest economies by GDP (PPP)
* Asian Century
* Chinese Century
* Pax Britannica
* American Century
* Greater India
* History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
* Indianisation
* Indianization of Southeast Asia
* India as a potential superpower
* New world order
* Potential superpowers
* The Next 100 Years: A Forecast for the 21st Century

## References

1. ↑ Nayan Chanda; Clyde Prestowitz (3 December 2012). A World Connected. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0977992201. https://books.google.com/books?id=a_Xhxv5YDjkC&pg=PA19.
2. ↑ Martin Halliwell; Catherine Morley (2008). American Thought and Culture in the 21st Century. Oxford University Press. p. 10. ISBN 9780748626021. https://books.google.com/books?id=l2k5zrO23aAC&pg=PA10.
3. ↑ "21st century is going to be Indian century: Alagappan". 1 December 2007. http://news.oneindia.in/2007/12/01/21st-century-is-going-to-be-indian-century-alagappan-1196517764.html.
4. ↑ Halliwell, Martin; Catherine Morley (2008). American Thought and Culture in the 21st Century. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-0748626021.
5. ↑ admin (2014-06-04). "Empires and Colonialism in the 19th Century" (in en-US). https://numismatics.org/empires-and-colonialism-in-the-19th-century/. Alt URL
6. ↑ "The West and the Rest in the International Economic Order". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. http://oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/884/The_West_and_the_Rest_in_the_International_Economic_Order.html.
7. ↑ "China, India to Overtake U.S. Economy by 2050". U.S. News & World Report. https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2017-02-07/china-india-to-overtake-us-economy-by-2050.
8. ↑ "Of Oxford, economics, empire, and freedom". The Hindu (Chennai). 2 October 2005. http://www.hindu.com/2005/07/10/stories/2005071002301000.htm.
9. ↑ An Era of Darkness: The British Empire in India. Aleph Book Company. 2016. ISBN 978-9383064656.
10. ↑ Schmidt, Karl J. (2015-05-20) (in en). An Atlas and Survey of South Asian History. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-47681-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=BqdzCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA100. Retrieved 21 October 2024. Alt URL
11. ↑ Banda, Madhuri; Patrao, Clifford; Marshall, Anthony. "Indian Century - Defining India's place in a rapidly changing global economy". Institute for Business Value. https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/institute-business-value/report/indiancentury.
12. ↑ Team, BS Web (10 December 2015). "India to be world's highest growth nation in 21st century: IBM study". Business Standard. http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-to-be-world-s-highest-growth-nation-in-21st-century-ibm-study-115121000918_1.html.
13. ↑ "21st century is India's century: IBM chief Virginia Rometty". Moneycontrol.com. 14 July 2015. http://www.moneycontrol.com/news/economy/21st-century-is-indias-century-ibm-chief-virginia-rometty_1963021.html.
14. ↑ Anand, Saurav (2022-12-16). "FICCI, McKinsey lays down roadmap to achieve ₹10 L per capita income by 2047" (in en). https://www.livemint.com/economy/ficci-mckinsey-lays-down-roadmap-to-achieve-rs-10-lakh-per-capita-income-by-2047-11671201066920.html.
15. ↑ "India's Century – Achieving sustainable, inclusive growth". FICCI; McKinsey & Company. December 2022. https://india-century.com/reports/report.pdf.
16. ↑ "India ratifies TIR Convention to access transnational multi-modal connectivity". Mint. 19 June 2017. http://www.livemint.com/Politics/dqvNmMJGbqQAC8pYZPAYdI/India-ratifies-TIR-Convention-to-access-transnational-multi.html.
17. ↑ "Watch Out, China: India Is Building A 'New Silk Road' Of Its Own". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2017/06/28/watch-out-china-india-is-building-a-new-silk-road-of-its-own/#515c8a5a90ec.
18. ↑ "PM Modi in Russia: How fastracking North-South corridor will help India counter Chinese OBOR". The Financial Express (India). June 2017. http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/pm-modi-in-russia-how-fastracking-north-south-corridor-will-help-india-counter-chinese-obor/696639/.
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "India And Japan Join Forces To Counter China And Build Their Own New Silk Road". Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/wadeshepard/2017/07/31/india-and-japan-join-forces-to-counter-china-and-build-their-own-new-silk-road/#2fb1ae0b4982.
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 "Ignoring OBOR, India and Japan forge ahead with joint connectivity project". The Economic Times. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/ignoring-obor-india-and-japan-forge-ahead-with-joint-connectivity-project/articleshow/59830218.cms.
21. ↑ "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2023". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. April 2024. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2024-04/2404_fs_milex_2023.pdf.
22. ↑ "'India’s decade could pave way for an Indian century'." Hindustan Times.
23. ↑ "Next century will be India's, says WSJ". Oman Tribune. http://www.omantribune.com/index.php?page=news&id=61484&heading=India.
24. ↑ "UN DESA Policy Brief No. 153: India overtakes China as the world's most populous country". https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/publication/un-desa-policy-brief-no-153-india-overtakes-china-as-the-worlds-most-populous-country/.
25. ↑ "GMF – The New Great Game: Why the Bush administration has embraced India". 2008-12-16. http://www.gmfus.org/publications/article.cfm?parent_type=P&id=254.
26. ↑ "New Growth Projections Predict the Rise of India, East Africa and Fall of Oil Economies". 7 May 2015. http://www.hks.harvard.edu/news-events/news/articles/new-growth-projections.
27. ↑ "India Will Be Fastest-Growing Economy for Coming Decade, Harvard Researchers Predict". 1 January 2016. https://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2016/01/01/india-will-be-fastest-growing-economy-for-coming-decade-harvard-researchers-predict/.
28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 "New 2025 Global Growth Projections Predict China's Further Slowdown and the Continued Rise of India". Harvard University. http://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/rankings/growth-predictions/.
29. ↑ Lydon, Christopher (6 August 2010). "Real India: A Historian's Cautions on "The Indian Century" (AUDIO)". Huffington Post. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/christopher-lydon/real-india-a-historians-c_b_673262.html.
30. ↑ "World Economic Outlook Database April 2025". https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/April.
31. ↑ "UN data 'Downloads'". https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Downloads.

## Further reading

* "Is this the Indian century?" The Guardian.
* China's Century — or India's? Time
* India, China to become superpowers in two decades The Economic Times.
* China and India: The Power of Two Harvard Business Review
* "Lesson From Old India" The New York Times
* Dirks, Nicholas (2008) The Scandal of Empire: India and the Creation of Imperial Britain. Belknap Press ISBN 978-0-674-02724-4.
* Durant, Will (1930) The Case for India. New York: Simon and Schuster.
* Gupte, Pranay (29 December 2013). "The Indian Century, great war to 2014". Deccan Chronicle. https://www.deccanchronicle.com/131229/commentary-sunday-chronicle/article/indian-century-great-war-2014.
* Kennedy, Paul (1989) The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. Vintage. ISBN 978-0-679-72019-5.
* Lak, Daniel (2009) India Express: The Future of the New Superpower. Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 0-230-61759-X.
* Luce, Edward (2008) In Spite of the Gods: The Rise of Modern India. Anchor ISBN 978-1-4000-7977-3.
* Marks, Robert (2007) The Origins of the Modern World: A Global and Ecological Narrative from the Fifteenth to the Twenty-first Century. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers ISBN 978-0-7425-5419-1.
* McKinsey & Company Inc. (2013) Reimagining India: Unlocking the Potential of Asia's Next Superpower. Simon & Schuster ISBN 978-1-4767-3530-6.
* Meredith, Robyn (2008) The Elephant and the Dragon: The Rise of India and China and What It Means for All of Us. W. W. Norton & Company ISBN 978-0-393-33193-6.
* Parthasarathi, Prasannan (2011) Why Europe Grew Rich and Asia Did Not : Global Economic Divergence, 1600–1850. Cambridge University Press ISBN 978-0-521-16824-3.
* Rothermund, Dietmar (2008) India: The Rise of an Asian Giant. Yale University Press ISBN 978-0-300-11309-9
* Sieff, Martin (2010) Shifting Superpowers: The New and Emerging Relationships between the United States, China and India. Cato Institute ISBN 978-1-935308-21-8.
* Smith, Jeff (2013) Cold Peace: China-India Rivalry in the Twenty-First Century. Lexington Books ISBN 978-0-7391-8278-9.
* Tharoor, Shashi (2012) Pax Indica: India and the World of the Twenty-First Century. Penguin Global ISBN 978-0-670-08574-3.

## External links

* Infographic: Share of world GDP throughout history | Infogram
* How the British Ruined India
* "India will be the biggest superpower". http://www.rediff.com/money/2006/mar/29minter.htm.

* v
* t
* e

Power in international relations

| Types|

* Economic
* Energy
* Food
* Hard
* National
* Power politics
* Realpolitik
* Smart
* Soft
* Sharp

|

Status|

* Small
* Middle
* Regional
* Emerging
* Great
* Potential
* Super
* Hyper

Geopolitics|

* American (Pax)
* Asian
* British
* Chinese
* Indian
* Pacific

History|

* List of ancient great powers
* List of medieval great powers
* List of modern great powers
* International relations of the Great Powers (1814–1919)

Theory|

* Balance of power
* European
* Center of power
* Hegemonic stability theory
* Philosophy of power
* Polarity
* Power projection
* Power transition theory
* Second Superpower
* Sphere of influence
* Superpower collapse
* Superpower disengagement

Studies|

* Composite Index of National Capability
* Comprehensive National Power

Organizations and groups by region

| Africa|

* African Union
* Union for the Mediterranean

|

Africa–Asia|

* Arab League
* Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
* Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)

Americas|

* Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
* Mercosur
* North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
* Organization of American States (OAS)
* Union of South American Nations (Unasur)

Asia|

* Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)
* Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
* Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
* China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summits
* Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
* South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
* Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

Europe|

* Council of Europe (CE)
* European Union (EU)
* Nordic Council
* Visegrád Group

Eurasia|

* Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
* Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
* Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
* Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)
* Turkic Council

North America–Europe|

* North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
* Arctic Council

Africa–Asia–Europe|

* Union for the Mediterranean

Africa–South America|

* South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone

Oceania–Pacific|

* Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)
* Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
* Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)
* Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)
* Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)

Non–regional|

* Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)
* Commonwealth of Nations
* Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
* Colombia–Indonesia–Vietnam–Egypt–Turkey–South Africa (CIVETS)
* E7
* E9
* G4
* G7
* G8
* G8+5
* G20
* G24
* G77
* India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)
* Mexico–Indonesia–Nigeria–Turkey (MINT)
* Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
* Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
* Uniting for Consensus

Global|

* United Nations (UN)

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