Koiarian languages

Short description: Family of Trans–New Guinea languages

Koiarian

Koiari – Managalas Plateau
Geographic
distribution| Southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea:
Central Province and Oro Province
Linguistic classification| Trans–New Guinea

* Papuan Peninsula
* Owen Stanley Range[1]
* Koiarian

Subdivisions|

* Koiaric
* Baraic

Glottolog| koia1260[2]

The Koiarian languages /kɔɪˈɑːriən/[3] Koiari are a small family of Trans-New Guinea languages spoken in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are sometimes included in a speculative Southeast Papuan branch of Trans-New Guinea (TNG), but the Southeast Papuan families have not been shown to be any more closely related to each other than they are to other TNG families.

## Contents

* 1 Languages
* 2 Pronouns
* 3 Evolution
* 4 Phonotactics
* 5 References
* 6 Further reading

## Languages

The languages are:

* Koiaric branch: Grass Koiari, Mountain Koiari–Koitabu
* Baraic branch: Barai–Namiae, Ese (Managalasi), Ömie

Dutton (2010) classifies the Koiarian languages as:[4]: 3

* Baraic
* Ömie
* Barai–Managalasi
* Koiaric
* Mountain Koiari
* Koita–Koiari

## Pronouns

Pronouns are:

| sg | pl

|
|

1  | ? | *no
2  | *a | *ya
3  | *ahu | *yabu

1sg is Koiaric *da (= nda?) or maybe *di, Baraic *na.

## Evolution

Koiarian reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[5]

Koiari language:

* muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
* uni ‘egg’ < *mun(a,i,u)ka
* idu ‘tree’ < *inda
* iya ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
* karika ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
* muni ‘stone < *(na)muna
* nana ‘older same-sex sibling’ < *nan(a,i)
* u-tuvu ‘ashes’ < *kambu-sumbu

Managalasi language:

* ata ‘bone’ < *kondaC
* muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
* iha ‘name’ < *imbi
* uma ‘louse’ < *iman
* uka ‘bird’ < *yaka
* tuua ‘short’ < *tukumba[C]
* muna ‘stone’ < *(na)muna
* ija ‘tree’ < *inda
* otoka ‘knee’ < *(k,ŋg)atuk
* kora ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata

## Phonotactics

Like the Binanderean languages, Barai and other Koiarian languages only allow for open syllables and do not allow final CVC.[5]: 87

## References

1. ↑ New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds (2017). "Koiarian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/koia1260.
3. ↑ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
4. ↑ Dutton, Tom. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family. (Pacific Linguistics, 610.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". in Palmer, Bill. The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21-196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.

*   * Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". in Andrew Pawley. Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15-66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.

## Further reading

* Proto-Koiarian. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
* Proto-Koiariac. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
* Proto-Baraic. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.

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