Leadership core

Short description: Leader recognized as central in the Chinese Communist Party

China

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
China

Leadership

Leadership generations
Succession of power

* Hu–Wen Administration (2002-2012)
* Xi–Li Administration (2012-2017)
* Xi Core Administration (since 2017)
* 4th Leadership Core: Xi Jinping
* 19th Party Politburo: Xi Jinping
* 13th State Council: Li Keqiang
* Current state leaders
* Current provincial leaders

National leaders
Orders of precedence

* Paramount leader: Xi Jinping
* Communist Party leader: Xi Jinping
* Head of state: Xi Jinping
* Head of government: Li Keqiang
* Congress Chairman: Li Zhanshu
* Conference Chairman: Wang Yang
* Commander-in-chief: Xi Jinping
* Politburo Standing Committee members

Related systems

* Democratic centralism
* Collective leadership
* Organization Department
* Elections
* Civil service

Communist Party

History

* Principal leaders

Constitution

* Admission Oath (Article 6)

Organization

* National Party Congress (19th)
* Central Committee (19th)

General Secretary (list)

Xi Jinping
* Central Politburo (19th)

Standing Committee (list)

* Central Secretariat

Top-ranked secretary: Wang Huning

* Central Military Commission

Chairman: Xi Jinping

Vice-Chairmen:

Xu Qiliang, Zhang Youxia
* National Security Commission

Chairman: Xi Jinping

Vice-Chairmen:

Li Keqiang, Li Zhanshu

Office Chief: Ding Xuexiang

* Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission

Director: Xi Jinping

Deputy Directors:

Li Keqiang, Wang Huning, Han Zheng

Secretary-General: Wang Huning

* Financial & Economic Affairs Commission

Director: Xi Jinping

Deputy Director: Li Keqiang

Office Chief: Liu He

* General Office

Director: Ding Xuexiang
* General Secretary's Office [zh; zh; 中国共产党中央委员会总书记办公室]

Chief: Ding Xuexiang
* Central Security Bureau
* Central Guard Unit
* Office of the Central Secrecy Commission
* Organization Department

Head: Chen Xi
* Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (19th)

Secretary: Zhao Leji

* * *

* Provincial committee
* Standing committee

Secretary
Deputy secretaries

United Front

* Political Consultative Conference
* National Committee

Chairman: Wang Yang

Vice-Chairpersons

Top-ranked: Zhang Qingli
Secretary-General: Xia Baolong
* Political parties:

CPC (ruling)

United Front Work Department

Head: You Quan

* RCCK
* CDL
* CDNCA
* CAPD
* CPWDP
* CZGP
* JS
* TDSGL

* Federation of Industry and Commerce
* People's organizations

Ideology

* Marxism–Leninism
* Mao Zedong Thought
* Socialism with Chinese characteristics

* Deng Xiaoping Theory

Primary stage of socialism
Four Cardinal Principles
* Three Represents
* Scientific Outlook on Development

Harmonious Socialist Society

* Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era

Chinese Dream
Four Comprehensives

* Constitution
* Law

* Constitution

Previous constitutions

* 1954
* 1975
* 1978

* "People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1)

* Democratic centralism (Article 3)
* Constitutional oath of office (Article 27)
* Protection of human rights (Article 33)
* Freedom of religion (Article 36)

* * *

* Chinese legal system
* Civil law tradition
* Socialist law tradition
* Laws
* Legislation Law
* List of statutes

* * *

* General Principles of the Civil Law
* Marriage Law
* Labour law
* Labour Law
* Labour Contract Law
* Property law
* Property Law
* Intellectual property law
* Patent law

* * *

* Administrative law
* Administrative Procedure Law

* * *

* Criminal law
* Capital punishment
* Capital offences
* Death sentence with reprieve

Legislative

* National People's Congress (13th)

Members
* Plenary sessions

Voting results
* Presidium
* Standing Committee

Chairman: Li Zhanshu

Vice-Chairpersons

Top-ranked: Wang Chen
Secretary-General: Yang Zhenwu [zh; zh; 杨振武]
Members
* Special committees
1. Ethnic Affairs
2. Constitution and Law
3. Supervisory and Judicial Affairs
4. Financial and Economic Affairs
5. Education, Science, Culture and Public Health
6. Foreign Affairs
7. Overseas Chinese Affairs
8. Environment Protection and Resources Conservation
9. Agriculture and Rural Affairs
10. Social Development Affairs
* Legislation Law
* Elections

Presidency

* President (list): Xi Jinping

Presidential spouse: Peng Liyuan

* Presidential Office [zh; zh; 中华人民共和国主席办公室]

Chief: Ding Xuexiang
* Vice-President: Wang Qishan

Executive

* State Council (Central People's Government)
* Li Keqiang Cabinet II

Premier (list): Li Keqiang

Vice-Premiers (list)

* Han Zheng
* Sun Chunlan
* Hu Chunhua
* Liu He

State Councilors

* Wei Fenghe
* Wang Yong
* Wang Yi
* Xiao Jie
* Zhao Kezhi

Secretary-General: Xiao Jie

* Cabinet-level departments
* National Development & Reform Commission
* Central bank
* National Audit Office
* General Office

Secretary-General
Deputy Secretary-Generals
* State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission
* Main Central Enterprises

Military

* Central Military Commission (CMC)

Chairman (supreme commander):

Xi Jinping
Vice-Chairmen:

* Xu Qiliang
* Zhang Youxia

Members:

* Wei Fenghe
* Li Zuocheng
* Miao Hua
* Zhang Shengmin

Departments:
1. General Office
2. Joint Staff Dept.

Chief: Li Zuocheng
3. Political Work Dept.

Director: Miao Hua
4. Logistic Support Dept.
5. Equipment Development Dept.
6. Training & Administration Dept.
7. National Defense Mobilization Dept.
8. Discipline Inspection Commission

Secretary: Zhang Shengmin
9. Politics & Legal Affairs Commission
10. Science & Technology Commission
11. Strategic Planning Office
12. Reform & Organizational Structure Office
13. Int'l Military Cooperation Office
14. Audit Office
15. Offices Administration Agency
National armed forces:

People's Liberation Army

Theater commands
People's Armed Police

China Coast Guard
Militia
* State Council

National Defense Mobilization Commission

Chairman: Li Keqiang

Ministry of National Defense

Minister: Wei Fenghe

Ministry of Veterans Affairs
State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense

* * *

Military history

* Armed conflicts
* Military modernization
* Military reform since 2015
* CMC Leading Group for Military Reform

Leader: Xi Jinping

Supervision

* Corruption in China
* Anti-corruption campaign since 2012

* * *

* CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (19th)

Secretary: Zhao Leji
Deputy Secretaries

* Yang Xiaodu
* Zhang Shengmin
* Liu Jinguo
* Yang Xiaochao
* Li Shulei
* Xu Lingyi
* Xiao Pei
* Chen Xiaojiang

Secretary-General: Yang Xiaochao
* National Supervisory Commission

Director: Yang Xiaodu
* Central Leading Group for Inspection Work

Leader: Zhao Leji

* * *

* Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission

Secretary: Zhang Shengmin

* * *

* Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)

* * *

* Commission Against Corruption (Macau)

* Judiciary
* Law enforcement

* CPC Central Politics and Law Commission

Secretary: Guo Shengkun

* Supreme People's Court

President: Zhou Qiang

People's Courts Judicial Police
* Supreme People's Procuratorate

Prosecutor General: Zhang Jun

People's Procuratorates Judicial Police
* State Council
* Ministry of Public Security

Minister: Zhao Kezhi (State Councilor)

Public Security Organs People's Police
* State Immigration Administration
* Local public security bureaus
* Ministry of State Security

Minister: Chen Wenqing

State Security Organs People's Police
* Ministry of Justice

Minister: Fu Zhenghua

Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police
* Bureau of Prison Administration [zh; zh; 司法部监狱管理局]
* Office for Safeguarding National Security of the CPG in the HKSAR

* * *

* Urban Management (chengguan)

* * *

* Judiciary of Hong Kong
* Court of Final Appeal
* Department of Justice
* Prosecutions Division
* Law enforcement in Hong Kong
* Security Bureau
* Regular Disciplined Services
* Hong Kong Police Force

* * *

* Judiciary of Macau
* Court of Final Appeal
* Public Prosecutions Office
* Secretariat for Security
* Macau Security Force
* Unitary Police Services [zh; zh; 警察總局]
* Public Security Police
* Judiciary Police [zh; zh; 司法警察局]

Publicity

* Central Leading Group for Propaganda and Ideology

Leader: Wang Huning

* Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization

Director: Wang Huning

Deputy Director: Huang Kunming

* Central Publicity (Propaganda) Department

Head: Huang Kunming

* National Press and Publication Administration
* China Film Administration [zh; zh; 国家电影局]
* State Council Information Office
* China Daily
* Ministry of Culture and Tourism
* National Radio and Television Administration
* China Media Group
* China Central Television
* China Global Television Network
* China National Radio
* China Radio International
* Xinhua News Agency
* Reference News
* China News Service
* People's Daily
* Global Times
* China Today

* * *

* Censorship in China
* Radio jamming
* Overseas censorship of Chinese issues
* Media of China
* Internal media
* Publishing industry in China

* * *

* Internet in China
* Internet censorship
* Great Firewall
* Great Cannon
* Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission

Director: Xi Jinping

Deputy director: Li Keqiang

* Cyberspace Administration of China

Director: Xu Lin

* Hong Kong
* Macau

* Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs

Leader: Han Zheng
* HK & Macau Affairs Office

Director: Zhang Xiaoming
* Liaison Office in Hong Kong
* Liaison Office in Macau
* One country, two systems
* Special administrative regions

* * *

* Hong Kong Basic Law
* Chief Executive: Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor
* Hong Kong SAR Government
* Politics of Hong Kong
* Independence movement
* Mainland & HK CEPA

* * *

* Macao Basic Law
* Chief Executive: Chui Sai On
* Macau SAR Government
* Politics of Macau
* Mainland & Macau CEPA

Cross-Strait relations

* Cross-Strait relations
* Chinese Civil War
* One-China policy
* Political status of Taiwan
* Republic of China on Taiwan
* Taiwan Area
* "Taiwan Province", PRC
* Taiwan independence movement
* Anti-Secession Law
* Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement
* Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement
* Chinese unification

* * *

* Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs

Leader: Xi Jinping
Deputy Leader: Wang Yang
* Taiwan Affairs Office

Director: Zhang Zhijun
* Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits

Foreign relations

* Central Foreign Affairs Commission

Director: Xi Jinping
Deputy Director: Li Keqiang
Secretary-General: Yang Jiechi
* Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Minister: Wang Yi (State Councilor)
Spokespersons
Diplomatic missions

* * *

* Diplomatic missions of China / in China

* * *

* Foreign aid from China / to China
* International Development Cooperation Agency
* Ministry of Commerce
* Exim Bank of China
* China Development Bank
* Belt and Road Initiative
* Silk Road Fund
* Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
* BRICS
* New Development Bank

* * *

* Ministry of National Defense
* International Military Cooperation Office

* * *

* NPC Foreign Affairs Committee
* CPC International Liaison Department
* State Council Information Office
* State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs
* Overseas Chinese Affairs Office

* * *

* Chinese nationality law
* Chinese passports (Hong Kong; Macau)
* Visa requirements for Chinese citizens (Hong Kong, Macau)
* Visa policy of China (Hong Kong; Macau)
* National Immigration Administration

* * *

* Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
* Panda diplomacy
* Beijing Consensus
* Sino-British Joint Declaration
* One country, two systems

* * *

* China and the United Nations
* China and the World Trade Organization
* Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

* * *

* China–Africa relations
* China–Caribbean relations
* China–European Union relations
* China–Pacific relations
* China–Russia relations
* China–United States relations

Related topics

* Administrative divisions
* Hukou system
* Family planning
* Ethnic minorities
* Communism

* Other countries

* v
* t
* e

In modern Chinese politics, a leadership core or core leader (Chinese: 领导核心; pinyin: lǐngdǎo héxīn) refers to a person who is recognized as central to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Four individuals so far have been given this designation: Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Xi Jinping. The leader of the fourth generation, Hu Jintao, has never been referred to as core throughout his term as CCP general secretary. The designation is not a formal title and does not hold legal weight, but its use in official party documentation gives its holder a precisely defined place in theory on their relative standing to the rest of the CCP leadership. The leadership core operates as part of the Leninist concept of democratic centralism, and is intended to represent a vital center rather than a hierarchical peak, which differentiates it from the role of paramount leader.[citation needed] Although all core leaders have also been paramount leaders, not all paramount leaders are or have been designated 'leadership core'.[citation needed]

## History

From the pivotal Zunyi Conference forward, Mao Zedong was the undisputed leader of the CCP, though he did not formally become CCP chairman until 1943. However, much of Mao's authority was informal, earned after years of building clout through the civil war and intra-party struggles. After Mao died in 1976, his successor as party chairman, Hua Guofeng, was unable to build a strong coalition of support in spite of having a wide range of official titles. Deng Xiaoping emerged as the pre-eminent leader of China in 1978, and was indisputably the highest authority in the country throughout the 1980s even though he held only one formal government post, that of chairman of the Central Military Commission.[citation needed]

Following the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, Zhao Ziyang, the party's General Secretary and widely recognized as Deng's successor at the time, was sidelined due to his sympathy to student protesters. In his place, party elders brought in then Shanghai party secretary Jiang Zemin to take over the position of general secretary. However, Jiang, who had spent much of his career in Shanghai, was a compromise candidate who had no prior experience in the party's central organization. Consolidating his power and raising his stature in the party required the backing of Deng and other party elders, but also a recognition from other members of the party leadership that Jiang was now the dominant leadership figure.[1][a fact or an opinion?]

To strengthen Jiang's position in spite of his relatively thin political resume, Deng advanced the idea of the "leadership core", referencing Mao as the core of the party during the revolution in the early years of the People's Republic, and declaring himself the core of the party since the beginning of economic reforms. The term "core", which invoked a concentric, non-hierarchical image, was a clever political innovation that avoided designating any individual as "supreme" and "above the rest". It implicitly recognized the political ills of the personality cult during the Mao era while also allowing for the embodiment of unity around a single leadership figure.[2]

In June 1989, shortly following the military's advance on Beijing to quell the protests, Deng said to other party leaders, "every leadership collective must have a core; a leading collective without a core is unreliable." Ostensibly, Deng was making a reference to the diffusion of power after the death of Mao. In response, Deng declared, Jiang Zemin would become the core of the "third generation" of Communist Party leaders. Jiang was referred to as a "core" in official documentation for the first time on November 9, 1989, at the closing of the Fifth Plenum of the 13th Central Committee. Deng called for the party leaders to "closely rally around the party center with Jiang Zemin as its core."[3] The phrase was then oft-repeated as a familiar slogan in official party documentation thereafter,[2] until the succession of Hu Jintao as party leader in 2002.[4]

Upon Hu's taking on the titles of the party and the state, Jiang refused to relinquish the chairmanship of the Central Military Commission until 2005, in a move that paralleled Deng holding the title in the 1980s, when the party was nominally run by other people.[citation needed] However, Jiang lacked Deng's clout, and was criticized by some members of the party for overstaying his term and meddling in the affairs of his successor.[citation needed] Jiang had stacked the Politburo Standing Committee, which made decisions based on consensus, with his own allies, constraining Hu's authority. Hu was therefore largely seen as a "first-among-equals" figure with his Standing Committee colleagues. Not only could he not rule by fiat, but that he never earned recognition as "core" was also a signal that he possibly even lacked the power of arbitration that was normally accorded to a "core" figure. In this leadership collective, Hu was never referred to explicitly as the new "core" of the party. Instead, the party documents used the phrase, "united around the party center with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary."[citation needed]

Xi Jinping succeeded Hu as General Secretary in 2012. He embarked on a series of bold programs to eliminate corruption and reform the economy. By 2016, his pre-eminent status became widely understood and many provincial party chiefs began declaring fealty to him and again invoking the term "leadership core". Xi's official status as the "core" was announced at a gathering of the sixth plenary session of the 18th Central Committee that year.[4]

## References

1. ↑ "习近平为什么被确立为"核心"" (in zh). Duowei. October 28, 2016. http://opinion.dwnews.com/news/2016-10-27/59778186.html.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "胡锦涛未获"核心"称号暗藏巨大秘密" (in zh). Creaders via Duowei. February 5, 2016. http://news.creaders.net/china/2016/02/05/1636697.html.
3. ↑ "第十三届中央委员会第五次全体会议公报" (in zh). People's Daily. November 9, 1989. http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64168/64566/65388/4441852.html.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Xi Jinping becomes 'core' leader of China" (in en-GB). The Guardian. 2016-10-27. ISSN 0261-3077. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/27/xi-jinping-becomes-core-leader-of-china.

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