Lemon socialism

Short description: Government subsidies to failing firms

"Ersatz capitalism" redirects here. For Kunio Yoshihara's analysis of the early rising economies of East Asia, see Ersatz capitalism (Southeast Asia).

Lemon socialism is a pejorative term for a form of government intervention in which government subsidies go to weak or failing firms (lemons; see Lemon law), with the effective result that the government (and thus the taxpayer) absorbs part or all of the recipient's losses.[1][2] The term derives from the conception that in socialism the government may nationalize a company in its entirety, while in lemon socialism the company is allowed to keep its profits but its losses are shifted to the taxpayer. As ersatz capitalism, it may also refer to Joseph Stiglitz's assessment of neo-liberalism, cartelization and rent-seeking in the American economy, "run for and by the powerful".[3]

Such payments may be made with the intent of preventing further, systemic damage to what might otherwise be considered a free marketplace.[4][5] For example, the bailout that followed the 2008 financial crisis may be described as lemon socialism.[6][7][8] The pejorative arises from the belief among free market economists that in a functional free market, failing companies would be replaced by better functioning companies in response to market demand.

The term may also be used to describe government efforts to nationalize companies or industries, in which the government takes over failing companies without taking over healthy companies.[9][10] Advocates of free markets may then point to the faltering, nationalized enterprises as examples of how government regulation hurts business.[5]

## Contents

* 1 Origin
* 2 Other languages
* 3 See also
* 4 References

## Origin

Mark Green coined the phrase in a 1974 article discussing the utility company Con Ed.[9][11]

The sentiment was earlier expressed in the adage "socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor", which was in use by the 1960s, though the notion of privatizing profits and socializing losses dates at least to 1834 with Andrew Jackson's closing of the Second Bank of the United States and transfer of its assets to privately owned "pet banks" controlled by political allies.

Joseph Stiglitz used the term ersatz capitalism to describe a similar approach by Barack Obama.[12]

## Other languages

In Icelandic, lemon socialism is known as Sósíalismi andskotans, meaning "the devil's socialism", a term coined by Vilmundur Jónsson (1889–1971, Iceland's Surgeon General) in the 1930s to criticize alleged crony capitalism in Landsbanki, which gained renewed currency in the debate over the 2008–2012 Icelandic financial crisis.[13] Lemon socialism, or more precisely crony capitalism, is also referred to as Pilsfaldakapítalismi, meaning "skirt capitalism", pilsfaldur being the hemline of the skirt; and the term referring to children hiding behind their mothers' skirts after having done something wrong to criticize the alleged lack of transparency in dealings and reluctance to deal with bad consequences by themselves.

## See also

* British Leyland
* Corporate welfare
* Crony capitalism
* Gresham's law
* Regulatory capture
* Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor
* Too big to fail
* Zombie company

## References

1. ↑ Krugman, Paul (30 January 2009). "The Geithner put". New York Times. https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/30/the-geithner-put/. (Defining lemon socialism as "socialized losses, privatized profits.")
2. ↑ Rithotz, Barry (6 July 2015). "Greeks Stand Up to 'Lemon Socialism'". Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2015-07-06/greeks-stand-up-to-lemon-socialism-.
3. ↑ Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2024-11-28). "The message to Democrats is clear: you must dump neoliberal economics". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/business/2024/nov/28/the-message-to-democrats-is-clear-you-must-dump-neoliberal-economics.
4. ↑ Green, Jonathon (1984). Newspeak: A Dictionary of Jargon. Routledge. pp. 142. ISBN 0-7100-9685-2. https://archive.org/details/newspeakdictiona0000gree/page/142.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Shaw, Randy (18 September 2008). "The Return of "Lemon" Socialism". Beyond Chron. https://www.beyondchron.org/articles/The_Return_of_Lemon_Socialism_6098.html.
6. ↑ Noah, Timothy (30 September 2008). "GOP, RIP? Nearly three decades of Republican dominance may be coming to an end". Slate. https://www.slate.com/id/2201245/.
7. ↑ Will, George F. (29 September 2008). "Bailout on Wheels". The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/09/19/AR2008091903183.html.
8. ↑ "The Bush Crisis Plan: Greatest transfer of wealth in world history". Pravda. 24 September 2008. https://english.pravda.ru/world/asia/24-09-2008/106441-bush_crisis_plan-0.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Green, Mark J. (26 May 1974). "Deciding On Utilities: Public or Private?". The New York Times. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1974/05/26/archives/deciding-on-utilities-public-or-private-con-ed-has-taken-a-step.html. ("Critics fear that a rush to public ownership may bring a form of 'lemon socialism'—where the government, as in England, takes over failing companies, but not healthy ones.")
10. ↑ Hahnel, Robin (2005). Economic Justice and Democracy. Routledge. pp. 116. ISBN 0-415-93344-7. ("This problem is also referred to as 'lemon socialism': When social democrats were able to nationalize companies, or industries, it was usually because they were in terrible shape. Consequently they often performed badly as public enterprises simply because they were going to perform badly in any case.")
11. ↑ Krugman, Paul (2 February 2009). "Lemon credit". The New York Times. https://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/02/lemon-credit/.
12. ↑ Stiglitz, Joseph E. (2009-03-31). "Obama's Ersatz Capitalism". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/01/opinion/01stiglitz.html.
13. ↑ Thorvaldur Gylfason. "Icelandic banks 2008 in context". http://www3.hi.is/~gylfason/Oslo financial crisis 2009.ppt.

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