List of Neanderthal sites

Some sites where classic Neanderthal fossils were found. Some sites where Pre-Neanderthal or Protoneanderthal fossils were found.

* Western Europe north of the Alps and Pyrenees
* Swanscombe Heritage Park (England)
* Ehringsdorf (Germany)
* Engis (Belgium)
* Scladina (Belgium)
* Veldwezelt-Hezerwater (Belgium)
* Bontnewydd, Llanelwy (Wales)
* Bau de l'Aubesier (France)
* Combe Grenal (France)
* Eguisheim (France)[1]
* La Chaise (France)
* Naulette (Belgium)
* Neander Valley (Germany)
* Northsea shore, (Netherlands)
* Salzgitter-Lebenstedt (Germany)
* Spy-sur-l'Orneau (Belgium)
* La Cotte de St Brelade (Jersey)
* Grotte du Renne at Arcy-sur-Cure (France)
* Biache-Saint-Vaast (France)
* Châtelperron (France)
* La Chapelle-aux-Saints (France)
* La Ferrassie (France)
* La Quina (France)
* Le Moustier (France)
* Les Rochers-de-Villeneuve (France)
* Moula-Guercy (France)
* Le Regourdou (France)
* Saint-Césaire (France)
* Creswell Crags (England)
* Lynford Quarry (England)
* Iberian Peninsula
* Furninha cave (Portugal)
* Abrigo do Lagar Velho (Leiria, Portugal)
* L'Arbreda (Spain)
* Atapuerca Mountains (Spain) ,
* Axlor (Spain)
* Banyoles (Catalonia, Spain)
* Carihuela (Andalucia, Spain)
* Cova Foradà (Valencian Community, Spain) [2]
* Cova Negra (Valencian Community, Spain) [3]
* Cueva de Bolomor (Valencian Community, Spain) [4]
* Cueva Negra (Region of Murcia, Spain)
* Figueira Brava (Arrabida Mountains, Portugal)
* Gibraltar
* Roca dels Bous (archaeological site)
* Sidrón Cave (Asturias, Spain)
* Sima de las Palomas (Region of Murcia, Spain)
* Zafarraya (Granada, Spain)
* Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Spain)[5]
* Apennine Peninsula
* Ceprano (Italy)
* Monte Circeo (Italy)
* Saccopastore (Italy)
* Altamura (Italy)
* Guattari Cave (Italy)
* Balkan Peninsula
* Krapina (Croatia)
* Vindija Cave (Croatia)
* Central and Eastern Europe
* Divje Babe (Slovenia)
* Gánovce (Slovakia)
* Jaskinia Ciemna (Poland)
* Kiik-Koba (Ukraine)
* Kůlna (Czech Republic)
* Mezmaiskaya Cave (Russia)
* Molodova I (Ukraine [6]
* Ochoz (Slovakia)
* Peștera cu Oase (Romania)
* Peștera Muierilor (Romania)
* Šaľa (Slovakia)
* Šipka (Czech Republic)
* Staroselje (Ukraine)
* Sukhaya Mechetka (Russia)
* Southwest Asia
* Nahal Amud (Israel)
* Bisitun Cave (Iran)
* Dederiyeh (Syria) [7][8]
* Karain (Turkey)
* Kebara (Israel)
* Ksar Akil (Lebanon)
* Shanidar (Iraq)
* Tabun (Israel)
* Central Asia
* Teshik-Tash (Uzbekistan)
* Aman-Kutan (Uzbekistan)
* Obi-Rakhmat Grotto (Uzbekistan)[9]
* Siberia
* Chagyrskaya Cave
* Okladnikov Cave

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

## References

1. ↑ Goodrum, Matthew R. (2014). "Crafting a New Science: Defining Paleoanthropology and Its Relationship to Prehistoric Archaeology, 1860–1890". Isis 105 (4): 706-33. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/679420.
2. ↑ Lozano, Marina; Subirà, Maria Eulàlia; Aparicio, José; Lorenzo, Carlos; Gómez-Merino, Gala (2013). "Toothpicking and Periodontal Disease in a Neanderthal Specimen from Cova Foradà Site (Valencia, Spain)". PLoS ONE 8 (10): e76852. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076852. PMID 24146934. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...876852L.
3. ↑ Arsuaga, J.L; Villaverde, V; Quam, R; Martínez, I; Carretero, J.M; Lorenzo, C; Gracia, A (2007). "New Neandertal remains from Cova Negra (Valencia, Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution 52 (1): 31–58. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2006.07.011. PMID 16979220.
4. ↑ Arsuaga, Juan Luis; Fernández Peris, Josep; Gracia-Téllez, Ana; Quam, Rolf; Carretero, José Miguel; Barciela González, Virginia; Blasco, Ruth; Cuartero, Felipe et al. (2012). "Fossil human remains from Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution 62 (5): 629–39. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.02.002. PMID 22440746.
5. ↑ Daura, J; Sanz, M; Subirá, M.E; Quam, R; Fullola, J.M; Arsuaga, J.L (2005). "A Neandertal mandible from the Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona, Spain)". Journal of Human Evolution 49 (1): 56–70. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2005.03.004. PMID 15896823.
6. ↑ About.com Archaeology, Moldova I (Ukraine)
7. ↑ Akazawa, Takeru; Muhesen, Sultan; Dodo, Yukio; Kondo, Osamu; Mizoguchi, Yuji; Abe, Yoshito; Nishiaki, Yoshihiro; Ohta, Shoji et al. (1995). "Neanderthal infant burial from the Dederiyeh Cave in Syria". Paléorient 21 (2): 77–86. doi:10.3406/paleo.1995.4619. http://www.persee.fr/doc/paleo_0153-9345_1995_num_21_2_4619.
8. ↑ Schepartz, Lynne (2015). "Akazawa Takeru & Muhesen Sultan (ed.). Neanderthal burials: excavations of the Dederiyeh Cave, Afrin, Syria. xxvii+394 pages, 163 figures, 66 plates, 115 tables. 2003. Auckland: KW; 4-9901694-3-3 hardback". Antiquity 78 (301): 728–9. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00113407.
9. ↑ Glantz, Michelle; Viola, Bence; Wrinn, Patrick; Chikisheva, Tatiana; Derevianko, Anatoly; Krivoshapkin, Andrei; Islamov, Uktur; Suleimanov, Rustam et al. (2008). "New hominin remains from Uzbekistan". Journal of Human Evolution 55 (2): 223–37. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.12.007. PMID 18499228.

* v
* t
* e

Neanderthal

Ancestors|

* Homo habilis → Homo erectus (→ Homo antecessor)? → Homo heidelbergensis → Homo neanderthalensis

Biology|

* Anatomy
* Behaviour
* Genetics
* Admixture with H. sapiens
* Extinction

Tool traditions|

* Acheulean
* Mousterian
* Châtelperronian (controversial)
* Levallois technique

Regional variants|

* Gibraltar Neanderthals
* Southwest Asian Neanderthals

Notable Specimens|

| Archaic (430 ka)|

* Miguelón

|

Intermediate (250–130 ka)|

* Saccopastore skulls
* Ehringsdorf 9
* Altamura 1

Typical
(130–50 ka)|

* La Ferrassie 1 (site)
* La Chapelle-aux-Saints 1 (site)
* La Quina 5 and 18
* Krijn
* Scladina
* Saccopastore 1 and 2
* Altamura man
* Mt. Circeo 1
* Krapina remains
* Shanidar 1-4
* Teshik-Tash 1
* Kebara 2 (site)
* Tabun C1
* Amud 1 and 7 (site)
* OR-1

In radiocarbon
range (50–40 ka)|

* Neanderthal 1 (type
* site)
* Spy 1 and 2
* Engis 2
* Sidrón remains
* Gibraltar 1 and Social:Gibraltar 2

Fossils with claimed
Neanderthal traits|

| H. heidelbergensis|

* Bontnewydd tooth
* Atapuerca
* Samu
* Azykhantrop

|

Homo sapiens|

* Peștera cu Oase
* Lagar Velho 1

Contemporary species|

* Homo erectus
* Denisovan
* Homo floresiensis
* Homo naledi
* Homo sapiens

Research|

* Excavation sites
* Neanderthal Museum
* Neanderthal genome project (In Search of Lost Genomes)

Popular culture|

* The Quest for Fire (film)
* The Grisly Folk
* The Neanderthal Man
* The Inheritors
* The Ugly Little Boy
* Neanderthal Planet
* Dance of the Tiger
* Earth's Children (film)
* Neanderthal
* The Neanderthal Parallax

Documentaries|

* Prehistoric Autopsy

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