Madrid Charter

Short description: Anti-leftist manifesto

Madrid Charter

Original title| Carta de Madrid
Created| 26 October 2020
Signatories| See below

The Madrid Charter: In Defense of Freedom and Democracy in the Iberosphere (Spanish: Carta de Madrid: en defensa de la libertad y la democracia en la Iberosfera), also known as the Letter from Madrid, was a manifesto created on 26 October 2020 by the Disenso Foundation think tank of the far-right[1] Spanish political party Vox. The document denounced left-wing organizations in Ibero-America, says these groups pose a threat to liberal democracy through communism, and that part of the region "is held hostage by totalitarian regimes of communist inspiration, supported by drug trafficking and third countries, all of them under the umbrella of Cuba". The Madrid Charter was primarily signed by anti-communist, conservative, far-right, and right-libertarian politicians from the Americas and the Iberian Peninsula.[2][3][4]

## Contents

* 1 Background
* 2 Content
* 3 Promotion
* 4 Signatories
* 5 Analysis
* 6 See also
* 7 References
* 8 External links

## Background

The Madrid Charter was a manifesto created as part of an effort to create the Madrid Forum, an anti-communist international organization with a "permanent structure and an annual action plan".[2][4][5] Vox initially introduced the project to the government of United States president Donald Trump while visiting the United States in February 2019, with Santiago Abascal using his good relations with the administration to build support within the Republican Party and establishing strong ties with American contacts.[3][5] In March 2019, Abascal tweeted an image of himself wearing a morion similar to a conquistador, with ABC writing in an article detailing the document that this event provided a narrative that "symbolizes in part the expansionist mood of Vox and its ideology far from Spain".[6] The charter subsequently grew to include signers that had little to no relation to Latin America and Spanish-speaking areas.[7]

The Madrid Forum was destined to hold its first event in Madrid in June 2020, though it was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the Madrid Charter converting into an online document presented on 26 October 2020 instead.[5][3]

## Content

In the document, signatories define two entities; the first is an allied "Iberosphere" of nations holding the same roots to the Iberian Peninsula and the second are left-wing groups such as the São Paulo Forum and the Puebla Group,[5] which the charter recognizes as an enemy and threat to the freedom.[8][9][10] The letter condemns leftist groups as being under the influence of Cuba, stating that they are "under the umbrella of the Cuban regime", describes part of the region as being "kidnapped by totalitarian communist-inspired regimes, supported by drug trafficking" and says that leftist groups hold an "ideological agenda" to destabilize liberal governments.[5][11][12] The letter also highlights respect for the rule of law, separation of powers, and private property.[6][12] It also called for scholars, the media, and other groups to uphold the objectives of the Madrid Charter.[12]

## Promotion

Delegates of Vox travelled throughout Latin America to promote and obtain signatures the manifesto, meeting with politicians in Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru.[4][13][14] While promoting the charter in Ecuador, Vox delegate Hermann Tertsch said that signatures were necessary to counter "narcosocialism", arguing that "[a]ll Latin American countries are threatened by the same totalitarian project funded mainly by Venezuelan oil and drug trafficking", which Tertsch said was guided by Cuba.[13] At the meetings in Ecuador, President Guillermo Lasso's recently-nominated Minister of National Defense Fernando Donoso signed the document along with members of the Social Christian Party and Partido SUMA [es; es].[13]

In Mexico, the visit and signature collection event by Vox caused controversy when the National Action Party (PAN) legislators signed the charter.[15][16] PAN politicians received criticism on social media that resulted with conflicts within the party.[15] Shortly after participating with Vox, PAN politicians distanced themselves from signing the manifesto,[16] while the party's official Twitter deleted an image of PAN members meeting with Vox representatives.[17] Due to Vox's controversial visit, discussions occurred of Mexico possibly enforcing Article 33 of the Constitution of Mexico, which grants the expulsion of foreign individuals for interfering in Mexican "political affairs". Andrés Manuel López Obrador, the president of Mexico, declined this option by stating: "Mexico is a free country. I also say this so that if the gentleman of Vox, Abascal, wants to come again, he can do it. The doors of our country are open, they are always welcome. All foreigners, even if they are opponents."[18]

Peruvian investigative journalism website OjoPúblico wrote in an article discussing far-right alliances in the Americas that members of Vox travelled to Peru to obtain signatures, with the parties Go on Country of Hernando de Soto, Popular Force of Keiko Fujimori, and Popular Renewal of Rafael López Aliaga signing the document.[10][19][20] Peruvian business executives, including the owner of Willax Televisión, also participated in discussions and signed the charter.[21] Additionally, Vox created an e-participation initiative in Peru to gather signatures from Peruvian citizens.[22]

## Signatories

Origin  | Signatories  | Source

|
|

Argentina  |

* Alberto Asseff
* Alejandro Chafuen
* Alejandro Fargosi
* Alfredo Schiavoni
* Carla Piccolomini
* David Schlereth
* Diego Marías
* Francisco Sánchez
* Hernán Berisso
* Inés Liendo
* Javier Milei
* José Luis Espert
* Juan Aicega (es)
* Julio Sahad
* Karina Mariani
* Luis Rosales (journalist) (es)
* María Zaldívar
* Martín Pugliese
* Pablo Torello (politician) (es)
* Paola Michielotto
* Santiago Muzio
* Victoria Villarruel
* Waldo Wolff (es)

| [12]
Bolivia  |

* Arturo Murillo

| [12]
Brazil  |

* Bia Kicis
* Eduardo Bolsonaro

| [9][12]
Chile  |

* Andrés Barrientos
* José Antonio Kast
* Vanessa Kaiser

| [9][12]
Colombia  |

* John Marulanda
* Margarita Restrepo (es)
* María Clara Escobar
* María Fernanda Cabal
* Paloma Valencia (es)
* Paola Holguín (es)

| [23]
Costa Rica  |

* Dragos Dolanescu Valenciano
* Fabricio Alvarado Muñoz
* Otto Guevara Guth

| [12]
Cuba  |

* Alejandro González Raga
* Antonio Rodiles
* Dulce Canal Hernández
* Ernesto Ortiz
* Hilda Molina
* Léo Juvier-Hendrickx
* Orlando Gutierrez-Boronat
* René Bolio
* Rosa Maria Payá
* Yaxys Cires
* Zoé Valdés

| [12]
Ecuador  |

* Amparo Medina
* André Santos Espinoza
* César E. Benítez
* Cristina López
* Esteban Torres Cobo
* Felipe León
* Fernando Balda
* Gabriela Weber
* Guillermo Lasso (alleged)
* Héctor Yepes
* Henry Kronfle (es)
* Jairo Darío Lalaleo Valencia
* Luis Espinosa Goded
* Mario Cuvi
* Mario Pazmiño Silva
* Martha Cecilia Villafuerte
* Max Meitzner
* Otto Sonnenholzner
* Pedro Pablo Duart

| [8][12][13]
El Salvador  |

* Alejandrina Castro

| [12]
France  |

* Marion Maréchal

| [12]
Greece  |

* Emmanouil Fragkos

| [12]
Honduras  |

* Mauricio Villeda

| [12]
Italy  |

* Giorgia Meloni
* Nicola Procaccini

| [12]
Mexico  |

* Alejandra Reynoso Sánchez
* América Rangel Lorenzana
* Carlos Leal
* Eduardo Verástegui
* Elsa Méndez Álvarez
* Fernando Rodríguez Doval
* Gina Cruz Blackledge
* Guadalupe Murguía Gutiérrez
* Guadalupe Saldaña Cisneros (es)
* Indira Rosales San Román (es)
* Juan Antonio Martín del Campo (es)
* Julen Rementería del Puerto
* Marco Antonio Gama
* Mario Romo
* Minerva Hernández Ramos
* Nadia Navarro Acevedo
* Pablo Adame
* Raúl Torres Guerrero
* Roberto Juan Moya Clemente
* Sarai Nuñez Cerón
* Víctor Oswaldo Fuentes Solís

| [12]
Netherlands  |

* Derk Jan Eppink

| [12]
Paraguay  |

* Dannia Ríos
* Hugo Vera Ojeda
* Tito Aranda
* Víctor Pavón

| [12]
Peru  |

* Adriana Tudela (es)
* Aldo Mariategui (es)
* Alejandro Muñante Barrios
* Alfonso Baella
* Ángel Guillermo Delgado Silva
* Carlos Hamann
* Carmen Patricia Juárez
* César Combina
* Daniel Córdova
* Dardo Lopez-Dolz
* Diana Seminario
* Diego Acuña
* Diethell Columbus
* Edgar Callo Wong
* Elizabeth Du-Bois Curcio
* Elizabeth Dulanto de Miró Quesada
* Enrique Ghersi Silva
* Erasmo Wong Lu
* Ernesto Álvarez Miranda
* Ernesto Bustamante
* Fabiola Morales
* Fernando Cálmele del Solar
* Fernando Cillóniz
* Francisco Tudela
* Gustavo Nakamura
* Hernando Guerra García
* Javier Bedoya Denegri (es)
* Javier González-Olaechea Franco
* Jorge Montoya Manrique (es)
* Jorge Villena
* Jorge Zeballos
* José Cueto Aservi
* José Williams
* Juan Bosco Hermoza
* Juan Carlos Lizarzaburu
* Luis Galarreta
* Miguel Santamaría Dávila
* Miguel Yagi Higa
* Nelson Roberto Pardo
* Nestor Quizpez-Asin
* Noelia Rossvith Herrera Medina
* Pedro Olaechea
* Rafael López Aliaga
* Rosangella Barbarán (es)
* Vanya Melissa Thais Iriarte
* Victor Andrés Ponce
* Yorry Warthon

| [4][9][12]
File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg Portugal  |

* André Ventura

| [12]
Spain  |

* Hermann Tertsch
* Jorge Buxadé
* Rocío Monasterio
* Santiago Abascal

| [12]
Sweden  |

* Charlie Weimers

| [12]
United States  |

* Alberto Fernández
* Alejandro Chafuen
* Alfonso Aguilar
* Terry Schilling
* Dan Schneider
* Daniel Garza
* Daniel Pipes
* Grover Norquist
* John Fonte
* John Pence
* Lorenzo Montanari
* Matt Schlapp
* Mike González
* Pablo Kleinman
* Roger Noriega

| [12][24][25]
Uruguay  |

* Pablo Viana
* Pedro Isern

| [12]
Venezuela  |

* Alberto Franceschi
* Alfredo Mago
* Álvaro Guerrero
* Antonio Ledezma
* Aquiles Martini Pietri
* Biagio Pilieri
* Carlos Bastardo
* Carlos Ortega
* Carlos Salazar
* Dignora Hernández (es)
* Diego Arria
* Eduardo Flores
* Edwin Luzardo
* Enrique Aristeguieta Gramcko
* Humberto Calderón Berti
* Humberto González
* Ignacio de León
* Jesús Petit DaCosta
* Johanna Montenegro
* José Luis Pirela
* Juan Carlos Bolívar
* Juan Pablo García
* Luis Barragán
* María Corina Machado
* Melquiades Pulido
* Milos Alcalay
* Nafir Morales (es)
* Nahem Reyes
* Nitu Pérez Osuna (es)
* Noel Álvarez
* Omar González Moreno
* Pedro Urruchurtu
* Richard Blanco (es)
* Vladimir Petit Medina
* Wilfredo Bello

| [12]

## Analysis

According to the centre-left Spanish newspaper El País, the Spanish political party Vox, which it describes as being far right, organized groups of Evangelicals, Catholics, neoconservatives, right-wing populists, and individuals "nostalgic for military dictatorships" with the Madrid Charter.[5] The Committee for the Abolition of Illegitimate Debt described the charter and Madrid Forum as "a first attempt to regroup the forces of the hard right" into a "Brown International", noting that the Madrid Charter is "co-signed by parties and personalities of the extreme right that have nothing to do with Latin America or with the Spanish language."[7] Página 12, a Kirchnerist newspaper edited in Buenos Aires, described the initiative as a "cultural war" declared by Vox and "a conservative offensive on what democratic advances that had or have began in Latin America at the beginning of this century".[10] Political scientist Kathy Zegarra of the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru discussed Keiko Fujimori's participation with Vox's initiative, stating: "It's beneficial for the far-right public. However, it generates liabilities especially for those citizens who have more tolerant ideas; ... it is negative for those citizens who have more progressive values, who have values in favor of human rights."[14] Khemvirg Puente, political scientist of the National Autonomous University of Mexico, said that the participation of PAN politicians in the charter was a way for Mexican president Andrés Manuel López Obrador to confirm his rhetoric against the party and that this act moved the party to the far right, making it unattractive to voters.[15]

## See also

* Conservative Manifesto

## References

1. ↑
* Arroyo Menéndez 2020 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFArroyo_Menéndez2020 (help): "To the extent that VOX fits with the concepts and theoretical explanations about radical right-wing parties and authoritarian populists, we would have a prior set of variables and factors that could explain the vote for this party."
* Cabezas, Marta (1 January 2022). "Silencing Feminism? Gender and the Rise of the Nationalist Far Right in Spain". Signs (Chicago) 47 (2): 319–345. doi:10.1086/716858. "the nationalist far-right party Vox".
* García Rada, Aser (15 January 2021). "Spain will become the sixth country worldwide to allow euthanasia and assisted suicide". British Medical Journal 372. "the far right Vox opposed the law".
* Wheeler, Duncan (2020). "Vox in the Age of COVID-19: The Populist Protest Turn in Spanish Politics" (in en). Journal of International Affairs (New York City) 73 (2): 173–184. "This provided an opportunity for Vox, a far-right populist party".
* Mudde, Cas (2019). The Far Right Today. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 40, 41, 174. ISBN 978-1-5095-3685-6.
* Ferreira 2019, p. 73 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFFerreira2019 (help)
* Mudde, Cas (12 November 2019). "Nativism is driving the far-right surge in Europe – and it is here to stay". The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/global/commentisfree/2019/nov/12/nativism-is-driving-the-far-right-surge-in-europe-and-it-is-here-to-stay?CMP=share_btn_tw.
* Gould, Robert (2019). "Vox España and Alternative für Deutschland: Propagating the Crisis of National Identity". Genealogy 3 (4): 64. doi:10.3390/genealogy3040064.
* Ribera Payá, Pablo; Díaz Martínez, José Ignacio (16 July 2020). "The end of the Spanish exception: the far right in the Spanish Parliament". European Politics and Society 22 (3): 410–434. doi:10.1080/23745118.2020.1793513.
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Abascal promueve una carta con políticos americanos contra el comunismo" (in es-ES). 26 October 2020. https://www.infobae.com/america/agencias/2020/10/26/abascal-promueve-una-carta-con-politicos-americanos-contra-el-comunismo/.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Carvajal, Álvaro (2020-12-27). "Vox abre otro frente de disputa con el PP en Latinoamérica" (in es). p. 14. https://www.elmundo.es/espana/2020/12/27/5fe73d2c21efa06e428b45a0.html.
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "Vox estrecha lazos con derecha peruana y suma firmas a su pacto anticomunista" (in es). 27 September 2021. https://www.swissinfo.ch/spa/perú-política_vox-estrecha-lazos-con-derecha-peruana-y-suma-firmas-a-su-pacto-anticomunista/46974610.
5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 González, Miguel; Galarraga Gortázar, Naiara; Rivas Molina, Federico (2021-10-18). "Vox teje una alianza anticomunista en América Latina" (in es). https://elpais.com/internacional/2021-10-18/vox-teje-una-alianza-anticomunista-en-america-latina.html.
6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "La última cruzada de Vox: combatir el comunismo en Iberoamérica" (in es). 2021-09-26. https://www.abc.es/espana/abci-ultima-cruzada-combatir-comunismo-iberoamerica-202109262153_noticia.html.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Mitralias, Yorgos (2022-10-05). "Towards the Brown International of the European and global far right?" (in en). https://www.cadtm.org/Towards-the-Brown-International-of-the-European-and-global-far-right.
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Oñate, Sara (2021-11-08). "El Régimen niega haber firmado la Carta de Madrid" (in es-EC). https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/politica/regimen-niega-firma-carta-madrid.html.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Spooked by Venezuela". The Economist (London: The Economist Intelligence Unit) 9270 (441): pp. 49. 6 November 2021.
10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Teruggi, Marco (20 October 2021). "La derecha dura española descubrió América | El grupo Vox busca crear una internacional en la "iberoesfera"". https://www.pagina12.com.ar/375830-la-derecha-dura-espanola-descubrio-america.
11. ↑ Moncada, Andrea (25 October 2021). "What's With All the Imperial Spanish Flags in Peru (and Elsewhere)?" (in en-US). https://americasquarterly.org/article/whats-with-all-the-imperial-spanish-flags-in-peru-and-elsewhere/.
12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 12.14 12.15 12.16 12.17 12.18 12.19 12.20 12.21 12.22 12.23 12.24 "Carta de Madrid" (in es). https://fundaciondisenso.org/carta-de-madrid/.
13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 "Vox alerta en Ecuador contra expansión del 'narcosocialismo' en la Iberosfera" (in es). 28 May 2021. https://efs.efeservicios.com/texto/vox-alerta-ecuador-expansion-narcosocialismo-iberosfera/18010435637.
14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "'En Perú no deberían preocuparse': expertas trazan la naciente influencia de Vox en la región" (in es). 2021-10-12. https://larepublica.pe/mundo/2021/10/12/en-peru-no-deberian-preocuparse-expertas-trazan-la-naciente-influencia-de-vox-en-la-region-keiko-fujimori/.
15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 "El apoyo al partido español Vox debilita todavía más a la oposición mexicana" (in es). https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/mexico/el-apoyo-al-partido-espanol-vox-debilita-todavia-mas-a-la-oposicion-mexicana/50000100-4624366.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 "Expresidente mexicano ve a la cúpula del PAN "extraviada" por reunión con Vox" (in es). 3 September 2021. https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/mexico/expresidente-mexicano-ve-a-la-cupula-del-pan-extraviada-por-reunion-con-vox/50000100-4622064.
17. ↑ Salazar, Diego (30 September 2021). "La redención de la derecha peruana no pasa por VOX". The Washington Post.
18. ↑ "López Obrador abre las puertas de México a una nueva visita de Vox" (in es). 6 September 2021. https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/mexico/lopez-obrador-abre-las-puertas-de-mexico-a-una-nueva-visita-vox/50000100-4623524.
19. ↑ "Poderes no santos: alianzas de ultraderecha en Latinoamérica" (in es). 2021-11-14. https://ojo-publico.com/3165/poderes-no-santos-alianzas-de-ultraderecha-en-latinoamerica.
20. ↑ Cabral, Ernesto (2021-01-12). "Militares en retiro con discursos extremistas se vinculan a políticos para apoyar la vacancia" (in es). https://ojo-publico.com/3207/militares-en-retiro-discursos-extremistas-y-apoyo-politico.
21. ↑ "Sociólogo tras reunión de Vox con Fujimori: Se abrazan con quien intentó un golpe en Perú" (in es). 2021-09-25. https://larepublica.pe/mundo/2021/09/25/sociologo-tras-reunion-de-vox-con-fujimori-se-abrazan-con-quien-intento-un-golpe-en-peru/.
22. ↑ "Partido de ultraderecha Vox busca reclutar integrantes peruanos" (in es). 2021-10-25. https://larepublica.pe/politica/2021/10/23/keiko-fujimori-partido-de-extrema-derecha-espanola-vox-busca-reclutar-peruanos-fuerza-popular/.
23. ↑ Espectador, El (2021-10-31). "ELESPECTADOR.COM" (in spanish). https://www.elespectador.com/politica/la-extrema-derecha-espanola-a-la-conquista-politica-de-colombia/.
24. ↑ Ballesteros, Roberto R. (2021-02-26). "Los organizadores del evento conservador del año en Estados Unidos apoyan a Abascal" (in es). https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2021-02-26/organizadores-evento-conservador-ano-estados-unidos-apoyan-a-abascal_2970128/.
25. ↑ "Los organizadores del evento conservador del año en Estados Unidos apoyan" (in en). 26 February 2021. https://twitter.com/vox_es/status/1365386571856420871.

## External links

* Carta de Madrid: en defensa de la libertad y la democracia en la Iberosfera – Fundación Disenso

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