Maternal mortality ratio

Short description: KPI measurement of maternal death

Not to be confused with Maternal mortality rate.

The maternal mortality ratio is a key performance indicator (KPI) for efforts to improve the health and safety of mothers before, during, and after childbirth per country worldwide. Often referred to as MMR, it is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes). It is not to be confused with the maternal mortality rate, which is the number of maternal deaths (direct and indirect) in a given period per 100,000 women of reproductive age during the same time period.[1] The statistics are gathered by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and the United Nations Population Division.[2] The yearly report started in 1990 and is called Trends in Maternal Mortality.[2] As of the 2015 data published in 2016, the countries that have seen an increase in the maternal mortality ratio since 1990 are the Bahamas, Georgia, Guyana, Jamaica, Dem. People’s Rep. Korea, Serbia, South Africa, St. Lucia, Suriname, Tonga, United States, Venezuela, RB Zimbabwe. But according to Sustainable Development Goals report 2018,[3] the overall maternal mortality ratio has declined by 37 percent since 2002. Nearly 303,000 women died due to complications during pregnancy.

With an exceptionally high mortality ratio compared to other U.S. states, the government of Texas created the Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Task Force in 2013.[4][5]

## Contents

* 1 Country measurements
* 2 List of aggregated data by region
* 3 List of aggregated data by focus subject
* 4 See also
* 5 References

## Country measurements

This KPI was used for the Millennium Development Goals from 2000 to 2015 and is part of the Sustainable Development Goals. The list of countries with a comparison of this KPI in 1990, 2000 and 2015 are:

1. REDIRECT Template:Row hover highlight

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* From a page move: This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed). This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.

When appropriate, protection levels are automatically sensed, described and categorized.

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Country | 1990 | 2000 | 2015

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Afghanistan | 1,340 | 1,100 | 396
Albania | 71 | 43 | 29
Algeria | 216 | 170 | 140
American Samoa |  |  |
Andorra |  |  |
Angola | 1,160 | 924 | 477
Antigua and Barbuda |  |  |
Argentina | 72 | 60 | 52
Armenia | 58 | 40 | 25
Aruba |  |  |
Australia | 8 | 9 | 6
Austria | 8 | 5 | 4
Azerbaijan | 64 | 48 | 25
Bahamas, The | 46 | 61 | 80
Bahrain | 26 | 21 | 15
Bangladesh | 569 | 399 | 176
Barbados | 58 | 48 | 27
Belarus | 33 | 26 | 4
Belgium | 9 | 9 | 7
Belize | 54 | 53 | 28
Benin | 576 | 572 | 405
Bermuda |  |  |
Bhutan | 945 | 423 | 148
Bolivia | 425 | 334 | 206
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 28 | 17 | 11
Botswana | 243 | 311 | 129
Brazil | 104 | 66 | 44
British Virgin Islands |  |  |
Brunei Darussalam | 35 | 31 | 23
Bulgaria | 25 | 21 | 11
Burkina Faso | 727 | 547 | 371
Burundi | 1,220 | 954 | 712
Cabo Verde | 256 | 83 | 42
Cambodia | 1,020 | 484 | 161
Cameroon | 728 | 750 | 596
Canada | 7 | 9 | 7
Cayman Islands |  |  |
Central African Republic | 1,290 | 1,200 | 882
Chad | 1,450 | 1,370 | 856
Channel Islands |  |  |
Chile | 57 | 31 | 22
China | 97 | 58 | 27
Colombia | 118 | 97 | 64
Comoros | 635 | 499 | 335
Congo, Dem. Rep. | 879 | 874 | 693
Congo, Rep. | 603 | 653 | 442
Costa Rica | 43 | 38 | 25
Côte d'Ivoire | 745 | 671 | 645
Croatia | 10 | 11 | 8
Cuba | 58 | 43 | 39
Curaçao |  |  |
Cyprus | 16 | 15 | 7
Czech Republic | 14 | 7 | 4
Denmark | 11 | 9 | 6
Djibouti | 517 | 401 | 229
Dominica |  |  |
Dominican Republic | 198 | 79 | 92
Ecuador | 185 | 103 | 64
Egypt, Arab Rep. | 106 | 63 | 33
El Salvador | 157 | 84 | 54
Equatorial Guinea | 1,310 | 702 | 342
Eritrea | 1,590 | 733 | 501
Estonia | 42 | 26 | 9
Ethiopia | 1,250 | 897 | 353
Faroe Islands |  |  |
Fiji | 63 | 42 | 30
Finland | 6 | 5 | 3
France | 13 | 12 | 8
French Polynesia |  |  |
Gabon | 422 | 405 | 291
Gambia, The | 1,030 | 887 | 706
Georgia | 34 | 37 | 36
Germany | 11 | 8 | 6
Ghana | 634 | 467 | 319
Gibraltar |  |  |
Greece | 5 | 4 | 3
Greenland |  |  |
Grenada | 41 | 29 | 27
Guam |  |  |
Guatemala | 205 | 178 | 88
Guinea | 1,040 | 976 | 679
Guinea-Bissau | 907 | 800 | 549
Guyana | 171 | 210 | 229
Haiti | 625 | 505 | 359
Honduras | 272 | 133 | 129
Hong Kong SAR, China |  |  |
Hungary | 24 | 15 | 17
Iceland | 7 | 5 | 3
India | 556 | 374 | 174
Indonesia | 446 | 265 | 126
Iran, Islamic Rep. | 123 | 51 | 25
Iraq | 107 | 63 | 50
Ireland | 11 | 9 | 8
Isle of Man |  |  |
Israel | 11 | 8 | 5
Italy | 8 | 5 | 4
Jamaica | 79 | 89 | 89
Japan | 14 | 10 | 5
Jordan | 110 | 77 | 58
Kazakhstan | 78 | 65 | 12
Kenya | 687 | 759 | 510
Kiribati | 234 | 166 | 90
Korea, Dem. People’s Rep. | 75 | 128 | 82
Korea, Rep. | 21 | 16 | 11
Kosovo |  |  |
Kuwait | 7 | 7 | 4
Kyrgyz Republic | 80 | 74 | 76
Lao PDR | 905 | 546 | 197
Latvia | 48 | 30 | 18
Lebanon | 74 | 42 | 15
Lesotho | 629 | 649 | 487
Liberia | 1,500 | 1,270 | 725
Libya | 39 | 17 | 9
Liechtenstein |  |  |
Lithuania | 29 | 16 | 10
Luxembourg | 12 | 13 | 10
Macao SAR, China |  |  |
Macedonia | 14 | 12 | 8
Madagascar | 778 | 536 | 353
Malawi | 957 | 890 | 634
Malaysia | 79 | 58 | 40
Maldives | 677 | 163 | 68
Mali | 1,010 | 834 | 587
Malta | 13 | 15 | 9
Marshall Islands |  |  |
Mauritania | 859 | 813 | 602
Mauritius | 81 | 40 | 53
Mexico | 90 | 77 | 38
Micronesia, Fed. Sts. | 183 | 153 | 100
Moldova | 51 | 49 | 23
Monaco |  |  |
Mongolia | 186 | 161 | 44
Montenegro | 10 | 11 | 7
Morocco | 317 | 221 | 121
Mozambique | 1,390 | 915 | 489
Myanmar | 453 | 308 | 178
Namibia | 338 | 352 | 265
Nauru |  |  |
Nepal | 901 | 548 | 258
Netherlands | 12 | 14 | 7
New Caledonia |  |  |
New Zealand | 18 | 12 | 11
Nicaragua | 173 | 202 | 150
Niger | 873 | 794 | 553
Nigeria | 1,350 | 1,170 | 814
Northern Mariana Islands |  |  |
Norway | 7 | 7 | 5
Oman | 30 | 20 | 17
Pakistan | 431 | 306 | 178
Palau |  |  |
Panama | 102 | 82 | 94
Papua New Guinea | 470 | 342 | 215
Paraguay | 150 | 158 | 132
Peru | 251 | 140 | 68
Philippines | 152 | 124 | 114
Poland | 17 | 8 | 3
Portugal | 17 | 13 | 10
Puerto Rico | 26 | 22 | 14
Qatar | 29 | 24 | 13
Romania | 124 | 51 | 31
Russian Federation | 63 | 57 | 25
Rwanda | 1,300 | 1,020 | 290
Samoa | 156 | 93 | 51
San Marino |  |  |
São Tomé and Príncipe | 330 | 222 | 156
Saudi Arabia | 46 | 23 | 12
Senegal | 540 | 488 | 315
Serbia | 14 | 17 | 17
Seychelles |  |  |
Sierra Leone | 2,630 | 2,650 | 1,360
Singapore | 12 | 18 | 10
Sint Maarten (Dutch part) |  |  |
Slovak Republic | 11 | 8 | 6
Slovenia | 12 | 12 | 9
Solomon Islands | 364 | 214 | 114
Somalia | 1,210 | 1,080 | 732
South Africa | 108 | 85 | 138
South Sudan | 1,730 | 1,310 | 789
Spain | 6 | 5 | 5
Sri Lanka | 75 | 57 | 30
St. Kitts and Nevis | 44 | 145 | 7
St. Lucia | 45 | 54 | 48
St. Martin (French part) |  |  |
St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 58 | 74 | 45
Sudan | 744 | 544 | 311
Suriname | 127 | 259 | 155
Swaziland | 635 | 586 | 389
Sweden | 8 | 5 | 4
Switzerland | 8 | 7 | 5
Syrian Arab Republic | 123 | 73 | 68
Tajikistan | 107 | 68 | 32
Tanzania | 997 | 842 | 398
Thailand | 40 | 25 | 20
Timor-Leste | 1,080 | 694 | 215
Togo | 568 | 491 | 368
Tonga | 75 | 97 | 124
Trinidad and Tobago | 90 | 62 | 63
Tunisia | 131 | 84 | 62
Turkey | 97 | 79 | 16
Turkmenistan | 82 | 59 | 42
Turks and Caicos Islands |  |  |
Tuvalu |  |  |
Uganda | 687 | 620 | 343
Ukraine | 46 | 34 | 24
United Arab Emirates | 17 | 8 | 6
United Kingdom | 10 | 12 | 9
United States | 12 | 12 | 28
Uruguay | 37 | 31 | 15
Uzbekistan | 54 | 34 | 36
Vanuatu | 225 | 144 | 78
Venezuela, RB | 94 | 90 | 95
Vietnam | 139 | 81 | 54
Virgin Islands (U.S.) |  |  |
West Bank and Gaza | 118 | 72 | 45
Yemen, Rep. | 547 | 440 | 385
Zambia | 577 | 541 | 224
Zimbabwe | 440 | 590 | 443

[6]

## List of aggregated data by region

1. REDIRECT Template:Row hover highlight

| This page is a redirect. The following categories are used to track and monitor this redirect:

* From a page move: This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed). This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.

When appropriate, protection levels are automatically sensed, described and categorized.

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Region | 1990 | 2015

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World | 385 | 216
Arab World | 289 | 156
Caribbean small states | 94 | 99
Central Europe and the Baltics | 41 | 11
East Asia & Pacific | 159 | 59
Euro area | 11 | 6
Europe & Central Asia | 44 | 16
European Union | 18 | 8

## List of aggregated data by focus subject

1. REDIRECT Template:Row hover highlight

| This page is a redirect. The following categories are used to track and monitor this redirect:

* From a page move: This is a redirect from a page that has been moved (renamed). This page was kept as a redirect to avoid breaking links, both internal and external, that may have been made to the old page name.

When appropriate, protection levels are automatically sensed, described and categorized.

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Focus subject | 1990 | 2015

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Fragile and conflict affected situations | 792 | 481
Heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) | 957 | 482
Latin America & Caribbean | 135 | 67
Least developed countries: UN classification | 903 | 436
Middle East & North Africa | 166 | 81
North America | 11 | 13
OECD members | 32 | 14
Other small states | 538 | 316
Pacific island small states | 176 | 75
Small states | 428 | 272
South Asia | 558 | 182
Sub-Saharan Africa | 987 | 547
High income | 15 | 10
Low & middle income | 425 | 237
Low income | 1,010 | 496
Lower middle income | 533 | 251
Middle income | 349 | 180
Upper middle income | 114 | 54

## See also

* List of countries by infant and under-five mortality rates
* List of countries by maternal mortality ratio
* List of countries by death rate
* Maternal mortality

## References

1. ↑ Maternal Mortality Ratio vs Maternal Mortality Rate on Population Research Institute website
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) on website of The World Bank
3. ↑ "Decline in Maternal Mortality Rate". https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2018/overview/.
4. ↑ US Maternal Health Profile on WHO website
5. ↑ Senate Bill 495, 83rd Legislature, Regular Session, 2013
6. ↑ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Underlying Cause of Death 1999-2016 on CDC WONDER Online Database, released December, 2017. Data are from the Multiple Cause of Death Files, 1999-2016, as compiled from data provided by the 57 vital statistics jurisdictions through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program. Accessed at http://wonder.cdc.gov/ucd-icd10.html on May 30, 2018 9:11:06 AM

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