Moderate conservatism

Short description: Politically moderate variant of conservatism

Part of a series on

Conservatism

Variants

* Cultural
* Fiscal
* Green
* Liberal
* Libertarian
* National
* Neo
* New Right
* One-nation
* Paleo
* Reactionary
* Social
* Traditionalist

Concepts

* Familism
* Family values
* Private property
* Rule of law
* Communitarianism
* Civil Society
* Solidarity

People

* Burke
* De Maistre
* De Chateaubriand
* Von Metternich

Organizations

* Alliance of Conservatives and Reformists
in Europe
* European People's Party
* International Democrat Union

Religious conservatism

* Christian Democracy (in Europe)
* Christian right
* Christian fundamentalism
* Jewish right
* Islamic fundamentalism
* Traditionalist Catholic

National variants

* Australia
* Canada
* China
* Colombia
* Germany
* Hong Kong
* India
* New Zealand
* Pakistan
* Serbia
* South Korea
* Taiwan
* Turkey
* United Kingdom
* United States

Related topics

* Aristocracy
* Capitalism
* Centre-right politics
* Corporatism
* Counter-revolutionary
* Fascism
* Liberalism
* Monarchism
* Neoliberalism
* Old Right (United States)
* Radical centrism
* Radical right
* Europe
* United States
* Reactionary
* Right-wing politics
* Toryism

*   *

* v
* t
* e

Moderate conservatism is a politically moderate version of conservatism that is less demanding than classical conservatism, and can be divided into several subtypes, such as liberal conservatism. The term is principally used in countries where the political camp is divided into liberals (meaning social liberals) on the left and conservatives on the right, rather than in countries whose political camps include social democrats on the left and their opponents on the right. For countries belonging to the former, moderate liberalism is sometimes contrasted with moderate conservatism.[1] The latter term can be applied to several countries, such as the United States, Poland,[2] South Korea,[3] and Japan.[4]

## Contents

* 1 Overview
* 2 By country
* 2.1 Canada
* 2.2 Iran
* 2.3 Japan
* 2.4 Poland
* 2.5 South Korea
* 2.6 Sweden
* 2.7 Taiwan
* 2.8 United States
* 3 Moderate conservative political parties and caucuses
* 4 Notes
* 5 References

## Overview

Moderate conservative is not often used in most parts of Europe, where social democracy or socialist parties have grown into major parties since the early 20th century, because moderate conservatives in many European countries are liberal conservatives or Christian democrats. Despite this, the term has historically been widely used in Europe, particularly in the mid-19th and earlier century, when liberal-to-radical politics, or classical radicalism, formed the mainstream left in Europe and conservatives were the right opposition. The moderate conservatives of this period were contrasted with the moderate liberals.[5] It is also used as a contrast to ultra-conservatism.[6]

## By country

### Canada

The main factions of the Conservative Party of Canada are the Red Tory and Blue Tory. Blue Tories value free markets but vary on social policies, Red Tories are known to be more centrist.

### Iran

Moderate conservatism is mostly seen among Reformists: dissident media Iran International referred to Hassan Rouhani, the 7th President of Iran, as a "moderate conservative",[7] however, during his 2017 reelection campaign, Rouhani's views moved firmly to the left and he fully aligned with Reformists.[8]

Ali Larijani is part of Principlists, but is described as a relatively moderate conservative.[9] However, centre-right "moderate conservatives" such as Larijani are sometimes excluded from the narrow definition of far-right "Principlists."[10]

### Japan

The Kōchikai was a faction that represented moderate conservatives within the right-wing Liberal Democratic Party. Former prime minister Fumio Kishida was a member of the Kōchikai faction, and he is also a "moderate conservative".[4] Yomiuri Shimbun is a moderately conservative newspaper.[11] Yomiuri Shimbun places more emphasis on moderate pro-American diplomacy rather than hawkish Japanese nationalism.[12]

### Poland

The Civic Platform has supported a moderate conservative agenda.[2] The party is described in various ways in the Polish political context as centre-right,[nb 1] or centrist.[nb 2]

### South Korea

In the 20th century, liberal in South Korea had the opposite meaning of socialist or left-wing. Therefore, some historical liberals in South Korea were considered conservatives or moderate conservatives.[13] Ahn Cheol-soo was considered centrist reformist or centrist liberal (sometimes centre-left) in the early and mid 2010s but is now classified as centre-right and moderate conservative. Yoo Seong-min and Choung Byoung-gug are representative moderate conservatives.[14][15] JoongAng Ilbo, a South Korean media outlet, is considered moderate conservative.[3]

### Sweden

The major traditional right-wing party in Sweden was initially called the Conservative Party and later the Rightist Party, before adopting the Moderate Party name in 1969 to shed its ultraconservative image and espouse more classical liberal politics.[16]

### Taiwan

Chiang Ching-kuo, the former president of the Republic of China (Taiwan), collaborated with moderate conservative intellectuals, beginning to ease the authoritarian rule of his father and former president Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang Ching-kuo lifted Martial law in Taiwan in 1987, ending four decades of "White Terror."[17]

Today, moderate conservatives in Taiwan are referred to as 'Light blue'; they oppose pro-Beijing extremism or Taiwan independence, and support anti-communism, liberal democracy and ROC-centered Chinese unification.[18] Some 'Light blue', including Johnny Chiang, tend to be closer to Huadu politics than to Chinese unification.[19]

### United States

The Republican Main Street Partnership is a Republican Party (GOP) organization for moderate Republicans including moderate conservatives. Moderate conservatives are, sometimes pejoratively, called "Republicans in Name Only" by more traditional conservatives.[20] A prominent moderate conservative United States president was George H. W. Bush.[21]

## Moderate conservative political parties and caucuses

* Åland: Moderate Coalition for Åland
* Australia: Moderates (Liberal Party of Australia faction)
* Canada: Red Tory (Conservative Party faction)
* Chile: Democrats
* Iran: Executives of Construction Party, Voice of the Nation
* Japan: Kōchikai (Liberal Democratic Party faction),[22] Komeito[23]
* Poland: Civic Platform, Renewal of the Republic of Poland
* Sweden: Moderate Party[16]
* United Kingdom: One Nation Conservatives (Conservative Party faction)[24]
* United States: Republican Main Street Partnership (Republican Party faction)

## Notes

1. ↑ PO has often been described as centre-right:
* Aleks Szczerbiak (2012). Poland Within the European Union: New awkward partner or new heart of Europe?. Routledge. p. 2. ISBN 9780415380737. https://books.google.com/books?id=FW5RbXxRMj4C&pg=PA2.
* Nathaniel Copsey (2013). "Poland:An Awkward Partner Redeemed". The Member States of the European Union (Second ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 191. ISBN 9780199544837. https://books.google.com/books?id=DQrc_4-H11QC&pg=PA191.
* Viktor, Szary (9 September 2014). "Poland's PM Tusk, heading for Brussels, submits resignation". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-poland-government-resignation-idUKKBN0H41SY20140909.
2. ↑ PO has often been described as centrist:
* Marcinkiewicz, Kamil; Stegmaier, Mary (8 January 2016). "The parliamentary election in Poland, October 2015" (PDF). Electoral Studies 41: 221–224. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2016.01.004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290220555.
* Szczerbiak, Aleks (2017). "An anti-establishment backlash that shook up the party system? The October 2015 Polish parliamentary election". European Politics and Society 18 (4): 404–427. doi:10.1080/23745118.2016.1256027. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/63809/1/Polish parliamentary election 2015 EPS revised.pdf.
* Siemsen, Pascal (2020). "Voting PiS: Voting Left when Voting Far-Right Populist?". Polish Political Science Review 8 (1): 87–99. doi:10.2478/ppsr-2020-0006.

## References

1. ↑ "A Brain Scan Could Predict Political Leanings". Psychology Today. 14 July 2022. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/cravings/202207/brain-scan-could-predict-political-leanings. "While data from most of the tasks indicated political leanings toward more moderate conservatism or moderate liberalism, the researchers found that the reward task aligned with extreme political views (very liberal or very conservative) and the empathy task most significantly correlated with moderate ideology."
2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Tusk Vs Kaczyński: Explaining the Conflict". Political Critique. 4 May 2017. https://politicalcritique.org/cee/poland/2017/tusk-vs-kaczynski-explaining-the-conflict/.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Dal Yong Jin, Nojin Kwak, ed (2018). Communication, Digital Media, and Popular Culture in Korea: Contemporary Research and Future Prospects. Lexington Books. p. 125-126. ISBN 9781498562041. https://books.google.com/books?id=csBYDwAAQBAJ&q=Ilbo+is+considered+a+more+moderate+conservative+daily+and+also+publishes+its+English+edition,+Korea+Joongang+Daily&pg=PA126. "Joongang Ilbo is considered a more moderate conservative daily and also publishes its English edition, Korea Joongang Daily, in an alliance with the International New York Times. These big three Korean newspapers have significant influences on ..."
4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Japan's new prime minister Fumio Kishida vows to be tough on China but 'courteous' at home". The Times. 29 September 2021. https://www.thetimes.com/world/asia/article/fumio-kishida-becomes-japan-s-new-prime-minister-k7mc8ktxc. "Fumio Kishida, a moderate conservative with a stern view of China's growing military assertiveness, will be Japan's new prime minister, after easily winning the election to lead the ruling Liberal Democratic Party."
5. ↑ Edmund Fawcett, ed (2022). Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition. Princeton University Press. p. 55. ISBN 9780691233994. https://books.google.com/books?id=851EEAAAQBAJ. "A blurring of conservative and liberal outlooks was noticed early on. Moderate conservatives, the German political observer Friedrich Bülau wrote in 1847, were not for no change, and moderate liberals did not call for total change."
6. ↑ Tatah Mentan, ed (2013). Democracy for Breakfast: Unveiling Mirage Democracy in Contemporary Africa. African Books Collective. p. 167. ISBN 9789956791279. https://books.google.com/books?id=Kt4WAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA167. "Reflecting differences within the corporate community, there are moderate-conservative and ultra-conservative wings within it."
7. ↑ "Who's who in Pezeshkian's cabinet?". Iran International. 21 August 2024. https://www.iranintl.com/en/202408131446. "Most of the cabinet ministers are not officially affiliated with any political party or group but, nevertheless, have close ties to political figures such as the "Principlist" Speaker of the Parliament, Mohammad-Bagher Ghalibaf, moderate conservative former President Hassan Rouhani, and hardliner factions."
8. ↑ "Profile: Hassan Rouhani, President of Iran". BBC News. 20 May 2017. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22886729.
9. ↑ "Moderate conservative Larijani bids for Iran presidential race". France 24. 15 May 2021. https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210515-moderate-conservative-larijani-bids-for-iran-presidential-race.
10. ↑ "Iran’s Moderate Conservatives Might Make A Comeback In 2024". Iran International. 3 April 2022. https://www.iranintl.com/en/202204037733.
11. ↑ Daniel M. Kliman, ed (2014). Fateful Transitions: How Democracies Manage Rising Powers, from the Eve of World War I to China's Ascendance. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 122. ISBN 9780812290295. "... observers in Japan identified other obstacles to China's continued economic growth. Yomiuri Shimbun, a moderately conservative newspaper and ..."
12. ↑ Linus Hagstrom, ed (2015). Identity Change and Foreign Policy: Japan and its 'Others'. Routledge. p. 101. ISBN 9781317394860. "It is particularly interesting to note that the more left-leaning Asahi Shimbun (333 articles) carried a higher number of articles and headlines than the conservative (but moderate and pro-American) Yomiuri Shimbun, and actually comes ..."
13. ↑ "신민당" (in ko). Doosan Encyclopedia. https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=1164777&cid=40942&categoryId=33385. Retrieved 19 September 2021. "1967년의 제6대 대통령선거와 제7대 국회의원 총선거를 앞두고, 분열된 보수 야당세력을 통합하여 평화적 정권교체를 이룩할 목표로 1967년 2월 7일에 창당되었다."
14. ↑ "South Korea's 19th Presidential Election: Lessons Learned". The Diplomat. 13 May 2017. https://thediplomat.com/2017/05/south-koreas-19th-presidential-election-lessons-learned/. "Interestingly, 13.2 percent from the youngest group chose moderate conservative Yoo Seung-min, the highest of any group."
15. ↑ "Park Heong-joon, a 'moderate conservative' politician". The Korea Times. 7 April 2021. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2021/04/356_306743.html?gonw.
16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Nanna Kildal; Stein Kuhnle (2007). Normative Foundations of the Welfare State: The Nordic Experience. Routledge. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-134-27282-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=MDd-AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT128.
17. ↑ Handbook on Human Rights in China. Edward Elgar Publishing. 2019. p. 569.
18. ↑ Dafydd Fell, ed (September 27, 2006). Party Politics in Taiwan: Party Change and the Democratic Evolution of Taiwan, 1991-2004. Taylor & Francis. p. 119.
19. ↑ "We're all pro-Taiwan independence now". Taiwan News. 16 January 2023. https://taiwannews.com.tw/news/4782886.
20. ↑ "Opinion: Will The Real Republicans Please Stand Up?". Yahoo!. 28 February 2023. https://www.yahoo.com/now/real-republicans-please-stand-104526195.html. "Anyone who didn't support the Florida Man, anyone who is a more moderate conservative, often gets tagged as a RINO — Republican in Name Only."
21. ↑ "Straddling divide between GOP moderates and conservatives, Bush was last of a kind" (in en). 2018-12-01. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/politics-news/moderate-republican-internationalist-george-h-w-bush-was-last-kind-n870461.
22. ↑ "A Dove From Hiroshima: Is Fumio Kishida Tough Enough To Lead Japan?". Worldcrunch. 10 October 2021. https://worldcrunch.com/world-affairs/japan-politics-fumio-kishida. "Kishida's character, coupled with the fact that he belongs to the moderate Kochikai faction within the LDP, inevitably means that he won't ..."
23. ↑ Lucien Ellington, ed (2009). Japan. ABC-CLIO. p. 168. ISBN 9781598841626. https://books.google.com/books?id=Fox9YR80V7sC&q=social+conservative+Komeito&pg=PA168.
24. ↑ "Liz Truss apologises for mistakes and vows to lead Tories into next election". The Irish Times. 17 October 2022. https://www.irishtimes.com/world/uk/2022/10/17/liz-truss-fights-for-job-as-jeremy-hunt-ditches-economic-strategy/. "Ms Truss was due to meet the moderate One Nation Conservatives group in Parliament on Monday evening before an informal reception with her cabinet."

Template:Conservatism

0.00

(0 votes)

Original source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moderate conservatism. Read more

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Social:Moderate_conservatism&oldid=4236421"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template