National Catholicism

Short description: Part of the ideological identity of Francoism

An image of the Sacred Heart, with the expression "I Shall Reign in Spain" (Spanish: Reinaré en España) inscribed. At 150 metres (490 ft), the crucifix at the Valle de los Caídos, built in 1940–59, is the world's tallest.[1][2]

Template:Conservatism in SpainTemplate:Integralism National Catholicism (Spanish: nacionalcatolicismo) was part of the ideological identity of Francoism, the political system through which the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco governed the Spanish State between 1939 and 1975.[3] Its most visible manifestation was the hegemony that the Catholic Church had in all aspects of public and private life.[3] As a symbol of the ideological divisions within Francoism, it can be contrasted to national syndicalism (Spanish: nacionalsindicalismo), an essential component of the ideology and political practice of the Falangists.

## Contents

* 1 History
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading

## History

The invention of the term is attributed to the Jesuit and historian Alfonso Álvarez Bolado, who gave the term a scientific nuance and whose articles were compiled by the publishing house Cuadernos para el Diálogo in 1976,[4] before, the term was used more informally. In France, a similar model of National Catholicism was advanced by the Fédération Nationale Catholique formed by General Édouard Castelnau.[5] Although it reached one million members in 1925, it was of short-lived significance, subsiding into obscurity by 1930.[6]

In Spain, the Francoist State initiated a project in 1943 to reform the university. It was called the University Regulatory Law (U.R.L.), which remained active until 1970.[7]

Valle de los Caídos in El Escorial, exemplary building of the Francoist era-style.

> The U.R.L. represented the clearest politicization of the university in the service of the new regime's National-Catholic precepts. While there was no explicit exclusion of women from higher learning, their presence at the university level was discouraged and not recognized during the two first decades of the regime.[7]

In the 1930s and 1940s, Ante Pavelić's Croatian Ustaše movement espoused a similar ideology,[8] although it has been called other names, including "political Catholicism" and "Catholic Croatism".[9] Other countries in central and eastern Europe where similar movements of Francoist inspiration combined Catholicism with nationalism include Austria, Poland, Lithuania and Slovakia.[10]

## See also

* Action Française
* Catholic Church and Nazi Germany
* Catholic Church and Nazi Germany during World War II
* Catholic Church in Spain
* Christian fascism
* Christian nationalism
* Christian right
* Clerical fascism
* Dominion theology
* Integralism
* Movimiento Nacional
* Religious nationalism

## References

1. ↑ "El Valle de los Caídos explicado a quienes no saben qué es". 8 May 2017. https://www.huffingtonpost.es/2017/05/08/el-valle-de-los-caidos-explicado-a-quienes-no-saben-que-es_a_22076129/.
2. ↑ "World's Top 19 Largest Crosses (Reach High for the Sky!) - Miratico". 3 April 2015. http://miratico.com/worlds-largest-crosses-reach-high-for-the-sky/.
3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "From National Catholicism to Romantic Love: The Politics of Love and Divorce in Franco's Spain". Contemporary European History (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press) 31 (1, Special Issue: The Contemporary European History Prize): 2–14. February 2022. doi:10.1017/S0960777321000515. ISSN 1469-2171.
4. ↑ Raguer (1976) (in es). El experimento del nacionalcatolicismo, 1939-1975. Cuadernos para el Diálogo. pp. 547.
5. ↑ Frank Tallett (2003). Catholicism in Britain & France Since 1789. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 152–154. ISBN 978-1-85285-100-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=0dWbmFrLO94C&pg=PA152.
6. ↑ Maurice Larkin (2002). Religion, Politics and Preferment in France since 1890: La Belle Epoque and its Legacy. Cambridge University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-521-52270-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=7rPaeTm4lm4C&pg=PA157.
7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Victoria Lorée Enders; Pamela Beth Radcliff (1999). "Gender Relations in the Francoist University". Constructing Spanish Womanhood: Female Identity in Modern Spain. SUNY Press. p. 59. ISBN 079144029X. https://books.google.com/books?id=QTjCtl-9XlAC&pg=PA59.
8. ↑ Stanley G. Payne (1996). A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. University of Wisconsin Pres. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-299-14873-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=x_MeR06xqXAC&pg=PA406.
9. ↑ John R. Lampe (2004). Ideologies and National Identities: The Case of Twentieth-Century Southeastern Europe. Central European University Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-963-9241-82-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=gE1c4wK-ASAC&pg=PA102.
10. ↑ Stanley G. Payne (1984). Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. xiii. ISBN 978-0-299-09804-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=JGoqcg22N4gC&pg=PR13.

* BOTTI, Alfonso, Nazionalcattolicesimo e Spagna nuova (1881–1975), Milano, Franco Angeli, 1992 ISBN 88-204-7242-2 (Spanish trans. Cielo y dinero. El nacionalcatolicismo en España (1881–1975), Madrid, Alianza Editorial, 1992 ISBN 84-206-2717-8)

## Further reading

* Stanley G. Payne (1984). "7. National Catholicism". Spanish Catholicism: An Historical Overview. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-09804-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=JGoqcg22N4gC&pg=PA171.

* v
* t
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Nationalism

Development|

* Anthem
* Colours
* Flag
* Flower
* Epic
* God
* Identity
* Language
* Music
* Myth
* Sport
* Symbol
* Treasure

By Type|

* Banal
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* Corporate
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* Ecological
* Economic
* Ethnic
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* Palingenetic ultranationalism
* Homonationalism
* Integral
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* National-anarchism
* National syndicalism
* Nazism
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* Queer
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Organizations|

* List of nationalist organizations
* Nationalist Clubs

Related concepts|

* Anationalism
* Anti-nationalism
* Diaspora politics
* Gender and nationalism
* Historiography and nationalism
* Internationalism
* Irredentism
* National Question
* Nationalist terrorism
* Postnationalism
* Revanchism

Portal

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Religion in politics

General concepts

* Anti-clericalism
* Anticlericalism and Freemasonry
* Caesaropapism
* Clericalism
* Clerical fascism
* Confessionalism
* Divine rule
* Engaged Spirituality
* Feminist theology
* Thealogy
* Womanist theology
* Identity politics
* Political religion
* Progressive Reconstructionism
* Religious anarchism
* Religious anti-Masonry
* Religious anti-Zionism
* Religious communism
* Religious humanism
* Religious law
* Religious nationalism
* Religious pacifism
* Religion and peacebuilding
* Religious police
* Religious rejection of politics
* Religious segregation
* Religious separatism
* Religious socialism
* Religious views on same-sex marriage
* Secularism
* Secular religion
* Separation of church and state
* Spiritual left
* State atheism
* State religion
* Theocracy
* Theonomy

Christianity and politics

* Blaine Amendment
* Christian anarchism
* Christian anti-communism
* Christian anti-Masonry
* Papal ban
* Christian anti-Zionism
* Christian communism
* Christian corporatism
* Christian democracy
* Christian egalitarianism
* Christian environmentalism
* Evangelical environmentalism
* Christian fascism
* German Christians
* National Catholicism
* Positive Christianity
* Protestant Reich Church
* Christian feminism
* Mormon feminism
* Christian humanism
* Christian law
* Christian left
* Evangelical left
* Christian libertarianism
* Christian pacifism
* Christian peacemaking
* Christian reconstructionism
* Christian republic
* Christian right
* Christian socialism
* In Utah
* Christian state
* Christian Zionism
* Cisalpinism
* Dominion Theology
* Febronianism
* Gallicanism
* Liberation theology
* Papal state
* Pillarisation
* Political Catholicism
* Relations between the Catholic Church and the state
* In Argentina
* Sphere sovereignty
* Subsidiarity
* Temporal power
* Theodemocracy
* Ultramontanism
* Neo-ultramontanism

Islam and politics

* Hui pan-nationalism
* Human Rights in Islam
* Imamate
* Islamic anarchism
* Islamic anti-Masonry
* Islamic anti-Zionism
* Islamic democracy
* Islamic fascism
* Islamic feminism
* Sharia law
* by country
* Islamic nationalism
* In Pakistan
* In South Asia
* Islamic pacifism
* Islamic republic
* Islamic socialism
* Islamic state
* Islamic Zionism
* Islamism
* Criticism
* Islamization
* Khilafat
* Petro-Islam
* Political quietism
* Taliban
* Talibanization
* Two-nation theory

Judaism and politics

* Halachic state
* Jewish anarchism
* Jewish anti-Zionism
* Haredim
* Jewish Autonomism
* Jewish democracy
* Jewish fascism
* Kahanism
* Revisionist Maximalism
* Jewish feminism
* Jewish law
* Jewish left
* Jewish pacifism
* Jewish political movements
* Jewish right
* Jewish secularism
* Jewish socialism
* Bundism
* Humanistic Judaism
* Poale Zion
* Religious Zionism
* World Agudath Israel

Hinduism and politics

* Akhand Bharat
* Hindu feminism
* Gandhism
* Hindu law
* Hindu modernism
* Hindu nationalism
* Hindutva
* Hindu Rashtra
* Panun Kashmir
* Bangabhumi
* Hindu revolution
* Hindu revivalism
* Hindu environmentalism
* Integral humanism
* Indigenous Aryans
* Rama Rajya
* Saffronisation
* Shuddhi
* Uniform civil code

Buddhism and politics

* Buddhists anti-communism
* Buddhist feminism
* Buddhist law
* Buddhist modernism
* Buddhist nationalism
* 969 Movement
* Nichirenism
* Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
* Buddhist socialism
* Engaged Buddhism
* Humanistic Buddhism
* Secular Buddhism

Other

* American civil religion
* Imperial cult
* Ancient Rome
* Gottgläubig
* Khalistan movement
* Neopaganist feminism
* Religious aspects of Nazism
* Creativity (religion)
* Nazi Satanism
* Personality cult
* State Shinto

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