National syndicalism

Short description: Far-right adaptation of syndicalism

Not to be confused with National Socialism or National Bolshevism.

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Nationalism

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National syndicalism is a far-right adaptation of syndicalism within the broader agenda of integral nationalism that developed during the French Third Republic and spread to other romance regions like Italy and the Iberian Peninsula.

## Contents

* 1 Background
* 1.1 Cercle Proudhon
* 2 Italy
* 3 Spain
* 4 See also
* 5 Sources
* 6 References
* 7 Further reading

## Background

In 1900, Charles Maurras declared in Action Française's newspaper that anti-democratic socialism is the "pure"[1]

Georges Sorel is sometimes described as the father of revolutionary syndicalism.[2][3] He supported militant trade unionism to combat the corrupting influences of parliamentary parties and politics, even if the legislators were distinctly socialist. As a French Marxist who supported Lenin, Bolshevism and Mussolini concurrently in the early 1920s,[4][5] Sorel promoted the cause of the proletariat in class struggle, and the "catastrophic polarization" that would arise through social myth-making of general strikes.[6] The intention of syndicalism was to organize strikes to abolish capitalism; not to supplant it with State socialism, but rather to build a society of worker-class producers. This Sorel regarded as "truly true" Marxism.[7]

Georges Sorel developed his thought based on Henri Bergson's irrationalist philosophy and his conception of "social myths". According to him, parties, parliamentary democracy and state are all abstractions that rest on centralism. He argued that these abstractions are "enslaving" humanity, while only direct action and individualism are close to "immediacy of life". He considered every direct action to be based on "mythical image", which serves as a motive force that pushes the group's energy forward and gives it the "strength for martyrdom" for the action.[8][9] The myth is "identical with the convictions of a group, being the expression of these convictions in the language of movement". Sorel argued that, upon engaging in the direct action for the liberatory purposes, the agent of the action has no experience of this liberation before action, therefore it is an epistemological obscurity for it since it is the "event from the future". For this purpose, the direct action can be only driven by "myth", "a memory from the future".[10] Therefore, the myth is a "representation of the unrepresentable" and allows intelligibility with the future liberation, and thus direction action must be based on myth. The action itself brings the "framing of the future, in some indeterminate time". Sorel saw decentralized trade unions and their means of struggle, general strikes, as expressing direct action. For Sorel, the "myth of general strike" served as a "true impulse of an intensive life".[9] Sorel thought that only proletariat possessed the militant energy needed for direct, revolutionary action to revitalize the degenerate and sick soul of Europe.[8] The self-realization of proletariat with liberatory action is accompanied by the conflict, and therefore, violence, because it juxtapositions old order with the new – social refoundation involves destruction of old and the creation of new. The general strike expresses direct action for Sorel, because, it possess this structural, epoch-making character – it gives its agents focus and direction for radical transformation, it totally destroys the structural and institutional status quo. The form of general strike is actually non-violent, but the transformation it brings entails the "phenomenal violence" of "life against life".[11] According to Sorel, the general strike would be very general and extending to whole country, therefore paralyzing system by making the repression impossible.[8] The general strike would lead to "a release of the individualistic forces within the rebelling mass".[9]

But later on, along with class struggle, Sorel elaborated on nationalism or "national myth" as another "myth" inspiring direct action. He saw the myth of "great nation to be created" and the "national enemy" as inprising mythical image, as well as syndicalist myth of fight against the bourgeois order and the class enemy.[9]

In 1909, the integral nationalists Action Française began to work with Sorel. The connection was formed after Sorel read the second edition of Maurras' book, Enquête sur la monarchie. Maurras favorably mentioned Sorel and revolutionary syndicalism in the book, and even sent a copy of the new edition to Sorel. Sorel read the book, and in April 1909 wrote a praising letter to Maurras. Three months later, on 10 July, Sorel published in Il Divenire sociale (the leading journal of Italian revolutionary syndicalism) an essay admiring Maurras and Action Française. Sorel based his support on his anti-democratic thought. For example, he claimed that Action Française was the only force capable to fight against democracy.[12] Action Française reprinted the essay in its newspaper on 22 August, titled "Anti-parliamentary Socialists".

### Cercle Proudhon

Further information: Cercle Proudhon

During the preparations for launching La Cité française, Sorel encouraged Berth and Valois to work together. In March 1911, Henri Lagrange (a member of Action Française) suggested to Valois that they found an economic and social study group for nationalists. Valois persuaded Lagrange to open the group to non-nationalists who were anti-democratic and syndicalists. Valois wrote later that the aim of the group was to provide "a common platform for nationalists and leftist anti-democrats".[13]

The new political group, called Cercle Proudhon, was founded on 16 December 1911. It included Berth, Valois, Lagrange, the syndicalist Albert Vincent and the royalists Gilbert Maire, René de Marans, André Pascalon, and Marius Riquier.[14]

## Italy

Part of a series on

Fascism

Core tenets

* Nationalism
* Imperialism
* Militarism
* Dictatorship
* Anti-communism
* Direct action
* Social interventionism
* Social order
* Indoctrination
* Proletarian nation
* Propaganda
* Heroism
* Racism
* Economic interventionism
* Statolatry
* New Man
* Reactionary modernism

Topics

* Definitions
* Economics
* Fascism and ideology
* Fascism worldwide
* Symbolism

Ideas

* Totalitarianism
* Authoritarian democracy
* Class collaboration
* Corporatism
* Eugenics
* Authoritarian capitalism
* Heroic capitalism
* Integral nationalism
* National capitalism
* National syndicalism
* State capitalism
* Supercapitalism
* Third Position

People

* Benito Mussolini
* Adolf Hitler
* Francisco Franco
* José Antonio Primo de Rivera
* Ante Pavelić
* Italo Balbo
* Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
* Horia Sima
* Giovanni Gentile
* Julius Evola
* Aleksandr Dugin
* Gabriele D'Annunzio
* Giuseppe Bottai
* Galeazzo Ciano
* Achille Starace
* Seigō Nakano
* Sadao Araki
* Shūmei Ōkawa
* Ikki Kita
* Oswald Mosley
* Léon Degrelle
* Eoin O'Duffy
* Tefik Mborja
* Ferenc Szálasi
* Davud Monshizadeh
* Vidkun Quisling
* Engelbert Dollfuss
* Dimitrije Ljotić
* Plínio Salgado
* Konstantin Rodzaevsky
* Abba Achimeir
* Adrien Arcand
* Milan Stojadinović
* Jozef Tiso
* Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
* William Dudley Pelley
* Jorge González von Marées
* Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
* Zoltán Böszörmény
* Maurice Bardèche

Literature

* "The Doctrine of Fascism"
* "Fascist Manifesto"
* La Conquista del Estado
* Mein Kampf
* My Autobiography
* The Myth of the Twentieth Century
* The Last Will of a Russian Fascist

Organizations

* Axis powers
* 1934 Montreux Fascist conference

History

* March on Rome
* Beer Hall Putsch
* Aventine Secession
* Pacification of Libya
* Mukden Incident
* German election of 1932
* Enabling Act
* Austrian Civil War
* Second Italo-Ethiopian War
* Spanish Civil War
* Marco Polo Bridge Incident
* Anti-Comintern Pact
* Italian invasion of Albania
* World War II
* The Holocaust
* Downfall in Italy
* Downfall in Germany
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Lists

* Fascists by country

Variants

* Austrofascism
* Brazilian Integralism
* British Fascism
* Christofascism
* Clerical fascism
* Crypto-fascism
* Ecofascism
* Falangism
* Francoism
* Fascist mysticism
* Feudal fascism
* French fascism
* Hindu fascism
* Hutu Power
* Islamofascism
* Italian Fascism
* Japanese fascism
* Legionarism
* Metaxism
* National Bolshevism
* Nazism
* Neo-fascism
* Para-fascism
* Proto-fascism
* Red fascism
* Revisionist Maximalism
* Rexism
* Strasserism
* Shōwa Restoration
* Tropical fascism

Related topics

* Alt-right
* Anti-fascism
* Culture of fear
* Fascist (epithet)
* Glossary of Fascist Italy
* Left-wing fascism
* Palingenetic ultranationalism
* Supremacism

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See also: Social:Fascist syndicalism

In the early 20th century, nationalists and syndicalists were increasingly influencing each other in Italy.[15] From 1902 to 1910, a number of Italian revolutionary syndicalists including Arturo Labriola, Agostino Lanzillo, Angelo Oliviero Olivetti, Alceste De Ambris, Filippo Corridoni and Sergio Panunzio sought to unify the Italian nationalist cause with the syndicalist cause and had entered into contact with Italian nationalist figures such as Enrico Corradini.[16] These Italian national syndicalists held a common set of principles: the rejection of bourgeois values, democracy, liberalism, Marxism, internationalism, and pacifism while promoting heroism, vitalism, and violence.[17] Not all Italian revolutionary syndicalists joined the Fascist cause, but most syndicalist leaders eventually embraced nationalism and "were among the founders of the Fascist movement," where "many even held key posts" in Mussolini's regime.[18] Benito Mussolini declared in 1909 that he had converted over to revolutionary syndicalism by 1904 during a general strike.[18]

Enrico Corradini promoted a form of national syndicalism that utilized Maurassian nationalism alongside the syndicalism of Georges Sorel.[19] Corradini spoke of the need for a national syndicalist movement that would be able to solve Italy's problems, led by elitist aristocrats and anti-democrats who shared a revolutionary syndicalist commitment to direct action through a willingness to fight.[19] Corradini spoke of Italy as being a "proletarian nation" that needed to pursue imperialism in order to challenge the "plutocratic" nations of France and the United Kingdom.[20] Corradini's views were part of a wider set of perceptions within the right-wing Italian Nationalist Association (ANI) that claimed that Italy's economic backwardness was caused by corruption within its political class, liberalism, and division caused by "ignoble socialism".[20] The ANI held ties and influence amongst conservatives, Catholics, and the business community.[20]

A number of Italian fascist leaders began to relabel national syndicalism as Fascist syndicalism. Mussolini was one of the first to disseminate this term, explaining that "Fascist syndicalism is national and productivistic… in a national society in which labor becomes a joy, an object of pride and a title to nobility."[21] By the time Edmondo Rossoni became secretary-general of the General Confederation of Fascist Syndical Corporations in December 1922, other Italian national syndicalists were adopting the "Fascist syndicalism" phrase in their aim at "building and reorganizing political structures… through a synthesis of State and labor".[22] An early leader in Italian trade unionism, Rossoni and other fascist syndicalists not only took the position of radical nationalism, but favored "class struggle".[23] Seen at the time as "radical or leftist elements," Rossoni and his syndicalist cadre had "served to some extent to protect the immediate economic interests of the workers and to preserve their class consciousness".[24] Rossoni was dismissed from his post in 1928, which could have been due to his powerful leadership position in the Fascist unions,[25] and his hostilities to the business community, occasionally referring to industrialists as "vampires" and "profiteers".[26]

With the outbreak of World War I, Sergio Panunzio noted the national solidarity within France and Germany that suddenly arose in response to the war and claimed that should Italy enter the war, the Italian nation would become united and would emerge from the war as a new nation in a "Fascio nazionale" (national union) that would be led by an aristocracy of warrior-producers that would unite Italians of all classes, factions, and regions into a disciplined socialism.[27]

In November 1918, Mussolini defined national syndicalism as a doctrine that would unite economic classes into a program of national development and growth.[28]

## Spain

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National syndicalism was intended to win over the anarcho-syndicalist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) to a corporatist nationalism. Ledesma's manifesto was discussed in the CNT congress of 1931. However, the National Syndicalist movement effectively emerged as a separate political tendency. Later the same year, Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista was formed, and subsequently voluntarily fused with Falange Española. In 1937 Franco forced a further less voluntary merger with traditionalist Carlism, to create a single less radical party on the Nationalist side of the Spanish Civil War.

## See also

* Corporatism
* Fascism
* National Trade Union Confederation of Finland
* National Anarchism
* Economics of Fascism
* Faisceau
* Syndicalism
* Proto-fascism
* Spanish Trade Union Organisation
* Falangism
* Strasserism
* State capitalism
* Third Position
* Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista
* National Syndicalists (Portugal)

## Sources

* Vahabzadeh, Peyman (2019). Violence and Nonviolence: Conceptual Excursions Into Phantom Opposites. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781487523183. https://anarch.cc/uploads/carl-schmitt/the-crisis-of-parliamentary-democracy.pdf.

## References

1. ↑ "a socialism liberated from the democratic and cosmopolitan element fits nationalism as a well-made glove fits a beautiful hand" (italics in original). Published in L'Action française, page 863, 15 November 1900. Quoted in Sternhell, Zeev; Sznajder, Mario; Ashéri, Maia (1995). The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution (Third printing, and first paperback printing ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 82. ISBN 0-691-03289-0. https://archive.org/details/birthoffascistid00ster. For a detailed study of this quote, see:

Sternhell, Zeev (1984). La droite révolutionnaire, 1885-1914: les origines françaises du fascisme. Paris: Éditions du Seuil. ISBN 978-2-02-006694-5.
Mazgaj, Paul (1979). The Action française and Revolutionary Syndicalism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-1316-4.
2. ↑ Spencer M. Di Scala, Emilio Gentile, edits., Mussolini 1883-1915: Triumph and Transformation of a Revolutionary Socialist, New York, NY, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, Chap. 5, Marco Gervasoni, "Mussolini and Revolutionary Syndicalism," p. 131
3. ↑ James Ramsay McDonald, Syndicalism: A Critical Examination, London, UK, Constable & Co. Ltd., 1912, p. 7
4. ↑ "For Lenin," Soviet Russia, Official Organ of The Russian Soviet Government Bureau, Vol. II, New York: NY, January-June 1920 (April 10, 1920), p. 356
5. ↑ Jacob L. Talmon, The Myth of the Nation and the Vision of Revolution: The Origins of Ideological Polarization in the 20th Century, University of California Press (1981) p. 451. Sorel's March 1921 conversations with Jean Variot, published in Variot's Propos de Georges Sorel, (1935) Paris, pp. 53-57, 66-86 passim
6. ↑ Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri, The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press, 1994, p. 76
7. ↑ Georges Sorel, Reflections on Violence, edited and intro by Jeremy Jennings, Cambridge Texts of the History of Political Thought, Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. ix
8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Urmila Sharma; S.K. Sharma (1998). "Georges Sorel (1847-1922)". Western Political Thought. Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. pp. 324–328. ISBN 9788171567355. https://books.google.com/books?id=7sXf63x3_pwC.
9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Schmitt, Carl (1988). "Irrationalist Theories of the Direct Use of Force (Georges Sorel's theory of myth; the mythical image of the bourgeois; class struggle and national myths in Bolshevism and Fascism)". The Crisis of Parliamentary Democracy. The MIT Press. https://anarch.cc/uploads/carl-schmitt/the-crisis-of-parliamentary-democracy.pdf.
10. ↑ Vahabzadeh 2019, p. 80.
11. ↑ Vahabzadeh 2019, p. 83.
12. ↑ "A vigorous protest had to be made against this spirit of decadence: no other group except Action française was able to fulfill a role requiring both literacy and faith. The friends of Maurras form an audacious avant-garde engaged in a fight to the finish against the boors who have corrupted everything they have touched in our country. The merit of these young people will appear great in history, for we may hope that due to them the reign of stupidity will come to an end some day near at hand". Originally published in Sorel, Georges (22 August 1909). "Socialistes antiparlementaires". L'Action française. Quoted in Sternhell, Zeev; Sznajder, Mario; Ashéri, Maia (1995). The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution (Third printing, and first paperback printing ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 79. ISBN 0-691-03289-0. https://archive.org/details/birthoffascistid00ster.
13. ↑ Quoted in Sternhell, Zeev (1986). Neither right nor left: fascist ideology in France. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-691-00629-1.
14. ↑ Douglas, Allen (1992). From fascism to libertarian communism: Georges Valois against the Third Republic. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-520-07678-5.
15. ↑ Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri, The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, Princeton University Press, 1994, p. 161
16. ↑ Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, Princeton University Press, 1994. pp. 31-32
17. ↑ Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, Princeton University Press, 1994, p. 32
18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, Princeton University Press, 1994, p. 33
19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Zeev Sternhell, Mario Sznajder, Maia Ashéri. The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution, Princeton University Press, 1994, p. 163
20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Martin Blinkhorn. Mussolini and fascist Italy. Second edition. New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2003 Pp. 9.
21. ↑ A. James Gregor, The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century, Yale University Press, 1999, p 216, note 42, Mussolini "Commento" in Opera omnia, vol. 18, pp. 228-229
22. ↑ Emilio Gentile, The Origins of Fascist Ideology 1918-1925, New York, NY, Enigma Books, 2005, p. 322
23. ↑ Martin Blinkhorn, edit., Fascists and Conservatives: The Radical Right and the Establishment in Twentieth-Century Europe, chap. 2: Roland Sarti, "Italian fascism: radical politics and conservative goals," London/New York, Routledge, 2001, pp. 22-23
24. ↑ David D. Roberts, The Syndicalist Tradition and Italian Fascism, University of North Carolina Press, 1979, p. 290
25. ↑ Franklin Hugh Adler, Italian Industrialists from Liberalism to Fascism: The Political Development of the Industrial Bourgeoisie, 1906-1934, Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 391
26. ↑ Lavoro d'Italia, January 6, 1926
27. ↑ Anthony James Gregor. Mussolini's intellectuals: fascist social and political thought. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press, 2005. Pp. 78.
28. ↑ Anthony James Gregor. Mussolini's intellectuals: fascist social and political thought. Princeton, New Jersey, USA: Princeton University Press, 2005. Pp. 81.

## Further reading

* Sternhell, Zeev; Sznajder, Mario; Ashéri, Maia (1995). The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution (Third printing, and first paperback printing ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03289-0. https://archive.org/details/birthoffascistid00ster.
* Sternhell, Zeev (1986). Neither right nor left: fascist ideology in France (2nd ed.). Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00629-1.
* Garrido San Román, Jorge (2007) (in es). Manifiesto sindicalista: Propuestas para una economía alternativa viable al capitalismo del siglo XXI: el Nacionalsindicalismo. Visión Libros. ISBN 9788498866438.

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* Nazism
* Nazi Party
* Sudeten German Party
* Volksdeutsche Bewegung

Southern Europe|

* Albanian Fascist Party
* Democratic Fascist Party
* Falange
* Freethinkers' Party
* Greek National Socialist Party
* Italian Fascism
* Italian Social Republic
* Metaxism
* National Fascist Party
* National Union (Portugal)
* Republican Fascist Party
* Sammarinese Fascist Party
* Ustaše
* ZBOR

Eastern and Southeastern Europe|

* Bulgarian National Socialist Workers Party
* Crusade of Romanianism
* Iron Guard
* National-Christian Defense League
* National Fascist Community
* National Fascist Movement
* National Italo-Romanian Cultural and Economic Movement
* National Social Movement (Bulgaria)
* National Radical Camp Falanga
* National Romanian Fascio
* National Renaissance Front
* Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
* Ratniks (Bulgaria)
* Romanian Front
* Russian Fascist Party
* Russian Women's Fascist Movement
* Slovak People's Party
* Union of Bulgarian National Legions
* Vlajka

North America|

* Fascism in Canada
* Canadian Union of Fascists
* Parti national social chrétien
* Christian Party (United States, 1930s)
* Gold shirts
* German American Bund
* Silver Legion of America

South America|

* Argentine Fascist Party
* Argentine Patriotic League
* Brazilian Integralism
* Brazilian Integralist Action
* Bolivian Socialist Falange
* Falangism in Latin America
* National Fascist Party (Argentina)
* National Fascist Union (Argentina)
* Nationalist Liberation Alliance
* National Socialist Movement of Chile
* Revolutionary Union

People

* Abba Ahimeir
* Gabriele D'Annunzio
* Nimio de Anquín
* Ion Antonescu
* Sadao Araki
* Radasłaŭ Astroŭski
* Marc Augier
* Maurice Bardèche
* John Beckett
* Jacques Benoist-Méchin
* Henri Béraud
* Werner Best
* Pierre Biétry
* Luis Carrero Blanco
* Zoltán Böszörmény
* Giuseppe Bottai
* Robert Brasillach
* Josef Bühler
* Marcelo Caetano
* Alphonse de Châteaubriant
* Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
* Gustavs Celmiņš
* Frits Clausen
* Enrico Corradini
* Carlo Costamagna
* Charles Coughlin
* Nichifor Crainic
* A. C. Cuza
* Richard Walther Darré
* Alceste De Ambris
* Marcel Déat
* Léon Degrelle
* Paul Déroulède
* Savitri Devi
* Roman Dmowski
* Engelbert Dollfuss
* Ion Dragoumis
* Pierre Drieu La Rochelle
* Gottfried Feder
* Albert Forster
* Francisco Franco
* Hans Frank
* Friedrich Franz V
* Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
* Giovanni Gentile
* Ion Gigurtu
* Joseph Goebbels
* Octavian Goga
* Chen Gongbo
* Puyi
* Jorge González von Marées
* Hermann Göring
* Giuliano Gozi
* Arthur Greiser
* Fritz Grobba
* Hans F. K. Günther
* Wilhelm Gustloff
* Emil Hácha
* Rudolf Hess
* Reinhard Heydrich
* Heinrich Himmler
* Adolf Hitler
* Émile Janvion
* Wang Jingwei
* William Joyce
* Edgar Jung
* Meir Kahane
* Bronislav Kaminski
* Max Leo Keller
* Ikki Kita
* Yevhen Konovalets
* Alexandros Koryzis
* Vihtori Kosola
* Fritz Julius Kuhn
* Agostino Lanzillo
* Charles Lindbergh
* Dimitrije Ljotić
* Leopoldo Lugones
* Hristo Lukov
* Curzio Malaparte
* Nikola Mandić
* Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
* Charles Maurras
* Tefik Mborja
* Ioannis Metaxas
* Robert Michels
* Oswald Mosley
* Asit Krishna Mukherji
* Heinrich Müller
* Benito Mussolini
* Eoin O'Duffy
* Gearóid Ó Cuinneagáin
* Sergio Panunzio
* Giovanni Papini
* Ante Pavelić
* Patrick Pearse
* William Dudley Pelley
* Philippe Pétain
* Ernest Peterlin
* Plaek Phibunsongkhram
* Bolesław Piasecki
* Alfred Ploetz
* Robert Poulet
* José Antonio Primo de Rivera
* Vidkun Quisling
* Rudolf Rahn
* Pedro Pablo Ramírez
* Lucien Rebatet
* Hanna Reitsch
* Cécil von Renthe-Fink
* Joachim von Ribbentrop
* Dionisio Ridruejo
* Alfredo Rocco
* Konstantin Rodzaevsky
* Alfred Rosenberg
* Leon Rupnik
* Plínio Salgado
* Rafael Sánchez Mazas
* Margherita Sarfatti
* Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
* Carl Schmitt
* Kurt Schuschnigg
* Arthur Seyss-Inquart
* Horia Sima
* Ardengo Soffici
* Troy Southgate
* Othmar Spann
* Ugo Spirito
* Milan Stojadinović
* Gregor Strasser
* Otto Strasser
* Mykola Stsiborskyi
* Ferenc Szálasi
* Jozef Tiso
* Shūmei Ōkawa
* Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
* Aleksandar Tsankov
* Georges Valois
* Anastasy Vonsyatsky
* Lee Beom seok
* Yeom dong jin

Works

| Literature|

* The Doctrine of Fascism
* Fascist Manifesto
* Friendly Fascism: The New Face of Power in America
* La Conquista del Estado
* Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals
* Mein Kampf
* My Life
* The Myth of the Twentieth Century
* Zweites Buch
* Zaveshchanie russkogo fashista

|

Periodicals|

* l'Alba
* Der Angriff
* Arriba
* La Conquista del Estado
* Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung
* Deutsche Zeitung in Norwegen
* Deutsche Zeitung in den Niederlanden
* Fashist
* Figli d'Italia
* Fritt Folk
* Fronten
* Gândirea
* Gioventù Fascista
* Hrvatski Domobran
* Je suis partout
* La France au travail
* Münchener Beobachter
* Nash Put'
* Novopress
* Nea Imera
* NS Månedshefte
* Norsk-Tysk Tidsskrift
* Le Pays Réel
* Il Popolo d'Italia
* Das Reich
* Das Schwarze Korps
* Sfarmă-Piatră
* Al-Sha'ab
* Signal
* Slovák
* Slovenská pravda
* Der Stürmer
* Tomori
* Vlajka
* Volk en Staat
* Völkischer Beobachter

Film|

* Der Sieg des Glaubens
* Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht
* Triumph of the Will

Sculpture|

* Allach

Related topics|

* Art of the Third Reich
* Fascist architecture
* Heroic realism
* Nazi architecture
* Nazism and cinema
* Nazi plunder
* Syndicalism
* Conservatism

Organizations

| Institutional|

* Ahnenerbe
* Chamber of Fasci and Corporations
* Grand Council of Fascism
* Imperial Way Faction
* Italian Nationalist Association
* Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen
* Quadrumvirs

|

Activist|

* Friends of New Germany
* German American Bund
* Russian Fascist Organization

Youth|

* Albanian Lictor Youth
* Arab Lictor Youth
* Ethiopian Lictor Youth
* Fascist Union of Youth
* Frente de Juventudes
* Al-Futuwwa
* Gioventù Italiana del Littorio
* Great Japan Youth Party
* Hitler Youth
* Faith and Beauty Society
* Deutsches Jungvolk
* Jungmädelbund
* League of German Girls
* Hlinka Youth
* Mocidade Portuguesa
* Nationale Jeugdstorm
* National Youth Organisation (Greece)
* NS Ungdomsfylking
* Opera Nazionale Balilla
* Union of Fascist Little Ones
* Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (boys)
* Union of Young Fascists – Vanguard (girls)
* Ustashe Youth

Paramilitary|

* Albanian Fascist Militia
* Black Brigades
* Blackshirts
* Blueshirts
* Blueshirts (Falange)
* Corpul Muncitoresc Legionar
* Einsatzgruppen
* Gold shirts
* Greenshirts
* Greyshirts
* Heimwehr
* Hirden
* Hlinka Guard
* Iron Wolf
* Lăncieri
* Legião Portuguesa (Estado Novo)
* Makapili
* Rodobrana
* Schutzstaffel
* Serbian Volunteer Corps (World War II)
* Silver Legion of America
* Sturmabteilung
* Sudetendeutsches Freikorps
* Ustashe Militia
* Volkssport
* Walloon Legion
* Waffen-SS
* Weerbaarheidsafdeling
* Werwolf
* Yokusan Sonendan

Student|

* Avanguardia Giovanile Fascista
* Gruppi Universitari Fascisti
* National Socialist German Students' League
* Sindicato Español Universitario

International|

* Axis powers
* NSDAP/AO
* ODESSA

History

| 1910s|

* Arditi
* Fascio

|

1920s|

* March on Rome
* Corfu incident
* Acerbo Law
* Beer Hall Putsch
* Aventine Secession
* Italian economic battles
* 28 May 1926 coup d'état

1930s|

* March of the Iron Will
* November 1932 German federal election
* March 1933 German federal election
* Enabling Act
* 6 February 1934 crisis
* Austrian Civil War
* July Putsch
* 1934 Montreux Fascist conference
* Romani genocide
* Spanish Civil War
* 4th of August Regime
* Anti-Comintern Pact

1940s|

* World War II
* Nazi crimes against the Polish nation
* The Holocaust
* Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia
* End in Italy
* Denazification
* Nuremberg Trials
* Tokyo Trials

Lists

* Anti-fascists
* Books about Hitler
* British fascist parties
* Fascist movements by country (A-F
* G-M
* N-T
* U-Z)
* Nazi ideologues
* Nazi leaders
* Speeches by Hitler
* SS personnel

Related topics

* Alt-right
* Anti-fascism
* Anti-Nazi League
* Christofascism
* Clerical fascism
* Cryptofascism
* Esoteric Nazism
* Fascist (epithet)
* Fascist mysticism
* Feudal fascism
* Francoism
* French fascism
* Germanisation
* Glossary of Nazi Germany
* Hindu fascism
* Hitler salute
* Italianization
* Italianization of South Tyrol
* Islamofascism
* Japanization
* Ku Klux Klan
* Neo-fascism
* Neo-Nazism
* Roman salute
* Social fascism
* Synarchism
* Tropical fascism
* Unite Against Fascism
* Völkisch movement
* Women in Nazi Germany

* Category

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