Oneota

Oneota is a designation archaeologists use to refer to a cultural complex that existed in the eastern plains and Great Lakes area of what is now the United States from around AD 900 to around 1650 or 1700. Based on classification defined in Gordon Willey and Philip Phillips' 1958 book Method and Theory in American Archaeology, the Oneota culture belongs to formative stage.[1] The culture is believed to have transitioned into various Siouan cultures of the protohistoric and historic times, such as the Ioway[citation needed]. A long-accepted ancestry to the Ho-chunk has yet to be conclusively demonstrated.

Oneota is considered a major component of Upper Mississippian culture. It is characterized by globular, shell-tempered pottery that is often coarse in fibre. Pieces often had a spherical body, short necks and/or a flat lip. Sometimes the vessels had strap handles. Decoration includes wavy and zigzag lines, often in parallel. Most decoration was done on the top half of the vessel.[2]

Analytically, the culture has been broken down into various stages or horizons. Generally accepted are the following:

* Emergent Horizon (c. AD 900-1000),
* Developmental Horizon (c. AD 1000-1300),
* Classic Horizon (c. AD 1300-1650) (previously called the Oneota Aspect),
* Historic Horizon (post-contact, generally after 1650).

In addition, the Oneota culture has been divided geographically based on stylistic and socio-economic differences. Some of these traditions are Orr, Langford, and Fisher-Huber.

The Oneota diet included corn, beans, and squash, wild rice, nuts, fish, deer, and bison, varying according to the region and locale.[3]

Relationships with Middle Mississippian were present but are not yet clearly understood. Whether Oneota developed in situ out of Late Woodland cultures, was invasive, was the result of influence from (proto-)Middle Mississippian peoples, or was some mix of these, is not clear.

## Contents

* 1 See also
* 2 Sources
* 3 References
* 4 External links

## See also

* Mississippian culture
* Toolesboro Mound Group
* Upper Mississippian culture

## Sources

* Gibbon, Guy E. (1982) Oneota Studies.
* Green, William (ed.)(1995) Oneota Archaeology: Past, Present, and Future.

## References

1. ↑ Gordon R. Willey and Philip Phillips (1957). Method and Theory in American Archaeology. University of Chicago Press. p. 167 ISBN 978-0-226-89888-9.
2. ↑ Behm, Jeffrey (2007 April). Oneota Tradition. University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh. Oshkosh, WI.
3. ↑ Birmingham, Robert A. & Eisenberg, Leslie E. (2000). Indian Mounds of Wisconsin, p. 166. University of Wisconsin Press.

## External links

* Uiowa.edu, general material and large annotated bibliography
* Angelfire.com, updated bibliography
* The Oneota Culture Prehistoric Farmers of the American Midwest; By K. Kris Hirst, About.com
* Mississippian and Oneota Traditions
* Oneota, Minnesota State University-Mankato
* Crescent Bay Hunt Club Site: Oneota in Eastern Wisconsin. By Robert J. Jeske and Chrisie Hunter. Page produced by Jamie Kelly.

* v
* t
* e

Mississippian and related cultures

* List of Mississippian sites
* Timeline of Mississippi valley

Middle
Mississippian|

| American Bottom
and Upper Mississippi|

* Aztalan
* Big Eddy
* Cahokia
* Monks Mound
* Mound 34
* Mound 72
* Woodhenge
* Cloverdale
* Dickson Mounds
* Emerald Acropolis
* Emmons Cemetery
* Horseshoe Lake
* John Chapman
* Kuhn Station
* Larson
* Lunsford-Pulcher
* McCune
* Mitchell
* Orendorf
* Sleeth
* Steed-Kisker culture
* Sugarloaf Mound

|

Lower Ohio River and
Confluence area|

* Adams
* Dogtooth Bend
* Kincaid Mounds
* Marshall
* Millstone Bluff
* Orr-Herl
* Rowlandton Mound
* Towosahgy
* Turk
* Twin Mounds
* Ware
* Wickliffe Mounds

Middle Ohio River|

* Angel Mounds
* Angel Phase
* Annis Mound
* Bone Bank
* Caborn-Welborn culture
* Ellerbusch
* Hovey Lake-Klein
* Hovey Lake District
* Murphy
* Prather
* Slack Farm
* Tolu
* Welborn Village
* Yankeetown

Tennessee and
Cumberland|

* Backusburg
* Beasley Mounds
* Brentwood Library
* Brick Church
* Castalian Springs
* Dunbar Cave
* Fewkes Group
* Mound Bottom
* Riverview
* Sellars
* Obion
* Old Town
* Swallow Bluff

Central and Lower
Mississippi|

* Belle Meade
* Boone's
* Boyd
* Campbell
* Carson
* Chucalissa
* Eaker
* Janet's
* Menard-Hodges
* Murphy
* Nodena
* Nodena Phase
* Owl Creek
* Parkin
* Tipton Phase
* Tunica
* Koroa
* Yazoo
* Walls Phase

South Appalachian
Mississippian|

* Adamson
* Avery
* Beaverdam Creek
* Bell Field Mound
* Bessemer
* Bussell Island
* Chauga
* Chiaha
* Chota
* Citico
* Coosa
* Dallas Phase
* Dyar
* Etowah
* Garden Creek
* Hoojah Branch
* Irene
* Jere Shine
* Joara
* Joe Bell
* King
* Lamar
* Lamar Phase
* Liddell
* Little Egypt
* Long Swamp
* Mabila
* Mandeville
* McMahan
* Moccasin Bend
* Moundville
* Mouse Creek Phase
* Mulberry
* Muscogee (Creek)
* Nacoochee
* Nikwasi
* Ocmulgee
* Park Mound
* Pisgah Phase
* Punk Rock Shelter
* Rembert
* Roods Landing
* Rucker's Bottom
* Savannah
* Shiloh
* Sixtoe
* Summerour
* Tomotley
* Toqua
* Town Creek
* Waddells Mill Pond
* Wilbanks

Fort Walton culture|

* Anhaica
* Apalachee
* Apalachee Province
* Cayson
* Corbin-Tucker
* Fort Walton Mound
* Lake Jackson
* Leon-Jefferson culture
* Letchworth
* Velda
* Yon

Pensacola culture|

* Bottle Creek
* Dauphin Island
* Fort Walton
* Hickory Ridge Cemetery
* Naval Live Oaks Cemetery
* Pensacola people

Plaquemine
Mississippian|

* Anna
* Atchafalaya Basin
* Emerald
* Fitzhugh
* Flowery
* Fosters
* Ghost
* Glass
* Grand Village of the Natchez
* Holly Bluff
* Jaketown
* Jordan
* Julice
* Mangum
* Mazique
* Medora
* Mott
* Natchez
* Taensa
* Pocahontas
* Routh
* Scott Place
* Sims
* Transylvania
* Venable
* Winterville

Caddoan
Mississippian|

* Battle
* Belcher
* Blue Spring Shelter
* Bluffton
* Caddo
* Caddoan Mounds
* Gahagan
* Hughes
* Ka-Do-Ha Indian Village
* Keller
* Spiro

Upper Mississippian
cultures|

| Oneota|

* Beattie Park Mound Group
* Blood Run
* Hartley Fort State Preserve
* Roche-a-Cri Petroglyphs

|

Fort Ancient culture|

* Alligator Effigy Mound
* Clover
* Dodge
* Leo Petroglyph
* Serpent Mound
* SunWatch Indian Village

Culture|

| Agriculture|

* Beans
* Chenopodium
* Little barley
* Maize
* Marshelder
* Pumpkin
* Squash
* Sunflower
* Three Sisters
* Tobacco

|

Artwork|

* Emmons mask
* Copper plates
* Rogan plates
* Spiro plates
* Wulfing cache
* Long-nosed god maskette
* Mill Creek chert
* Pottery
* Shell gorget
* Stone statuary

Languages|

* Caddoan
* Central Algonquian
* Cherokee
* Mobilian Jargon
* Muskogean
* Natchez
* Taensa
* Siouan
* Timucuan
* Tunican
* Yuchi

Religion|

* Ballgame (Southeastern)
* Northern
* Black drink
* Burial mound
* Ceremonial pipe
* Chanunpa
* Chunkey
* Earth/fertility cult
* Green Corn Ceremony
* Horned Serpent
* Platform mound
* Red Horn
* Sacred bundle
* Village bundle
* Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
* Stone box grave
* Thunderbird
* Underwater panther

Related topics
Chevron bead
Clarksdale bell
Mound Builders
de Soto Expedition

* v
* t
* e

Pre-Columbian North America

Periods
Lithic
Archaic
Formative
Classic
Post-Classic

Archaeological
cultures|

* Adena
* Alachua
* Ancient Beringian
* Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi)
* Baytown
* Belle Glade
* Buttermilk Creek Complex
* Caborn-Welborn
* Calf Creek
* Caloosahatchee
* Clovis
* Coles Creek
* Comondú
* Deptford
* Folsom
* Fort Ancient
* Fort Walton
* Fremont
* Glacial Kame
* Glades
* Hohokam
* Hopewell
* List of Hopewell sites
* La Jolla
* Las Palmas
* Leon-Jefferson
* Maritime Archaic
* Mississippian
* List of Mississippian sites
* Mogollon
* Monongahela
* Old Cordilleran
* Oneota
* Paleo-Arctic
* Paleo-Indians
* Patayan
* Plano
* Plaquemine
* Poverty Point
* Red Ocher
* Safety Harbor Culture
* Santa Rosa-Swift Creek
* St. Johns
* Steed-Kisker
* Tchefuncte
* Troyville
* Weeden Island

Archaeological
sites|

* Angel Mounds
* Anzick Clovis burial
* Bandelier National Monument
* Bastian
* Benson
* Blue Spring Shelter
* The Bluff Point Stoneworks
* Brewster
* Cahokia
* Candelaria Cave
* Casa Grande
* Chaco Canyon
* Coso Rock Art District
* Crystal River Archaeological State Park
* Cuarenta Casas
* Cueva de la Olla
* Eaker
* El Fin del Mundo
* El Vallecito
* Effigy Mounds National Monument
* Etowah Indian Mounds
* Eva
* Folsom Site
* Fort Ancient
* Fort Center
* Fort Juelson
* Four Mounds
* Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument
* Glenwood
* Grimes Point
* Holly Bluff Site
* Hopewell Culture National Historical Park
* Horr's Island
* Huápoca
* Key Marco
* Kimball Village
* Kincaid Mounds
* Kolomoki Mounds
* Lake Jackson Mounds
* L'Anse aux Meadows
* Marksville
* Marmes Rockshelter
* Meadowcroft Rockshelter
* Mesa Verde
* Moaning Cavern
* Moorehead Circle
* Morrison Mounds
* Moundville
* Mummy Cave
* Nodena Site
* Ocmulgee National Monument
* Old Stone Fort
* Orwell Site
* Paquime
* Parkin Park
* Pinson Mounds
* Portsmouth Earthworks
* Poverty Point
* Pueblo Bonito
* Recapture Canyon
* Rock Eagle
* Rock Hawk
* Rosenstock Village Site
* Russell Cave National Monument
* Salmon Ruins
* Serpent Mound
* Sierra de San Francisco
* Spiro Mounds
* SunWatch
* Taos Pueblo
* Toltec Mounds
* Town Creek Indian Mound
* Turkey River Mounds
* Upward Sun River site
* Velda Mound
* West Oak Forest Earthlodge
* Windover
* Winterville
* Wupatki National Monument

Human
remains|

* Anzick-1
* Arlington Springs Man
* Buhl Woman
* Kennewick Man
* La Brea Woman
* Leanderthal Lady
* Melbourne Man
* Minnesota Woman
* Peñon woman
* Spirit Cave mummy
* Vero man

Miscellaneous|

* Aridoamerica
* Black drink
* Ceremonial pipe
* Chunkey
* Clovis point
* Container Revolution
* Eastern Agricultural Complex
* Eden point
* Effigy mound
* Falcon dancer
* Folsom point
* Green Corn Ceremony
* Horned Serpent
* Kiva
* Medicine wheel
* Metallurgy
* Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing
* Mound Builders
* N.A.G.P.R.A.
* Norse colonization of North America
* Oasisamerica
* Piasa
* Southeastern Ceremonial Complex
* Stickball
* Three Sisters agriculture
* Thunderbird
* Underwater panther
* Water glyphs

Related
Genetic history
Pre-Columbian era

0.00

(0 votes)

|

Retrieved from "https://handwiki.org/wiki/index.php?title=Social:Oneota&oldid=3852974"
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template