Patentleft

Patentleft is the practice of licensing patents (especially biological patents) for royalty-free use, on the condition that adopters license related improvements they develop under the same terms. Copyleft-style licensors seek "continuous growth of a universally accessible technology commons" from which they, and others, will benefit.[1][2]

Patentleft is analogous to copyleft, a license that allows distribution of a copyrighted work and derived works, but only under the same or equivalent terms.

## Contents

* 1 Uses
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading
* 5 External links

## Uses

The Biological Innovation for Open Society (BiOS) project implemented a patentleft system to encourage re-contribution and collaborative innovation of their technology. BiOS holds patented technology for transferring genes in plants, and licenses the technology under the terms that, if a license holder improves the gene transfer tool and patents the improvement, then their improvement must be made available to all the other license holders.[3]

The open patent idea is designed to be practiced by consortia of research-oriented companies[4] and increasingly by standards bodies. These also commonly use open trademark methods to ensure some compliance with a suite of compatibility tests, e.g. Java, X/Open both of which forbid the use of the mark by the non-compliant. On October 12, 2001, the Free Software Foundation and Finite State Machine Labs Inc. (FSMLabs) announced a GPL-compliant open-patent license for FSMLabs' software patent, US patent 5995745. Titled the Open RTLinux patent license Version 2, it provides for usage of this patent in accordance with the GPL.[5]

## See also

* Copyleft
* Gratis versus libre
* Open content
* Open Invention Network
* Open Patent Alliance
* Open source
* Patent troll
* Public domain
* Software patent
* Viral license

## References

1. ↑ Hope, Janet (2008). The Red Book of Varieties and Schemes. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. 1358. Harvard University Press. pp. 176–187. doi:10.1007/b62130. ISBN 978-0-674-02635-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=IPTwYNqpJWgC.
2. ↑ Open Patent license proposal at openpatents.org
3. ↑ John T. Wilbanks and Thomas J. Wilbanks, "Science, Open Communication and Sustainable Development", 13 April 2010, "[1]"
4. ↑ "Cambia Biosciences Initiative". http://www.bios.net/daisy/bios/10/version/live/part/4/data.
5. ↑ FSF/FSMLabs press release for the RTLinux Open Patent License, October 12, 2001.

## Further reading

* Ménage, Guillaume; Dietrich, Yann (March 2010). ""Patent Left"". Les Nouvelles (Licensing Executives Society International): 42–46. http://www.lesi.org/images/60d5b196-0941-407d-a3d0-8c79d678c6bf.pdf. Retrieved 2010-11-30.
* Richard Stallman (1999-06-22). "On "Free Hardware"". http://www.linuxtoday.com/news_story.php3?ltsn=1999-06-22-005-05-NW-LF-0049. — Richard Stallman criticizes patentleft because of cost of applying for patents

## External links

* https://wiki.p2pfoundation.net/Patentleft
* Open Hardware Licenses
* Standardized Terms and Conditions For Open Patenting

* v
* t
* e

Intellectual property activism

Issues|

* Artificial scarcity
* Copyright infringement
* Digital rights management
* Gripe site
* Legal aspects of file sharing
* Mashup
* digital
* music
* videos
* Monopolies of knowledge
* Music piracy
* Orphan works
* Patents
* biological
* software
* software patent debate
* trolling
* Public domain

Concepts|

* All rights reversed
* Alternative compensation system
* Anti-copyright notice
* Business models for open-source software
* Copyleft
* Commercial use of copyleft works
* Commons-based peer production
* Electronic sell-through
* Free content
* Free software license
* Libertarian positions
* Open content
* Open-design movement
* Open Music Model
* Open patent
* Open-source
* Open-source hardware
* Open-source software
* Prize system
* contests
* Share-alike
* Video on demand

Movements|

* Access to Knowledge movement
* Anti-copyright
* Cultural environmentalism
* Free-culture movement
* Free software movement

Organizations|

| Pro-copyright|

* Copyright Alliance

|

Pro-copyleft|

* Creative Commons
*   * Electronic Frontier Foundation
* Free Software Foundation
* Open Rights Group
* Organization for Transformative Works
* The Pirate Bay
* Piratbyrån
* Pirate Party
* Public Knowledge
* Sci-Hub
* Students for Free Culture

People|

* Cory Doctorow
* Alexandra Elbakyan
* Rick Falkvinge
* Lawrence Lessig
* Richard Stallman
* Peter Suber
* Peter Sunde
* Aaron Swartz

Documentaries|

* Steal This Film (2006, 2007)
* Good Copy Bad Copy (2007)
* RiP!: A Remix Manifesto (2008)
* TPB AFK: The Pirate Bay Away From Keyboard (2013)
* The Internet's Own Boy (2014)

* v
* t
* e

Free-culture and open-source movements

Concepts and
practices|

| Key concepts|

* Commons-based peer production
* Crowdsourcing
* Gratis versus libre
* Open collaboration
* Openness
* Participatory culture
* Sharism

| Social peer-to-peer processes|

* Peer-to-peer banking
* Peer-to-peer carsharing
* Peer-to-peer lending
* Peer-to-peer ridesharing

|

Research and science|

* Citizen science
* Open science
* Access
* Notebook science
* Research
* Science data
* Plan S

Data, information,
and knowledge|

* Free content
* Knowledge commons
* Open communication
* Open knowledge
* Content
* Data

Communication
and learning|

| Media|

* Collaborative writing
* Democratic media
* Open publishing
* Participatory media
* Peer review

|

Education|

* Open education
* Educational resources
* University
* Admissions
* Open-door academic policy

Journalism|

* Citizen media
* Citizen journalism and Wiki journalism
* Open-source journalism

Economy, production,
and development|

| Products|

* Free and open-source software - FOSS
* Free/Libre software
* Open-source software
* Open-design movement
* Robotics
* Open gaming
* Open-source architecture
* Open-source hardware

|

Economic principles|

* Gift economy
* Open innovation
* Open patent
* Open standard
* Sharing economy

Politics and governance|

* Open government
* Open-source governance

Organizations|

* Creative Commons
* Free Software Foundation
* Open Architecture Network
* Openmod initiative
* Open Knowledge International
* Open Rights Group
* Open Source Initiative
* Open Web Foundation
* P2P Foundation
* Pirate Party
* PLOS
* SPARC

Activists|

* Tim Berners-Lee
* Alexandra Elbakyan
* Cody Wilson
* Lawrence Lessig
* Peter Murray-Rust
* Douglas Rushkoff
* Richard Stallman
* Peter Suber
* Peter Sunde
* Aaron Swartz
* Matthew H. Todd
* John Wilbanks

Projects and
movements|

* DIYbio
* Free-culture movement
* Free software movement
* Open science movement
* Open Source Ecology
* Open-source software movement
* OpenCores
* OpenWetWare
* Sci-Hub

| Tools|

* Licenses
* Creative Commons
* GPL
* Definition Docs
* Free Cultural Works
* Free Software
* Open
* Open Source
* Open Data Indices
* Open educational resources
* Open music model
* Open Web movement

|

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