Political violence in Germany (1918–33)

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Political violence in Germany (1918–33)

Soldiers posing with a captured revolutionary, May 1919
| Date| November 1918–1933

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Location|

Germany

Result|  Nazi Party seizes power, all opposition political parties are banned, Nazi totalitarian state established.
Belligerents

Weimar Republic

* Iron Front
* Reichsbanner
* Moderates

Far-left

* Communists
* Bavarian Soviet Republic
* Free Workers' Union of Germany
* Anarchists

Far-right

* Freikorps
* Stahlhelm
* Organisation Consul
* Nazi Party

Commanders and leaders
Friedrich Ebert
Paul von Hindenburg|  Rosa Luxemburg †
Paul Levi
Karl Radek
Ernst Thälmann
Kurt Eisner †
Ernst Toller
Gustav Landauer †
Eugen Levine †
Erich Mühsam|  Erich Ludendorff
Wolfgang Kapp
Hermann Ehrhardt
Alfred Hugenberg
Adolf Hitler
Ernst Röhm

Substantial political violence existed in Germany from the fall of the House of Hohenzollern and the rise of the Weimar Republic through the German Revolution of 1918–19 until the rise of the Nazi Party to power in 1933 when a Nazi totalitarian state was formed and opposition figures were arrested.

Due to unrest left from the change of government from a monarchy, based on social standing, to a democratic republic, the people of Germany turned to riots and violence. The drastic change allowed for mobility amongst the classes and new voices to be heard. Many large cities, especially Berlin, experienced political rallies which resulted in violence from opposition. The quick overturn of leaders also influenced crises in the interwar period. Ultimately the National socialists took advantage of the radical setting of Germany but leading to this there was great amounts of political violence.

## Further reading

* Blasius, Dirk (2008). Weimars Ende. Bürgerkrieg und Politik 1930-1933 (Paperback ed.). Frankfurt: S. Fischer Verlag. ISBN 978-3-596-17503-1.

## See also

* Beer Hall Putsch
* German Revolution of 1918–19
* Revolutions of 1917–23

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