Politics of outer space

The politics of outer space includes space treaties, law in space, international cooperation and conflict in space exploration, and the hypothetical political impact of any contact with extraterrestrial intelligence.

Astropolitics, also known as astropolitik, has its foundations in geopolitics and is a theory that is used for space in its broadest sense. Astropolitics is often studied as an aspect of the security studies and international relations subfields of political science. This includes the role of space exploration in diplomacy as well as the military uses of satellites, for example, for surveillance or cyber warfare.

An important aspect of the geopolitics of space is the prevention of a military threat to Earth from outer space.[1]

International cooperation on space projects has resulted in the creation of new national space agencies. By 2005 there were 35 national civilian space agencies.[2]

## Contents

* 1 List of outer-space related international laws, treaties, and policies
* 2 See also
* 3 References
* 4 Further reading
* 5 External links

## List of outer-space related international laws, treaties, and policies

* Outer Space Treaty (United Nations)
* Moon Treaty (United Nations)
* Declaration of Principles Concerning Activities Following the Detection of Extraterrestrial Intelligence (International Astronomical Union)

## See also

* Active SETI
* Asteroid mining
* Militarisation of space
* Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial contact
* SETI
* Spacefaring (list of spacefaring nations, also known as "space powers," in analogy to "nuclear powers")
* Space organizations: List of government space agencies, list of private spaceflight companies, space force (military branch)
* Space law
* Space Race
* Space tourism

## References

* D. Deudney and M. Glassner; Political Geography

1. ↑ promotional material for "Meta-Geopolitics of Outer Space" by N. Al-Rodhan
2. ↑ Peter, Nicolas (2006). "The changing geopolitics of space activities". Space Policy 22 (2): 100–109. doi:10.1016/j.spacepol.2006.02.007. Bibcode: 2006SpPol..22..100P.

## Further reading

* Dolman, Everett C. Ed. Colin S. Gray and Geoffrey Sloan. "Geostrategy in the Space Age." Geopolitics, Geography and Strategy. Frank Cass: Portland, Oregon, 2003. pp. 83–106. ISBN 0-7146-8053-2
* ^ Eric Cardiff of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, as quoted at http://www.physorg.com/news66314743.html

## External links

* Astropolitics.The International Journal of Space Politics & Policy
* "Assault on the Sky", by Lucio Caracciolo, from Limes 5/2004

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